Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 100 views

    Illness Anxiety Disorder, Hypochondriasis

    Uploaded by

    Sivan Ali
    Here are a few potential reasons for your questions: 1. Illness anxiety disorder often develops in adulthood because adults have had more life experiences that can trigger health anxiety, such as serious illnesses, deaths of loved ones, traumatic medical experiences, etc. Adults also have more autonomy over their health decisions and behaviors compared to children. 2. Genetic factors may not be emphasized in studies of illness anxiety disorder because relatively little research has been done on the heritability and genetics of this specific condition. Health anxiety in general is thought to have some genetic component, but identifying specific genes involved is an ongoing area of research. Environmental and learning factors seem to play a larger role in most cases based on current understanding. 3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Illness Anxiety Disorder, Hypochondriasis

    Uploaded by

    Sivan Ali
    100 views18 pages
    Here are a few potential reasons for your questions: 1. Illness anxiety disorder often develops in adulthood because adults have had more life experiences that can trigger health anxiety, such as serious illnesses, deaths of loved ones, traumatic medical experiences, etc. Adults also have more autonomy over their health decisions and behaviors compared to children. 2. Genetic factors may not be emphasized in studies of illness anxiety disorder because relatively little research has been done on the heritability and genetics of this specific condition. Health anxiety in general is thought to have some genetic component, but identifying specific genes involved is an ongoing area of research. Environmental and learning factors seem to play a larger role in most cases based on current understanding. 3.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Here are a few potential reasons for your questions: 1. Illness anxiety disorder often develops in adulthood because adults have had more life experiences that can trigger health anxiety, such as serious illnesses, deaths of loved ones, traumatic medical experiences, etc. Adults also have more autonomy over their health decisions and behaviors compared to children. 2. Genetic factors may not be emphasized in studies of illness anxiety disorder because relatively little research has been done on the heritability and genetics of this specific condition. Health anxiety in general is thought to have some genetic component, but identifying specific genes involved is an ongoing area of research. Environmental and learning factors seem to play a larger role in most cases based on current understanding. 3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    100 views18 pages

    Illness Anxiety Disorder, Hypochondriasis

    Uploaded by

    Sivan Ali
    Here are a few potential reasons for your questions: 1. Illness anxiety disorder often develops in adulthood because adults have had more life experiences that can trigger health anxiety, such as serious illnesses, deaths of loved ones, traumatic medical experiences, etc. Adults also have more autonomy over their health decisions and behaviors compared to children. 2. Genetic factors may not be emphasized in studies of illness anxiety disorder because relatively little research has been done on the heritability and genetics of this specific condition. Health anxiety in general is thought to have some genetic component, but identifying specific genes involved is an ongoing area of research. Environmental and learning factors seem to play a larger role in most cases based on current understanding. 3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Illness Anxiety Disorder,

    Hypochondriasis
    Prepared by:
    Sivan Salih
    Outline
    Introduction
    Overview
    Epidemiology
    Development of the disorder
    Diagnostic Criteria
    Assessment
    Comorbidity
    Differential diagnosis
    Treatment options
    Discussion
    Reference
    Introduction

    • Illness anxiety disorder (IAD): Is characterized by chronic anxiety or fear of


    acquiring or contracting a severe medical illness that has a negative impact on
    one's everyday life.
    • A lot of anxiety about health.
    • Easily alarmed about health concern.
    • The individual engages in repetitive health-related behaviors.
    • Engages in maladaptive avoidance excessive fear and anxiety.
    • Illness anxiety can cause symptoms like headaches or a racing heartbeat.
    Two Types of Illness Anxiety
    Care seeking type:
    medical care, including physician visit or undergoing test and procedure,
    is frequently used.
    Care avoidant type:
    medical care is rarely used
    Epidemiology

    • Illness anxiety risk of adults over 40 years old was 0.40 odds ratio higher than that
    of persons under 40 years old.
    • Prevalence in primary care clinics 3-8%
    • Females reported higher levels of health anxiety than males.
    • About a quarter of those with hypochondriasis, as defined by the DSM-IV, are
    now diagnosed with illness anxiety disorder.
    • The remaining 75% of hypochondriasis falls under the category of somatic
    symptom disorder.
    Development of the disorder
    Negative life Childhood Trauma, History of abuse Learning experience, childhood
    events experience
    Learning parental modeling of illness behaviors
    experience
    A serious childhood hospitalization
    childhood illness
    or a parent with a
    serious illness

    Anxiety Disorders GAD


    Internet Looking for information about health
    Diagnostic Criteria
    The DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Illness Anxiety Disorder
    A. Preoccupation about having or developing a debilitating or life-threatening
    illness
    B. Somatic symptoms are absent.
    C. Excessive concern and anxiety regarding health-related issues.
    D. The individual exhibits disproportionate and redundant health-related behaviors,
    such as repeatedly checking his or her body for indications of disease or exhibit
    maladaptive avoidance
    E. Symptoms have been present for at least 6 months
    F. The illness-related preoccupation is not better explained by another psychiatric
    condition
    Assessment

    • Questioning about signs of depression, anxiety, mania, paranoia, OCD, and PTSD
    should be part of an IAD diagnostic interview.
    Standardized Rating Scales for the Assessment of Health Anxiety
    Simi-structure interview
    Whitley index 7
    Health Anxiety Inventory (51)
    Illness Attitudes Scale (9,51– 53)
    Co-morbidity

    • Somatic symptom disorder SSD


    • Depression
    • General anxiety disorder GAD
    • Conversion disorder
    Between 20% and 30% patients with health anxiety also fulfill criteria of for other
    comorbid somatoform or functional disorder.
    Differential Diagnostics

    • Somatic symptom disorder SDD


    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder OCD
    • Psychosis
    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD
    • Body dysmorphic disorder BDD
    Treatment Options

    • Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a successful treatment for Illness anxiety.


    • Several different types of protocols were examined in the CBT studies
    • cognitive therapy with or without exposure exercises
    • exposure and response prevention
    • stress management
    • mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy.
    • discover new ways of understanding their bodily sensations, in order to reduce
    suffering, improve functioning, and increase overall quality of life
    Discussion

    • lack of scientific research and articles about symptoms and treatment of the
    disorder.
    • CBT is the most widely used and well-researched treatment for health anxiety.
    • More study is needed to establish the most effective techniques for motivating
    individuals to enter treatment and to enhance treatment outcomes for those
    who do.
    • In Kurdistan we have problem with IAD diagnosis, according to the researchers
    experience there is a lack case diagnose with IAD, otherwise somatic symptoms
    disorder is more common than Illness anxiety disorder.
    References
    • Abramowitz, J. S., & Braddock, A. E. (2011). Hypochondriasis and Health Anxiety. Hogrefe
    Publishing.
    • American Psychiatric Association. (2013a). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
    (Fifth Edition). American Psychiatric Association.
    https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
    • Axelsson, E., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2019). Cognitive behavior therapy for health anxiety:
    Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and health economic outcomes. Expert
    Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research, 19(6), 663–676.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/14737167.2019.1703182
    • Bailer, J., Kerstner, T., Witthöft, M., Diener, C., Mier, D., & Rist, F. (2016). Health anxiety and
    hypochondriasis in the light of DSM-5. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 29(2), 219–239.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2015.1036243
    • Fallon, B. A., Ahern, D. K., Pavlicova, M., Slavov, I., Skritskya, N., & Barsky, A. J. (2017). A
    Randomized Controlled Trial of Medication and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for
    Hypochondriasis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(8), 756–764.
    https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16020189
    • French, J. H., & Hameed, S. (2021). Illness Anxiety Disorder. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554399
    • Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2019). The Clinician’s Guide to Treating Health Anxiety: Diagnosis, Mechanisms, and Effective
    Treatment. Academic Press.
    • Higgins-Chen, A. T., Abdallah, S. B., Dwyer, J. B., Kaye, A. P., Angarita, G. A., & Bloch, M. H. (2019). Severe Illness
    Anxiety Treated by Integrating Inpatient Psychotherapy With Medical Care and Minimizing Reassurance. Frontiers
    in Psychiatry, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00150
    • Khare, S., & Srivastava, M. N. (2017). Validity of Current Treatment Protocols to Overcome Hypochondriasis.
    Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR, 11(1), VE01– VE04.
    https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/22509.9262
    • Newby, J. M., Hobbs, M. J., Mahoney, A. E. J., Wong, S. K., & Andrews, G. (2017). DSM-5 illness anxiety disorder
    and somatic symptom disorder: Comorbidity, correlates, and overlap with DSM-IV hypochondriasis. Journal of
    Psychosomatic Research, 101, 31–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.07.010
    • Scarella, T. M., Boland, R. J., & Barsky, A. J. (2019a). Illness Anxiety Disorder: Psychopathology, Epidemiology,
    Clinical Characteristics, and Treatment. Psychosomatic Medicine, 81(5), 398–407.
    https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000691
    • Starcevic, V., & Noyes (Jr.), R. (2014). Hypochondriasis and Health Anxiety: A Guide for Clinicians. Oxford University
    Press
    • Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2017). Treatment of Health Anxiety. In The Wiley Handbook of Obsessive
    Compulsive Disorders (pp. 977–989). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118890233.ch55
    • Weck, F., Neng, J. M. B., Göller, K., & Müller-Marbach, A. M. (2014). Previous Experiences With Illness and
    Traumatic Experiences: A Specific Risk Factor For Hypochondriasis? Psychosomatics, 55(4), 362–371.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2013.10.005
    • Why the onset of this disorder is more common in adulthood?

    • Why most of the studies didn’t mention the generic factors as risk factor for IAD?

    You might also like