Citation & Referencing Tools

Welcome
Research Methodology
Citations & Referencing Tools
04/03/2022
Literature
• Research requires engagement with literature at
each and every stage starting from exploring the
topic to submission of the paper / theses /
report.
• Researchers gather a huge amount of literature
in the research.
• Making literature manageable involves assessing
their relevance, systematically keeping track of
the sources, and maintaining notes / annotations
Managing Literature
• Systematic gathering of sources:
• Using proper tools to gather literature
(Google Scholar, Journal Databases, …)
• Creating bibliographic records.
• Organizing by topic, subject, research
area.
Managing Literature
• Annotations / Notes:
• Incorporates the following:
• Author
• Summary
• Critical comments
• Notes on relevance
Referencing
• What is it?
• It is a method used by the researchers to
demonstrate that they have conducted a
thorough and appropriate literature search, and
reading.
• To accurately acknowledge other people's work
and ideas, you need to use a referencing style.
• There are many types of referencing style such as
Chicago Style APA, MLA, MPA, IEEE,….
Referencing
• Need for referencing:
• Accurate referencing reflects good academic
practice and enhances the presentation of your
work.
• It shows that your writing is based on knowledge
and informed by appropriate academic reading.
• It helps trace the sources you have used in the
development of your work.
• If you do not acknowledge another writer's work
or ideas, you could be accused of plagiarism
How to Reference
• You can give the source of your ideas in 3 ways:
– Quoting
– Summarizing
– Paraphrasing
• All three should contain an in-text reference including:
– the author's family name
– the date of publication
– the page number(s); e.g. Yule (3)
• All three should have a reference in the bibliography.
Citing & Referencing in APA Style
Citing & Referencing in APA Style
In-Text Citation in APA
• The basic citation that you will use most of
the time:
• (Surname, Year)
• Recent research in artificial intelligence
(Ahmed, 2018) has shown that …..
• … as shown in its annual report (WHO,
2016) ….
In-Text Citation in APA
• If you have used the name of the author with
the sentence, take it out of the brackets:
• (Year)
• In her recent study, Salma (2019) found
that ….
• …as WFP’s annual report showed (2020)
….
Citing Multiple Authors
• Include all names in the in-text citation:
• (surname1 & surname2, Year)
• This important discovery (Ahmed & Asli, 2019)
indicates that ….
• For works with three to five authors, include all names
in the first time, but use et al. for next citations
• (surname1, surname2, & surname3, Year)
• In a survey (Ahmed, Jama & Salad, 2020)….
• Then: (surname1 et al., Year)
• This survey (Ahmed et al., 2020) was later…
No date available
• If you don’t know the year of the publication, you can
write n.d.
• (surname, n.d,)
• The report (Ali, n.d.) showed that….
Quotations
• Short quotations are enclosed in quotation marks.
• Grubby-Plank (2014) states that ‘a good
blastended skrewt is a dead blast-ended skrewt’.
• Longer quotations are separated from the text.
• Scamander (2001, p. 35) in discussing the
Common Welsh Green states that
“This dragon blends well with the lush grass of
its homeland, though it nests in the higher
mountains, where a reservation has been
established for its preservation".
Secondary Reference
• To cite a document cited in another one,
use the phrase “as cited in” and give the
page number.
• There was further evidence to support
researchers’ views on genetic
abnormalities in frogs through
Kettleburn’s work (as cited in Hagrid,
2007, p.82)
Referencing Articles
• Surname, I. (YEAR). Title of the article. Name of the
Journal, Volume(Issue), xx-xx.
• Dumbledore, A. (1943). Twelve uses of dragon blood.
International Journal of Transfiguration, 135(2), 22-
47
• You can also add the DOI (Digital Object Identifier) at
the end of the reference.
• Horch, E.P. and Zhou, J. (2012). Charge-coupled
device speckle observations of binary stars.
Astronomical Journal, 136, 312-322. doi:
10.1088/0004-6256/136/1/312
Referencing Web Page
• Surname, I. (YEAR) Title of the web page.
Retrieved from URL.
• Rowling, J.K. (n.d.) How the wizarding world
works. Retrieved from
https://www.pottermore.com/ collection/jk-
rowling-how-the-wizarding-worldworks
Reference Management Tools
Problem statement…
Your topic:
Your paper
article
article
article
article
citations
• Lots of typing
book
book • Lost references
• Mistakes
conference reference list/bibliography
conference
conference
paper
paper
paper
Use a reference management tool!
article
article
article
article Your article
citations
book
book Zotero
conference reference list/bibliography

conference
paper
conference
paper
paper
Reference management tools
• Tools that help scholars to create and manage their
lists of references for research projects.
• They organize citations into specific formats for the
preparation of manuscripts and bibliographies.
• Many search tools provide ways to download
references into reference management tools.
• It makes it easier to automatically switch to different
citation styles (e.g. Vancouver to MLA or APA)
• You can sync saved references across multiple
devices
Software options
Free
Subscription
• Zotero is a free (open source)
reference management tool
• To download and install Zotero go to:
http://www.zotero.org
Downloading Zotero
Left column Middle column Right column
To organize your references by topic, you need to
create a collection for that specific topic. Within
Zotero’s My Library, click on the New Collection icon
in the left column.
A box will appear prompting you to name your new
collection. Enter a name for the collection and click
OK. Your collection will appear in the left column.
Adding citations to Zotero
• You can add citations to your library
in several ways:
– Manually enter citation information
– Import citation information from a website
– Import citation from PDF
– Add an item by identifier (ISBN, DOI or PMID)
Adding items manually
To add a citation manually in Zotero, click on the New Item icon in the middle column.
In the drop-down menu that appears, select the type of item you want to add. Note
that the diabetes and developing countries collection has been opened.
In the right column, you will find fields that
are specific to the type of item you selected.
Fill in those fields required for your item.
Now displayed is the More
drop down menu for adding
items manually. Note the
extensive list of types of
items that can be added.
Adding Items by Identifier
Another way to add a new item is by clicking on the

Add Item by Identifier option of Zotero. Enter an ISBN,
DOI or PMID (PubMed ID). Zotero will look up the
information and import it into your library/collection.
Adding items from web sources
Before importing bibliographic data from a web page to
a specific Zotero collection, first select that collection
(in the left pane). Now selected is the collection
diabetes and developing countries.
Adding items from web sources
Word Processor Integration
The key Zotero options for word processing are listed on this page.
• Zotero Add Citation/Edit Citation
• Zotero Insert Bibliography/Edit Bibliography
• Zotero Document Preferences

(to change the style)
If this is the first citation to be added,
the Document Preferences window
will open. Choose the bibliographic
format you want to use (in this case
Vancouver). Finally, click on OK.
The new Z box will appear. Click on
the Classic View option. The Add/Edit
Citation window will open.
In the subsequent Add/Edit
Citation window, highlight the
citation you want as a reference.
Add the Page # and click on
OK.
We have added 3 Vancouver style
references to this document.
To create a bibliography, click on the
Add/Edit Bibliography icon. This
automatically adds the bibliography
(in the Vancouver format) to the
bottom of the document.
Now opened is the Document
Preference option. You can
change the Citation Style by
clicking on the new format.
Thank you

Citation & Referencing Tools

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Citation & Referencing Tools

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Citation & Referencing Tools

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Welcome

conference reference list/bibliography

Another way to add a new item is by clicking on the

• Zotero Add Citation/Edit Citation

• Zotero Insert Bibliography/Edit Bibliography

• Zotero Document Preferences

You might also like