The assumptions made are that the transformer is ideal with 100% efficiency and no energy losses.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 20
THE TRANSFORMER
Name: _______________________ ( ) Class:
Transformer Transformer is a device that changes a high alternating voltage at low current to a low alternating voltage at high current or vice-versa. Working Principle of Transformer Transformer transfers electrical energy supplied from the primary coil to the secondary coil by electromagnetic induction between the two coils. Structure of Transformer Parts of the transformer: 1. Primary coil 2. Secondary coil 3. Laminated soft iron core 4. The primary and secondary coils are wound round the laminated soft iron core. Functions 1. Soft Iron Core: to link the magnetic fields produced by the primary coil to the secondary coil. Functions
2. Laminated Iron Core:
to reduce the eddy current induced in the iron core. The current created in the iron coil is known as eddy current. Represent a wastage. Functions
3. Alternating Current: We can connect an Alternating Current supply to the primary coil. The a.c. will create a continually changing magnetic field which will induce a current in the secondary coil. Transformer For an ideal transformer, (no energy loss), the input power is equal to the output power. This is by Principle of Energy Conservation. Input Power = Output Power IpVp = IsVs since Power = IV where I is current and V is voltage Transformer Vs Ns Vp Np Vs is secondary output voltage (induced e.m.f.) Vp is primary input voltage Ns is the number of turns in the secondary coil Np is the number of turns in the primary coil Example An ideal transformer is operating from a 12V supply. It has 400 turns on the primary coil and 2400 turns on the secondary coil. Calculate the output voltage of the transformer. Explain which feature of the transformer makes it possible to achieve almost 100% efficiency. Example A device operates at 6V and has a power rating of 4W. It is connected to a 240V A.C. supply, using a suitable transformer. (a) If the primary coil has 4000 turns, how many turns are there on the secondary coil? (b) Calculate the current flowing in the primary coil. (c) State any assumption you made. Types of Transformer 2 types: Step-Up Transformer (To increase the Voltage in the secondary coil) Step-Down Transformer (To reduce the Voltage in the secondary coil) Step-Up Transformer Step-Up Secondary voltage Vs is bigger than the Primary voltage Vp. Number of turns in the secondary coil Ns is more than the number of turns in the primary coil Step-Up Transformer Step-Down Transformer Step-Down Secondary voltage Vs is smaller than the Primary voltage Vp. Number of turns in the secondary coil Ns is lesser than the number of turns in the primary coil Step-Down Transformer Example A certain transformer has 4000 turns on the primary and 200 turns on the secondary . The transformer was used to operate a device which drew a current of 0.5A. If the supply voltage to the transformer was 240V, calculate: (i) the output voltage, (ii) the current flowing in the primary. State the assumptions made in your calculation. Example Part (I) Output Voltage: Np/ Ns = Vp / Vs Vs = (240 x 200) / 4000 = 12 V Example Part (II) The current flowing in the primary: Assume efficiency = 100 % (Ideal Transformer) VpIp = VsIs Ip = (12 x 0.5) / 240 = 0.025 A
