One people – One goal – One faith

REPUBLIC OF SENEGAL
BACHELOR IN COMPUTER SCIENCE STUDIES
IPG – ISTI

TOPIC: THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

HOSTED BY MOUHAMADOU MOUSTAPHA SAMBE

SUPERVISED BY MR SAMBE, TEACHER OF ENGLISH
ACADEMIC YEAR: 2020 - 2021
Summary
Introduction
I. Definition
II. History of the programming languages
III. Why we need programming languages
IV. Benefits of programming languages
V. Types of programming languages
VI. Difference between programming and scripting
Conclusion
Introduction
Programming languages ​are around 60 years old today, as the "real" first computer programming languages ​date
back to the 1950s. With the development of the Internet and computer resources, computer languages ​are ubiquitous
whether we know it or not. , they have grown and continue to evolve. We found it useful to provide a bit of culture
and perspective to look at the next 50 years. However, these languages are often confused with the human languages
which are used by the people to interact between them.

Throughout my talk I will try to develop the term programming language. So we will start by giving its fundamental
definition as well as that of certain concepts which are related to it, Then we will talk about the history of
programming languages. Then, we will show why we need programming languages ​and their advantages. And finally
we will carry out a classification of the programming languages ​by showing the difference between certain languages,
before concluding.
I. Definition
A programming language is a communication code, allowing a human being to interact with a machine by
submitting instructions to it and analyzing the hardware data provided by the system, usually a computer.
The language allows the person who writes a program to ignore certain internal mechanisms, generally
activations and deactivations of electronic switches, which lead to the desired result. The activity of writing
the source code of a program is called programming. It consists of the implementation of techniques for
writing and solving computer algorithms, which are based on mathematics. As such, a programming
language is distinguished from mathematical language by its operational aim (a function and by extension,
a program, must return a value), so that a "programming language is always a compromise between the
power of 'expression and the possibility of execution. “
A programming language is a formal language comprising a set of strings that produce various kinds
of machine code output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to
implement algorithms.
II. History of the programming languages

It all started in 1950s with some languages like Lisp,

The following shows the evolution of the programming languages:
1950s: Lisp, Cobol,
1960s: Apl, Basic,
1970s: Pascal, C, Ada,
1980s: Dbase, C++, Eiffel, Perl,
1990s: Javascript, Php ,Mysql, VisualBasic,
2000s: Java, Delphi, Perl, C#,
2010s: Matlab, Scilab, R, Ruby, Python,
III. Why we need programming languages

To the beginner, this question seems a little odd, because after all, the goal of programming is to write a program (a
series of instructions) that conforms to its specification, namely that the program does what it does. must do.
However, the answer is not that simple. The programming has several objectives:
the program must be correct (according to its specification),
it must be efficient (use efficient algorithms),
it must be maintainable and reusable,
it should be easy to use (not to be confused with `` easy to understand ''),
it must have a low creation cost,
it must contain as few defects as possible (high quality),
it should take little time to write.
These objectives are often contradictory. Methods for determining a reasonable compromise are studied by the
discipline of computer science called software engineering
IV. Benefits of programming languages

The programming Language is very productive to the program, It is very amazing to program if you
understand it, You can get the money especially if you can build the website or in making a good application,
It is very easy to program once you know the syntax of the programming language, and you will get new
showcases in your work.
The programming codes are the instructions that are used to tell the computer what to do, Most programming
languages are fairly easy to learn and use, You can make superb websites, All the websites and the
applications started with a little code and then progressed over the time, and they can make you rich.
They allow simple creation and editing in the variety of text editors, They help you add dynamic and
interactive activities to the web pages, You can edit and run the code very fast , You will get better at
coding/programming over time, They help you perform the complex tasks in relatively few steps, and they
need minimum programming knowledge or experience.
The programming languages differ from the natural languages in that the natural languages are only used for
interaction between the people, while they allow the humans to communicate the instructions to the machines.
V. Classificationof programming
languages
VI. Difference between programming and
scripting
For your information, to make the programs like Microsoft Word, Excel, Internet Browsers, etc. the
programming languages are written. These languages include C, C++, Java, etc. The coding of these
programs needed to be formed in the way that the user can easily create or add new functionality to them.
For this, a proper bytecode was needed to create the clear and right interface. This need led to the invention
(born) of the scripting language.
In a simple manner, a programming language is an artificial language which allows communicating
between instructions and machine (computer) while a scripting language is a form of programming
language which helps to control one or multiple applications without the need of compilation.
Conclusion
Translating an algorithm in the form of a program written in a programming language makes it possible to
kind of bring it to life; because the program can be executed by a machine, after compilation into the
language of it. It is therefore essential to approach the notion of programming language when we are
interested incomputing.
In conclusion, Knowing and understanding a diverse set of different programming languages ​will also allow
you to fully understand how the different languages ​work together and the role of each in a website, giving
you a much better overview and a much better understanding. approach to code in your future projects.