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Ics-Slide5-Flowchart and Pseudocode

Here is the flowchart to print the multiplication table of 5: Start → Input N → i = 1 → Print 5 * i → i = i + 1 → If i <= N → Go to print step → Else → Stop The key steps are: 1. Input the highest number N for which we want to print the table 2. Initialize a counter i = 1 3. Print the multiplication 5 * i 4. Increment the counter i = i + 1 5. Check if i is less than or equal to N using a loop condition 6. If true, go to print step, else stop.

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mahbub mitul
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
69 views

Ics-Slide5-Flowchart and Pseudocode

Here is the flowchart to print the multiplication table of 5: Start → Input N → i = 1 → Print 5 * i → i = i + 1 → If i <= N → Go to print step → Else → Stop The key steps are: 1. Input the highest number N for which we want to print the table 2. Initialize a counter i = 1 3. Print the multiplication 5 * i 4. Increment the counter i = i + 1 5. Check if i is less than or equal to N using a loop condition 6. If true, go to print step, else stop.

Uploaded by

mahbub mitul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 48

Flowchart and Pseudocode

Instructor: Khushnur Binte Jahangir


Programming
• A typical programming task can be divided into
two phases:
 Problem solving phase
 produce an ordered sequence of steps that
describe solution of problem
 this sequence of steps is called an algorithm
 Implementation phase
 implement the program in some programming
language
Understanding the Program
Development Cycle

• Program development cycle


– Understand the problem
– Plan the logic
– Code the program
– Use software (a compiler) to translate the program into machine
language
– Execute/run the program

3
Using Pseudocode Statements
and Flowchart Symbols

• When we solve a problem there are some logical steps that


we follow
• Pseudocode
– English-like representation of those logical steps
• Flowchart
– Pictorial representation of those logical steps
– emphasizes individual steps and their interconnections

4
Writing Pseudocode

• Pseudocode representation of a number-doubling problem


start
input myNumber
set myAnswer = myNumber * 2
output myAnswer
stop

5
Example
• Example : Write a pseudocode to determine a
student’s final grade and indicate whether it is
passing or failing. The final grade is calculated as
the average of four marks.
Pseudocode
Pseudocode:
start
Input a set of 4 marks
Calculate their average by summing and dividing by 4
if average is below 50
Print “FAIL”
else
Print “PASS”
stop
Flowchart
Using Flowchart Symbols

• Input symbol
o Indicates input operation
o Parallelogram

9
Using Flowchart Symbols

• Processing symbol
o Processing statements such as
arithmetic
o Rectangle

10
Using Flowchart Symbols

• Output symbol
o Represents output statements
o Parallelogram

11
Drawing Flowcharts (continued)
• Flowlines
– Arrows that connect steps
• Terminal symbols
– Start/stop symbols
– Shaped like a racetrack

12
Flowchart Symbols and Pseudocode Statements

Flowchart and pseudocode of program that doubles a number


13
Flowchart
Problem
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart to find the
summation of two numbers.
Flowchart: Adding Two Numbers
Pseudocode

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input first number A
Step 3 : Input second number B
Step 4 : Add the two numbers and
store it in total
Step 5 : Print Total
Step 6 : Stop

12-Feb-15 16
Problem
Write a pseudocode and draw a flowchart that
will read the two sides of a rectangle and
calculate its area.
Solution
• . Start

Pseudocode

Input W,L Step 1 : Start


Step 2 : Input W,L
Step 3 : [Compute] A= W * L
Step 4 : Print A
A = W*L Step 5 : Stop

Output A

End
Problem
• Write a pseudocode and flowchart to find the
area of a square.
Flowchart: Calculating area of a square

Start Pseudocode

Step 1 : Start
Input x Step 2 : Read value for x (side)
Step 3 : [Compute] Area = x * x
Step 4 : Output Area
Step 5 : Stop
Area = x*x

Output Area

End
20
Problem
Write a flowchart and pseudocode to find the
average of three numbers.
Flowchart: Find the average of three numbers

Flowchart Pseudocode

12-Feb-15 22
Understanding the Three Basic Structures
• Structure
– Basic unit of programming logic
– Sequence
• Perform actions in order
• No branching or skipping any task
– Selection (decision)
• Ask a question, take one of two actions
• Dual-alternative or single-alternative ifs
– Loop
• Repeat actions based on answer to a question
23
Understanding the Three Basic Structures

Sequence structure

24
Understanding the Three Basic Structures
(continued)

Selection structure

25
Understanding the Three Basic Structures
(continued)
• Dual-alternative if
– Contains two alternatives
– If-then-else structure
if someCondition is true then
do oneProcess
else
do theOtherProcess

26
Understanding the Three Basic Structures
(continued)
• Single-alternative if
if student answers the bonus questions correctly
then add extra 5 marks

– Else clause is not required


• null case
– Situation where nothing is done

27
Understanding the Three Basic Structures
(continued)

Single-alternative selection structure

28
Flow chart to find the larger of two numbers.
Pseudocode

Step1: Start
Step 2: Enter two numbers A and B
Step 3: Check if A is greater than B if yes go to
Step 4 else go to Step 5
Step 4: Print A is greater than B
Step 5: Check if B is greater than A if yes go to
Step 6 else go to Step 7
Step 6: Print B is greater than A
Step 7: Print A is equal to B
Step 8: Stop

29
Problem
• Draw a flowchart to find out if a number is
even or odd.
Solution

yes no
Problem
Draw a flow chart to find out if a number is
divisible by 5 or not?
.
Start

Input x

no x MOD 5 == yes
0?

Output “Not Output


Divisible by “Divisible by
5” 5”

End
Start
Decision Problem# 3

Input
x,y,z

no yes
Is y > z Is x > y Is x > z

yes no no yes

Output z

Output y Output x

End
Repetition in programming
• Sometimes we have to repeat some tasks in a
program
• Example: adding the same number multiple
times
• This is called a repetition
Loop Structure
• Loop structure
– Repeats a set of actions based on the answer to a
question
• Loop body
– Also called repetition or iteration
– Question is asked first in the most common form
of loop
– while … for
Loop Structure
Example
sum = 0
for i = 1 to 100
sum = sum + I
What are we trying to do?
Example
• while testCondition continues
to be true
do someProcess

• while temperature is high


keep the cooler running
Example

What is the output if n = 3?

The trick is to keep track


Continue..
What is the output if n = 3?

i sum
- 0
1 1
2 3
3 6
4 6
Example
Example
Find the output for n=4
Practice problem

Find the output sum when


N=128
Practice Problem
Draw a flow chart to print the number from 1 to
N.
Practice Problem
• Draw a flow chart to print the multiplication
table of 5.
• For example: 5 * 1=5
• 5* 2=10
• 5*3=15
• .
• .

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