Watershed Management

WATERSHED
MANAGEMENT
WATERSHED
 Watershed is an area which
drains the rainwater at a common
point is called outlet.
 Watershed can be defined as

the catchment area of a particular
stream or river. thus, the area
enclosed within the watershed
line is knows as watershed area.
Development of watershed management
 Development of watershed is the development & optimal

utilization of natural resources of the area on sustainable
basis for the benefit of living beings.
 For planning, designing & execution of watershed

development projects, the major works involved is in
construction of soil and water conservation structures.
Principle of watershed management
 Watershed should be in natural form.
 Watershed management should be on multi-disciplinary.
A strong framework should be support the watershed

management, in proper way.
 The utilization of land resource should be based on its capability.
 The silting of farm pond/tanks, reservoirs should be checked.

Necessity of watershed management
 Increase the ground water potential of land in particular
watershed area.
 Increase the agricultural output & economical condition of

the farmer village level.
 Conserve and increase ground cover by different grasses and

trees.
 Prevent the soil and water erosion tendency in particular

watershed area.
 Construct the different bunds for conservation of soil
and water.
 Prevent the overgrazing and deforestation to maintain

ecological balance in particular watershed area.
 The ultimate aim of watershed development is to

maintain the healthy environment in watershed area.
Conservation of Land
 Formation of 2 to 3 cm thick soil layer it takes thousands

of years, but to demolish this layer one heavy rain is
sufficient.
 Soil erosion in general means detachment and transport of

soil and soil material by water, wind, ice or gravity.
 The main reasons of soil erosion are deforestation ,shifting

cultivation ,absence of drainage facilities and lack of
proper management.
Conservation of Water :
 Conservation of water means stopping the flowing water at

proper place, allowing it to percolate and using it properly
and optimally.
 Conservation of water is very important to know about aerial

extent, the magnitude and intensity of rainfall and amount of
runoff, for deciding a particular conservation technique.
 Depending upon the local topographical condition, amount

and type of rainfall, climate condition one of the following
structure is constructed for conservation of water.
Structure constructed for conservation of
water :
 Kolhapur type weir

 Check dam
 Diversion weir
 Gully plug
 Barrage
 Nalla bunding
 Percolation tank
In watershed management conservation of land and water both
are of most important. The watershed management may be done
by the following measures.
1. Control of cultivation in catchment area :
Cultivation should be carried out in control condition by using
bunds at frequent interval so that the loose soil is not washed out
by rain water.
2. Contour bunds :
Along the slopes of the hilly

catchment area, counter bunds
should be constructed at
different levels. The ditch
should be excavated
towards higher level and
excavated soil should be
dumped in front of ditch
having lower elevation.
3 . Small dams :
Small dams should be

constructed on small stream
and river to form small
reservoir to trap, arrest
Sediment and stored the
water.
4. Slip stabilization :
The slip or land slides in the catchment rest should be
found out, these can be avoided by tree plantation on
sloping area.
5. Soil conservation :
Effective soil conservation

method should be adopted .
increase ground cover by
different grasses and trees.
6. Use of local materials and skills :
Locally available materials and skills should be used for
construction of different structures.
It reduced cost of construction

and quality of output is
improved due to involvement
of the local people. Afterwards
these structures can be maintained
by local peoples.
REFERENCES :
 Page No. 992, Soil and Water Conservation

Engineering, Suresh R.L. (1999)
 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering,

Murty, V.V.N. (1999)
THANK YOU…..

Watershed Management

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WATERSHED

 Watershed can be defined as

 Development of watershed is the development & optimal

 For planning, designing & execution of watershed

 Watershed management should be on multi-disciplinary.

A strong framework should be support the watershed

 The utilization of land resource should be based on its capability.

 The silting of farm pond/tanks, reservoirs should be checked.

 Increase the agricultural output & economical condition of

 Conserve and increase ground cover by different grasses and

 Prevent the soil and water erosion tendency in particular

 Prevent the overgrazing and deforestation to maintain

 The ultimate aim of watershed development is to

 Formation of 2 to 3 cm thick soil layer it takes thousands

 Soil erosion in general means detachment and transport of

 The main reasons of soil erosion are deforestation ,shifting

 Conservation of water means stopping the flowing water at

 Conservation of water is very important to know about aerial

 Depending upon the local topographical condition, amount

 Kolhapur type weir

Along the slopes of the hilly

Small dams should be

Effective soil conservation

It reduced cost of construction

 Page No. 992, Soil and Water Conservation

 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering,

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