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    Unit Circle and Radians

    Uploaded by

    Shraddha Nayak

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Unit Circle and Radians

    Uploaded by

    Shraddha Nayak
    62 views17 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    62 views17 pages

    Unit Circle and Radians

    Uploaded by

    Shraddha Nayak

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 17

    Unit C ir cle a n d Ra d ia ns

    1 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Information

    2 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Angles in standard position

    An angle on the coordinate plane is in standard position if:


    ● the origin is the vertex of the angle
    ● and the positive x-axis is one ray of the angle.

    The ray on the x-axis is


    the initial side.
    θ The other ray is the
    terminal side terminal side.
    initial side
    Angles are measured as
    counterclockwise rotations.
    A negative angle indicates
    a clockwise rotation.

    3 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Standard position practice

    4 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Unit circle and right triangles

    The unit circle on the coordinate plane is the circle formed by


    all the points at 1 unit distance from the origin.
    For any point P(x, y) on the
    unit circle, there is a right
    triangle with the radius as its
    hypotenuse and a section of
    the x-axis as one leg.
    The acute angle α between the radius
    and the x-axis is called the reference
    angle or associated angle for the
    angle θ in standard position.
    When is α identical with θ?
    When α is in standard position (when P is in the first quadrant.)
    5 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    The three trigonometric ratios

    6 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Trigonometry on the unit circle

    Consider the right triangle formed along the x-axis with a vertex
    at the origin and a vertex at a point P(x, y) on the unit circle in
    the first quadrant.
    What are the trigonometric ratios for the angle at
    the origin, θ, in terms of x and y?
    y adjacent leg = x
    1
    opposite leg = y
    P(x, y) hypotenuse = radius, r = 1
    hypotenuse r cosθ = x/r = x
    opposite sinθ = y/r = y
    θ
    tanθ = y/x
    adjacent 1 x

    7 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Trigonometric functions

    For any angle θ, the trigonometric functions are defined:

    sinθ = y/r cosθ = x/r tanθ = y/x

    where x and y are the coordinates of any point P(x, y) on the


    terminal ray of the angle θ when it is in standard position, and
    r is the distance from the origin to P.

    1 In particular, if P is on the unit circle:


    P(x, y)
    sinθ = y
    r
    θ cosθ = x
    1
    tanθ = y/x

    8 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Quadrants

    9 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Quadrant practice

    10 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Practice

    11 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Arc length and angle

    What is the length of an arc on the unit circle if it is


    intercepted by a 90° angle?
    total circumference = 2πr = 2π
    90° 90° π
    arc length = 2π =
    360° 2
    1
    The length of an arc on the unit circle
    intercepted by an angle is called the
    radian measure of that angle.
    1 radian is the angle intercepted by an arc the same length as
    the radius. 2π radians is a full turn.

    angle in degrees
    angle in radians = π
    180°
    12 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Radian measurements

    13 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Special triangles

    What are the leg lengths in a 45°-45° triangle


    with hypotenuse of length 1?
    12 = x2 + x2 45°
    x 1
    The angles are 12 = 2x2
    √2
    congruent so the legs 1
    ⁄2
    ⁄2 = x 2
    are equal in length. 1
    45°
    ⁄√2 = x
    √2
    ⁄2 = x
    √2
    ⁄2 x

    What are the leg lengths in a 30°-60° triangle


    with hypotenuse of length 1?
    12 = (1⁄2)2 + y2 30° 30° 1
    Draw as half of an 1
    equilateral triangle. 1 – ( 1 ⁄ 4 ) = y2 y √3
    ⁄2
    Then the side
    3
    ⁄4 = y2 60° 60°
    adjacent to 60° is 1⁄2. √(3⁄4) = y2 1
    ⁄2 1 1
    ⁄2
    √3
    ⁄2 = y
    14 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Special points in the unit circle

    15 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Sin, cos and tan of 30°, 45° and 60°

    The exact values of the sine, cosine and tangent of angles


    between 0° and 90° can be summarized as follows:

    π π π π
    0° 0 30° 45° 60° 90°
    6 4 3 2
    1 √2 √3
    sin 0 1
    2 2 2
    √3 √2 1
    cos 1 2 0
    2 2

    0 √3
    tan 1 √3 undefined
    3

    16 of 17 © Boardworks 2013
    Exact trigonometric ratios

    Write the following ratios exactly:

    5π 1 7π
    1) cos = 2) tan = –1
    3 2 4

    5π 11π 1
    3) tan = 1 4) sin– =
    4 6 2

    π √3 3π
    5) cos– = 6) tan– = 1
    6 2 4

    7π 1 7π √2
    7) sin = – 8) cos =
    6 2 4 2

    17 of 17 © Boardworks 2013

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