The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms. The key points are:
1) The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral from 0 to infinity of e^-st f(t) dt.
2) Laplace transforms are linear, so the transform of af(t) + bg(t) is aL[f(t)] + bL[g(t)].
3) The inverse Laplace transform can recover the original function f(t) from its transform F(s). Convolutions and integrals of functions can also be analyzed using Laplace transforms.
The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms. The key points are:
1) The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral from 0 to infinity of e^-st f(t) dt.
2) Laplace transforms are linear, so the transform of af(t) + bg(t) is aL[f(t)] + bL[g(t)].
3) The inverse Laplace transform can recover the original function f(t) from its transform F(s). Convolutions and integrals of functions can also be analyzed using Laplace transforms.
The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms. The key points are:
1) The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral from 0 to infinity of e^-st f(t) dt.
2) Laplace transforms are linear, so the transform of af(t) + bg(t) is aL[f(t)] + bL[g(t)].
3) The inverse Laplace transform can recover the original function f(t) from its transform F(s). Convolutions and integrals of functions can also be analyzed using Laplace transforms.
The document provides an introduction to Laplace transforms. The key points are:
1) The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral from 0 to infinity of e^-st f(t) dt.
2) Laplace transforms are linear, so the transform of af(t) + bg(t) is aL[f(t)] + bL[g(t)].
3) The inverse Laplace transform can recover the original function f(t) from its transform F(s). Convolutions and integrals of functions can also be analyzed using Laplace transforms.
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CHAPTER 6
Laplace Transforms 6.1 Introduction to Laplace Transform Definition of Laplace Transform
Let f (t ) be a function defined for t 0 , and let s denote an arbitrary real
variable. Then the integral
L f (t ) 0 e st f (t )dt F ( s ) is said to be the Laplace transform of f (t ) , provided the integral converges. Theorem 6.1 Linearity of Laplace Transforms
Let f (t ) and g (be
t ) any functions whose Laplace transforms exist,
and let a and b be any constants. Then
L af (t ) bg (t ) aL f (t ) bL g (t ) Theorem 6.2 Existence Theorem for Laplace Transforms
The Laplace transform of a function f (t ) exists if f (t ) is
piecewise continuous and of exponential order on t 0 .
6.2 Inverse Transforms If L f (t ),then F (s) . L 1 F ( s ) f (t )
Linearity of Inverse Transforms:
L 1 aF ( s) bG ( s) aL F (s) bL G ( s) 1 1 6.3 Transforms of Derivatives and Initial-Value Problems Theorem 6.3 Transforms of Derivatives
are of exponential order and continuous on 0,
( n 1) If f , f ,..., f
and if f ( n ) (t ) is piecewise continuous on 0, , then
L f ( n ) (t ) s n F ( s ) s n1 f (0) s n2 f (0) ... f ( n1) (0)
where F ( s ) L f (t ) Initial-Value Problems Initial-value problem in terms of y(t) and its derivatives
Laplace transform Algebraic equation in Y(s)
Solve for Y(s)
Inverse Laplace transform
Desired solution, y(t)
6.4 Operational Properties Translation on the s-axis
Theorem 6.4 s-Translation Theorem
If L f (t ) F ( s)and ais any real number, then
L e at f (t ) F ( s a )
Inverse Form of the s-Translation Theorem
L 1 F ( s a ) e at f (t ) Translation on the t-axis
The unit step function u (t a ) is defined to be
0, 0 t a u (t a ) 1, ta Theorem 6.5 t-Translation Theorem If L f (t ) F ( s ) and a 0 , then L f (t a)u (t a ) e as F ( s )
Alternative form of the t-translation theorem:
L g (t )u (t a) e as L g (t a)
Inverse form of the t-translation theorem:
L 1 e as F ( s ) f (t a )u (t a ) Theorem 6.6 Derivatives of a Transform
If L f (t ) F ( s) and n 1, 2,3,... , then
n d L t n f (t ) 1 n
ds n F ( s) 6.5 TRANSFORMS OF PIECEWISE CONTINUOUS, PERIODIC AND DIRAC DELTA FUNCTIONS Piecewise Continuous Function Define a piecewise continuous function f (t )as f1 (t ), 0 t t1 f (t ), t t t 2 1 2 f (t ) f n (t ), t tn
In terms of the unit step function, f (t ) can be expressed in a single form as:
f (t ) f1 (t ) u (t 0) u (t t1 ) f 2 (t ) u (t t1 ) u (t t 2 ) ... f n (t )u (t t n )
where u (t 0) 1. Theorem 6.7 Transform of a Periodic Function
Let f (t ) be a periodic function with period T , and that f (t ) is piecewise
continuous on 0, . The Laplace transform of f (t ) is given by
1 T L f (t ) 0 e st f (t )dt 1 e sT
Alternatively, 1 L f (t ) sT L h(t ) 1 e
where h(t ) is the function f (t ) specified over one period only and zero elsewehere. The Dirac Delta Function Let k (t t0 ) represents an impulsive force being distributed over some
brief time interval, 2k.
0, 0 t t 0 k k (t t0 ) 1 / 2k , t 0 k t t0 k 0, t t0 k
The Dirac delta function is defined as (t t0 ) lim k (t t0 )
k 0
The Laplace transform of the Dirac delta function is L (t t0 ) e st 0
6.6 CONVOLUTION Convolution
Let f (t ) and g (t ) be piecewise-continuous functions for t 0 . The
convolution of f (t ) and g (t ) , is defined by the integral
t f (t ) g (t ) f ( ) g (t )d 0 Theorem 6.8 Convolution
If f (t ) and g (t ) are piecewise continuous functions on t 0 and of
exponential order, then L f (t ) g (t ) L f (t ) L g (t )
