HARDWARE

Creat by
IIHT CENTER , GODHRA
WHAT IS COMPUTER ?
SMd%I]8Z V[ B]AH h05YL SFI" SZT]\ .,
[S8=MGLS ;FnG K[P H[DF\ UFl6TLS T[DH TFlS"S
(Logical) SFI" SZL XSFI K[P H[DF\ n6L AnL
DFCLTLGM ;\U|C SZL XSFI K[P ;\U|C SZ[,L
DFCLTL 5FKL D[/JL XSFI K[P VG[ V[GF p5Z H[ 5|
lS|IF SZJL CMI V[ 5|lS|IF RMS;F. 5]J"S VG[ h05L
SZL XSFI K[P SMd%I]8Z V[JL ;\ZRGF K[ S[ H[DF\
Input Unit Processing Output Unit
D]bI +6 SF"I YFI K[P

VFDP SMd%I]8Z ;\U|C SZ[,L lJUTM S[ DFCLTLG]\ IMuI ZLT[ VY"n8G SZL T[GL
p5Z 5M|;[; SZLG[ h05YL VFp85]8 VF5T]\ ;FnG K[P
CHARACTERIES OF
COMPUTER
UlT (speed) :

RMS;F. VYJF RMSS;TF(Accuracy) :

:DZ6XlST(Memory Capacity) :

V[SFU|TF(Integrity) :

VM, ZFpg0Z(Versatility) :

lJ`JF;5F+TF(Reliability) :

lR+FtDS ZH]VFT (Graphical Physibility) :

•UlT sspeed) :-
Sd%I]8Z V[ B]AH h05YL SFI" SZTL .,[S8=MlGS ;\ZRGF K[P
H[ SFI" DG]QIG[ SZTF\ S,FSMGF S,FSM ,FU[ K[4 T[ H SFI" Sd%I]8Z
U6TZLGL ;[Sg0MDF\ H SZL VF5[ K[P Sd%I]8Z V[S ;[S0gDF\
,FBM VF\S0FVMGL U6TZL SZL VF5[ K[P

•RMS;F. VYJF RMSS;TF (Accuracy) :-

Sd%I]8Z wJFZF UD[ T[8,] JS" SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM 56 T[ SIFZ[I 5MTFGF\ SF
E], SZT] GYLP V[8,[ S[ T[ 5MTFGL RMS;F. HF/JL ZFB[ K[P

•:DZ6 XlST (Memory capacity) :-

Sd%I]8Z lJXF/ 5|DF6DF\ DFlCTLGM ;\U|C JQFM" ;]WL SZL XS[ K[P VF p5Z
HIFZ[vHIFZ[ ;\U|C SZ[, DFlCTLDF\YL SM. RMSS; DFlCTLGL H~lZIFT CM
T[ DFlCTLG[ U6TZLGL ;[Sg0MDF\ H D[/JL VF5[ K[P
 •V[SFU|TF (Integrity) : -
Sd%I]8Z S,FSMGF\ S,FSM ;]WL ;TT SFI" SZT]\ CMJF KTF\ T[ SIFZ[I S\8F/L HT] GY
V[8,[ S[ T[GL V[SU|TF U]DFJT]\ GYL S[ T[GL SFI" SZJFGL h05DF\ SM. O[ZOFZ YT

•VM, ZFpg0Z (Versatile) :-

Sd%I]8Z SM.56 1F[+G] SFI" NFB, SZ[, DFlCTL D]HA SZL XS[ K[P V[8,[ S[ SM.56 l
,UTL DFlCTL NFB, SZL T[ lJQFIG] SFI" SZJFDF\ VFJ[ TM Sd%I]8Z B]A H h05YL
SZL XS[ K[P

•lJ`JFX5F+TF (Reliability) :-
Sd%I]8ZDF\ ;\U|lCT DFlCTL SIFZ[I 56 UD[ T[8,F ;DI 5KL HMTF T[ T[H 5|DF6[G
D/[ K[P Z + Z G] 5lZ6FD $ H VF5[ K[P T[ l;JFIG] VF5T]\ GYL DF8[ Sd%I]8Z lJ`J

•lR+FtDS ZH}VFT (Graphical presentation) :-

d%I]8Z p5Z VF56[ H~ZLIFT D]HAGF DSFGGF %,FG4 l0hF.GM4 SF8]"G lR+M T[{IF
KLV[ P
 USE OF COMPUTER
Scientific Research Games

Business Application Education

Entertainment Accounting

Communication Engineering

Medicine Book Publishing

 PROCESS OF
COMPUTER
Processing unit

input Main memory output

Control unit

Secondary memory
 INPUT DEVICE
Sd%I}8ZDF\ H[ DFlCTL NFB, SZJFDF\ VFJ[ T[G[ Input SC[JFDF\
VFJ[ K[P Sd%I}8ZDF\ H[ Device GL DNNYL DFCLTL NFB, SZJFDF\
VFJ[ K[ T[G[ Input Device SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
Keyboard:
Keyboard V[ Input Device K[P
Keyboard GL DNNYL Sd%I}8ZDF\ DFCLTL S[ ;}RGFVM
NFB, SZL XSFI K[P

Mouse :-
VF V[S Input Device K[PT[GF J0[ S;"ZG[h05YL Screen
p5Z O[ZJL XSFI K[PT[GL DNNYLSM.56 Application [Program] DF\
h05YL SFI"“SZL XSF K[P

Scanner :-
Scanner V[ V[S 5|SFZG] Input Device K[P Scanner
V[ h[ZMÙ DXLG H[J]\ N[BFI K[P Scanner V[ Paper p5Z
ZC[,L Image G[ Computer DF\ electronic from DF\ ~5F\TZ
SZ[ K[P H[DF\ 5FK/YL ;]WFZF JWFZF 56 SZL XSFI K[P
Scanner V,U V,U 5|SFZGF CMI K[P
 CPU
anv xrIr rcnama> je3l>u mhTvn>u S4an mgjnu> 0e, Ae3lu> j mhTv
MPyu3rma> C.P.U nu> 0e. C.P.U nu> muQy kayR maihtIno s>g/h,s>caln
ne s>kln krvanu> 0e. tenu> pUru> nam Central Processing Unit 0e.
MPyu3rma> 4tI b6I j p/ik/yaAonu> s>caln C.P.U ma> 4ay 0e. ma3e
.P.U ne 'koMPyu3rnu> mgj' khe 0e. C.P.U keyboard @vara AavtI
hItIne yoGy jGyaAe moklvanu> Ane tene process krvama> Ane tene
mory ma> sacvI raqvanu> kam kre 0e. t4a je s>g/hIt mahItI hoy
e moniter pr dxRavvanu> kam kre 0e. Processing car ivwagma>
y 0e.
(1) g`trI (Calculation)
(2) srqam`I (Comparison)
(3) Decision Making
(4) taikRk (Logic)
 C.P.U na> muQy t/` ivwag 0e.:
(A) Memory Unit [MU]
(B) Control Unit [CU]
(C) Airthmetic and Logic Unit [ALU]

Memory Unit:
Aa Memory ne Main memory ke printing memory khe 0e.Aa Memory
maihtIno s>g/h krIne j½r pDe Tyare pa0I Aape 0e. Aa Memory Temporery
Memory 0e.

Control Unit:
AanI srqam`I manv mgj ke smg/ xrIrma> felayela> )ant>tuAona =5aAo sa
krI xkay 0e.Aa ivwagnu> mQy kayR Memory ma> p/og/amno s>g/h krI tema4I
k/mbâ sucnaAo me5vIne tenu> A4Rg3n krI bakIna ivwagone Aadex Aapvanu> 0

rithmetic and Logic Unit:

samaMy rIte Aa ivwagma> srva5a,badbakI,gu`akar Ane wagakarnI p/ik/yaAo 4ay
0e.k>3/ol yunI3nI sUcnaAo4I Main Memory ma>4I me5vel mahIitma>4I AerI4me
ke lo+kl p/ik/ya 4ay 0e. p/ik/yaAo 4[ gya bad Result ne Main Memory
moklI Aapvama> Aave 0e.
 OUTPUT DEVICE
Sd%I]8ZDF\ NFB, SZ[,L DFlCTL HMJF D/[ T[G[ Output SC[ K[P Sd%I]8ZDF\
H[ Device s;FWGfGL DNNYL DFlCTL HMJF S[ ;F\E/JF D/[ T[G[ Output Device
SC[ K[P Sd%I]8ZDF\ H[ DFlCTL NFB, SZLV[ T[GL p5Z C.P.U. DF\ 5|lS|IF YFI
VG[ H[ 5lZ6FD VFJ[ T[ HMJF D/[ K[P 8}\SDF\ H[GL DNNYL output HM. XSFI
K[4T[G[ output Device SC[ K[P NFPTP DMGL8Z4 l5|g8Z4 %,M8Z4 l:5SZ

Monitor:-
Sd%I}8ZDF\ YTL SM.56 5|lS|IFGM HJFA HMJF DF8[ Moniter
GM p5IMU YFI K[P T[G[ Output Device 56 SC[JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
Moniter T.V. GF Screen H[J] CMI K[PT[G[ V.D.U.[Visual Display
Unit] 56 SC[ K[P

Printer:-
Sd%I}8ZDF\ NFB, SZ[,L DFlCTLG[ H~lZIFT D]HA SFU/
p5Z KF5JF DF8[ H[ ;FWGMGM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
T[G[ Printer SC[ K[P l5|g8Z V[ V[S Output Device K[P NZ[S
jIlST S[ ;\:YF 5MTFGL H~lZIFT D]HAGF l5|g8ZGM p5IMU
SZ[ K[P
 CLASSIFICATION OF PC
Sd%I}8ZG]\ JUL"SZ6 T[GL ;\U|CXlST4 SFI"XlST VG[ lS\DTG[ VFWFZ[ YFI K[P
CF,DF\ VF JUL"SZ6 lJX[ NZ[S lGQ6FTM H]NF H]NF VlE5|FI WZFJ[ K[P SFZ6
S[ VF 1F[+DF\ ;TT O[ZOFZ VG[ lJSF; YIF SZ[ K[P
Computer G[ D]bItJ[ A[ lJEFUDF\ JC[RJFDF\ VFJ[,
K[ o

(1) Analog (2) Digital

 ANALOG COMPUTER
d5]8Z DF5 5ZYL HJFA T{IFZ SZ[ K[ T[G[ analog computer SC[ K[ ;{F 5|YD ,F[0 SF[
computer lJX[ XF[nBF[/ SZL CTL ;F{ 5|YD analog computer .; !)& DF\
5F0JFDF VFjI] analog computer V[8,[ S[ V[J] I\+ S[
TL GF[ VeIF; SZJF[ CF[I T[G[ ;DF\TZ V[S ;ZBF lJn]T l;uG,
DF\ T[DH D[/JJFDF\ VFJ[ K[
 DIGITAL COMPUTER
e kMPyu3r Digital Signals na isµaNt ]pr kayR kre 0e. Aava kMPyu3rnI A>dr koe[p` sUc
maihtI ¹IA>kI pµitma> Ae3le ke È Ane É A>knI harma5ana Sv½pe
dXaaRvvama> Aave 0e. AhI> È Ae3le off Ane É Ae3le on 4ay.

coKks Sa>QyanI mdd4I g`trI krI xkay teva kMPyu3rne Digital

Computer Khe 0e. Digital Computer Nae sa[z p/ma`e Caar vgRma>
vhecI xkay 0e.

1. Micro computer
2. Mini computer
3. Main frame computer
4. Super computer
 MICRO COMPUTER
8Z Sd%I}8ZGL RMYL 5[-LGM VFlJQSFZ K[PT[GL XMW .,[S8=MlGS 1F[+[ XMWFI
[PVF 5|SFZGF Sd%I}8ZDF\ T[G]\ DwI:Y 5l|S|IS V[SD
V[S ;\Sl,T JLH5lZ5Y (I.C) ~5DF\ CMI K[P
processor SC[ K[ P T[GF SFZ6[ VF Sd%I}8ZG]\
G]\ YI[, K[P V[8,[ TM T[G[ GFGF 8[A, 5Z D}SL XSFI K[P
d%I}8ZDF\ 56 36L lJlJWTF ZC[,L K[P VF lJlJWTF
TG[ VFWFZ[ CMI K[4 H[D S[ 5LP;L 4 5LP;Lv V[S;8L 4
":8[XG P T[DH lJlJWTF T[GF SNGF VFWFZ[ CMI K[P
Sd5I}8ZGM p5IMU :S}, 4 SM,[H 4 Sd%I}8Z ;[g8Z JU[Z[DF\ YFI K[P

Types of PC:
(1)PC :Personal Computer.
(2) PC/XT :Personal Computer/Extended Technology
(3) PC/AT :Personal Computer /Advance Technology

PC/XT GL :5L0 5L;L SZTF\ JWFZ[ CMI K[ VG[ PC/AT SZTF\ VMKL CMI K[P PC/A
CPU DF\ Chips No. GF VFWFZ[ V,UvV,U :5L0 GSSL YFI K[P
 MINI COMPUTER
me YL GLRF S|D[ DLGL Sd%I]8Z VFJ[ K[P VF 5|SFZGF
F\ 56 V[S ;FY[ V[SYL JW] VFXZ[ 110 ;]WL jIlSTVM
XS[ K[P VFJF Sd%I]8Z GL h05GM V[SD
lion Instructions per second) K[P V[8,[ S[ V[S
T[ NX ,FB ;}RGF VMGM VD, SZT]\ CMI K[P VF
d%I]8ZGM p5IMU VF56F N[XDF\ GFGF ;\:YFGM
l6HI ;\:YFGM 4 lJlJW lJWF,IM 4 ;ZSFZL BFTFVM 4 A[gSM
Z ;[JFGL ;\:YFVMDF\ YFI K[P VFJF Sd%I]8ZGL ;\U|CXlST 50 SZM0 V1FZMGL VYJF
P VZlJN DL, S[ T[G[ ;DS1F SNGL JFl6HI ;\:YF VF 5|SFZGF Sd%I]8ZGM p5IMU T[GF
BZLN J[RF6 4 pt5FNG 4 ;\RF,G 4 SFDNFZM JU[Z[ ,UTL DFlCTLGM ;\U|C SZJF 4 H~Z
,M AGFJJF DF8[ SZ[ K[P
 MAIN FRAME COMPUTER
VF 5|SFZGF Sd%I]8Z :5L0 (SPEED) Micro Computer TYF Mini Computer SZTF\
B]A H JWFZ[ CMI K[P H[G[ MIPS DF\ DF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
VF 5|SFZGF Sd%I]8Z GL Main Memory B]A H JWFZ[ CMI
K[P VF 5|SFZGF Sd%I]8Z DF\ 56 V[SYL JW] Input Output
ZRGF HM0L XSFI T[JL jIJ:YF CMI K[P ;FDFgI ZLT[ VF
5|SFZGF Sd%I]8Z A[gSM TYF DM8F DM8F VM{WMlUS V[SDMDF\
J5ZFI K[P VFD VF 5|SFZG]\ Sd%I]8Z Multiuser G]\
pNFCZ6 K[P T[D SCL XSFIP
 SUPER COMPUTER
Aa p/karna kMPyu3rnI rcna Ane SpID lgwg Main Frame Computer jevI j hoy 0e.

pr>tu Aa kMPyu3rnI muQy ivxe8ta Ae 0e ke AekI Saa4e , Aek j

smye Aek4I v2u Function pr kayR krI xke 0e. Aa

p/karna kMPyu3rma> muQy kMPyu3r sa4e bIja ÉÈÈ 4I v2u

input/output device joDI xkay 0e.

 COMPUTER LANGUAGE
GJL VG[ Sd%I]8Z JrR[GF SFI¶DF\ Sd%I]8ZG[ VF5JL 50TL ;}RGFVM T[DH DFlC
%I]8Z Languge SC[ K[PVFLanguge Charater,Alpha-numeric symbols S[
ary code ;D}CYL AG[,L CMI K[

Computer Language :-
(1)Low level language
(2) High level language

1. Low level language:-

VF Language ;FDFgI ZLT[binary code 1 VG[0 S[Alphabetic symbols YL
AG[,L CMI K[P VF Language ;DHJL VWZL K[PT[YL T[G[Low level langu
SC[ K[P

(A)Machine language
(B) Assembly language
 (A) Machine language:-
VF language OST binary code 1 VG[0 GF ;D}CYL AG[,L CMI K[P
computer OST Machine language H ;D+ XS[ K[P
NFPTP 10101010 10111101

(B) Assembly language:-

VF language AlphanumericSymbols [ ;F\S[lTS SM0] YL AG[,L
CMI K[P T[DF G[DMlGS; V[8,[ S[ ;FS[lTS lRCŸGMGM p5IMU YFIK[P
NFPTP Discription symbols
Addition ADD
Subtraction SUB
5\ZT] VFLanguage Sd%I]8Z ;D+ XST] GYLP Sd%I]8Z TM OST
Machine language ;D+ XS[ K[PT[YL Assembly language G[Machine
languageDF ~5\FTZ SZJL 50[ K[P~5\FTlZT SZJFG\] SFI¶D[DZLDF\
VFU/ ;U™C SZ[,F Assembler GFDGF 5|MU|FD £FZF YFI K[PH[GF
£FZF Assembly language DF\ ,B[,F 5|MU|FDG[Sd%I]8Z ;D+
XS[ T[JF :J~5DF\ V[8,[ S[Machine languageDF
\ O[ZJ[ K[4 VG[ T[G[ D]bI D[DZLDF\ VD,LSZ6 DF8[ E[UF SZ[ K[P
2. High level language:-

VFLanguage “English Language” H[JL H CMI K[P Assembly

language SZTF VF\Language ;C[,F.YL ;D+ XSFI T[JL CMI K[P 5Z\T
VF Language Sd%I]8Z ;D+ XST] GYLP Sd%I]8Z TM OST
Machine language ;D+ XS[ K[P T[YL High level language G]
~5\FTZ computer 5|MU|FD £FZF YFI K[P
 SOFTWARE
oftware V[ computer GM V[JM EFU K[ S[ H[G[ VF56[ HM.
SLV[ KLV[4AN,L 56 XSLV[ KLV[¸ 56 T[G[ :5XL" XSFTF GYLP T[ Instructions GM ;D
ardware parts G[ ;]RGF VF5LG[ computer HM0[ RMSS; SFI" SZFJJF DF8[ ;DY" K[P

Software is a collection of instructions that instructs the hardware

to perform sperform specific task.
 SOFTWARE TYPES
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
kMPyu3rma> je software CaoKks kamma> mdd½p 4ta hoy teva software ne
application software khe 0e.

jemKe ,,, tally Ae ko[p` VyiKtnu Account

lqva ma3e vpray 0e. MS office Ae
Official Work ma3e vpray 0e.
SYSTEM SOFTWARE

kMPyu3rma> je software kMPyu3r ne calu 4va

ma3e qub j j½rI hoy teva software ne system
software khe 0e.
Aa software kMPyu3r Ane yuzr vCce Communication
krave 0e.
 UTILITY SOFTWARE
kMPyu3rma> je software ko[ p` kam ma3e Aek krta> v2are jova m5ta
hoy teva software ne application software khe 0e.
 HARDWARE
uter GF V[JF XFZLlZS(physical)EFUM S[ H[G[ HM. XSFI4:5XL" XSFI4AN,L XSFI4T
[YL VgI HuIF V[ ,. H. XSFI T[JF EFUM G[ Hardware TZLS[ VM/BJFDF VFJ[ K[P
uter GF Hardwareparts TZLS[ keyboard,moniter,chips JU[Z[ U6FJL XSFIP

hysical parts of computer which are visible,touchable,replaceable and

ble,such as keyboard, monitor,cpu,mouse,memory,chipsetc.are known
rdware parts of computer

printer
monitor
mouse keyboard
COMPUTER
GENERATION
 5|YD 5[-L (1942 -1955)

ÉÑÌÊ 4I ÉÑÍÍ su2Ino smyga5o kMPyu3rnI p/4m p!Ino 0e. Aa kMPyu3rnI bnav3ma> Vacu
Tube ÜvaLvÝno ]pyog 4to hto. Vacuum Tube nu kd samaNy
Ite mo3u htu. Aek A>daj mujb AavI ÉÐ,ÒÒÒ ]pyogma> lI2I htI.jene
Kar`e kMPyu3rnu kd ivxa5 bnI gyu htu. je4I Aa kMPyu3r ivxa5
/ma`ma> jGya rokta hta.

p/karna kMPyu3rma> calu krva ma3e mo3a p/ma`ma> ivjxiKt qcRvI

DtI htI.Aa kMPyu3r 6`a mo3a p/ma`ma> grmI ]TpNn krta hta.
tene koLD ½mma> raqva pDta hta. Aa kMPyu3rne calu 4va ma3e
imin3 je3lo smy lagto hto. p/4m p!Ina kMPyu3r nIce mujb 0e.

ENIAC , EDVAC , EDSAC , UNIVAC-1 , UNIVAC-2, MARK -1, MARK -1

 AL+ 5[-L (1955 -1964)
ÉÑÍÍ 4I ÉÑÎÌ su2Ino smyga5o kMPyu3rnI
bI+ p!Ino 0e.Aa smyga5a drimyan “ivilym
bI xoklI” namna scientist ¹ara bel
lebaere3rInI A>dr solid state device ke
je transistor trIke Ao5qay 0e. tenI xo2
krI. transistor nu kd Vacuum Tube nI
srqam`\Ima> 6`u j nanu htu.

transistor vaprva4I kMPyu3rnu kd p/4m pe!Ina kMPyu3r krta lgwg AD2u 4[ gyu htu.
bI+ p!Ina kMPyu3r nIce mujb 0e.

IBM-1404 , IBM-1000 , UNIVAC-3

 +L+ 5[-L (1964 -
1975)
1964 YL 1975 ;]nLGM ;DIUF/M SMd%I]8ZGL +LHL 5[-L DF8[GM SC[JFI K[P
VF ;DI NZdIFG Technology DF\ pTZMTZ lJSF; YJFG[ SFZ6[ Solid stare
device VG[ H]NFvH]NF Component G[ V[S ;FY[ Slilicon
nFT]GL Chip 5ZIntegration SZJFG]\ XSI AgI]\P H[G[
Integrated Circuit [IC] SC[ K[P IC G[ SFZ6[ Computer GL
Size DF\ B]A n8F0M YIMP IC G[ SFZ6[ SMd%I]8ZG]\ SN 5|YD
VG[ lN=TLI 5[-LGF] SMd%I]8Z SZTF\ n6]\ H GFG]\ YI\]P T[
V[S GFGF 8[A, 5Z D]SL XSFI T[8,]\ SN nZFJT]\ CT]\P +LHL 5[-L NZdIFG
GLR[GF SMd%I]8Z T{IFZ SZJFDF\ VFjIF\ CTF\P
IBM-360,IBM-370.
 RMYL 5[-L s1975 -
1985)
1975 YL 1985 ;]nLGM ;DIUF/M SMd%I]8ZGL RMYL 5[-L DF8[GM SC[JFI K[
VF ;DI NZdIFG
Semi-Conductor technology GM pTZMTZ lJSF; YTM CTMP H[G[ 5ZL6FD[ B]
DM8F 5FI[P
DM8LvDM8L .,[S8=MlGS ;ZSL8G]\ ;\S,G SZJFG]\ XSI AgI]\P H[G[ Large Scale
Integration
[LSI] TZLS[ VM/BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[PLSI G[ SFZ6[ CJ[ SMd%I]8ZG]\ SN
+6[I 5[-LGL ;ZBFD6LDF\ n6]\ H GFG]\ T{IFZ YI]\P V[8,[ S[ H[G[ V[S
GFGL l+5F. S[ 8[A, 5Z D]SL XSFI T[J]\ GFG]\ Y. UI]\
VF ;DIUF/F NZlDIF6 DBase, Wordstar, Lotus H[JF
XlSTXF/L Pakage AGFJJFDF\ VFjIFPVF 5[-L NZlDIF GLR[GF
SMd%I]8Z AGFJ[,FP
IBM PC Series, Apple Series, Intel 4004.
 5F\RDL 5[-L (1985
5KL )

K[ S[ 5F\RDL 5[-LGF SMd%I]8Z DF6;GL H[D lJRFZL XSTF CX[P VF 5[-LGF SMd%I]8
MT[ HFT[ ;DHLvlJRFZLG[ ,[X[P
 KEYBOARD
Keyboard Ae input device 0e. Jena vDe kMPyu3rma> mahItI daql krI xkay 0e. Aa4I kIbo
npu3 DIva[s khevama> Aave 0e. b2a j p/karna kMPyu3rma>
Data Entry muQyTve Keyboard ¹ara 4tI hova4I tene
Primary Input Device trIke Ao5qvama> Aave 0e.
Keyboard Maa> daql krel maihtI ]pra>t te Data pr
rvama> Aavta kayR (Processing) ma3e Command
p` Keyboard ¹ara kMPyu3rne Aapvama>
Aave 0e.je samaNy rIte ÉÒÌ Key nu hoy 0e.
 KEYBOARD TYPES

USB KEYBOARD PS/2 KEYBOARD

MULTIMEDIA KEYBOARD
WIRELESS KEYBOARD
KEY OF KEYBOARD
KEY TYPES
 MOUSE
Keyboard GL H[D mouse56 V[S 5||SFZ G] input device K[P‘T[G[ pointing
device TZLS[ 56 V[F/B[ K[P MOUSE GL DNN SCREEN BX[0L XSFI K[P
• T[DHSELECTION 56 SZL XSFI K[PMOUSE GL GLR[GF EFU BALL[ CF[Y K[P
•H[ MOUSEGL MOVEMENTG[ TRECK SCREEN
•5Z POINTERG[ 56 MOVESZL XS[ K[PKEY BORD GL H[D
• H MOUSE G[ CABLE ãFZF S[ WIRLESS CONNECTIO
£FZF µ5IF[U DF ,. XSFI K[P
 MOUSE TYPES

Serial mouse Wireless mouse

Optical mouse USB mouse

 MOUSE BUTTON

Left click Right click

Scroll button
 MONITOR
Sd%I]8ZDF\ YTL SF[.56 5|lS|IFGF[ HJFA HF[JF

DF8[

Monitor GF[ p5IF[U YFI K[P T[G[ output device 56

SC[ K[P

Monitor T.V. GF Screen H[J\] CF[I K[P T[G[

V.D.U.[Visual Display Unit] 56 SC[ K[P

 TYPES OF MONITOR
LCD Maoin3rnu pu½nam Liquid Crystal Display 4ay 0e ;M{ 5|YD LCD GM
p5IMU Laptop DF\ YIM CTMP tIFZ AFN CJ[ Computer DF\ 56 LCD GM
p5IMU YFI K[P LCD JHG DF\ CRT Monitor SZTF C,S] CMI
K[ VG[ LCD GL picture quality 56 36L ;FZL CMI K[P LCD 36L
DM3L VFJ[ K[P

CRT moin3rnu pu½nam Cathode Ray Tube 4ay 0e. Jeno ]pyog
kMPyu3rnI x½Aat4I j 4ay 0e. Jema> Tube no ]pyog 4ay 0e.
Je vjnma> qub j ware hoy 0e. Aa4I sr5ta4I transfer krI xkata
n4I. Aa moin3r ik>mtma> sSta hoy 0e.
 PRINTER

%I]8ZDF\ NFB, SZ[,L DFlCTLG[ H~ZLIFT D]HA

U/ p5Z KF5JF DF8[ H[ ;F3GF[GF[ p5IF[U

JFDF\ VFJ[ K[ T[G[ Printer SC[ K[P l5|g8Z V[

Output Device K[P NZ[S jIlST S[ ;\:YF

TFGL H~ZLIFT D]HAGF l5|g8ZGF[ p5IF[U SZ[ K[P

Aam,ip/N3r Ae moin3r pr jova m5tI Soft copy ne Hard copy ma> convert krvanu kam kr
jema> kag5 pr ip/N3 jova m5e 0e. jema> moin3r pr ip/N3 jova m5e 0e.
 printer

Line printer Inkjet printer Laser printer

Serial printer

Drum printer Chain printer

Dot matrix Daisy wheel
printer printer
 SCANNER
Scanner V[ input device K[P T[GL DNNYL SM. 56
0MSI]D[g8 S[ OM8MUF|OG[ Computer DF\ data :JZ]]]]5[ ;\U|C
SZL XSFI K[ T[GL DNNYL SM.56 .D[H4 l5|g8[0 8[184 CFY äFZF
,B[,F ,BF64 0M|.\U JU[Z[G[ Computer DF\ input SZL
XSFI K[P Scanner V,U V,U 5|SFZGF HMJF D/[ K[P

Scanner Ae Hard copy ne Soft copy ma>

convert krvanu kam kre 0e.
 SCANNER TYPES
VF 5|SFZGF Scanner DF\ glass ;ZO[; 5Z H[ T[ 0MSI]D[g8G[ D]SJFDF\
VFJ[ K[P T[DF\ ,F.8 GL DNNYL 5}ZF 0MSI]D[g8 G[ :S[G SZJFDF\
VFJ[ K[P T[DF\
red, green VG[ blue LED CMI K[P H[GL DNNYL 0MSI]D[g8 S[
.D[H G[ HZ]ZL S,Z lDz6 J0[ digital :JZ]5[ NFB, SZL ;\U|C SZL XSFI K[P

VF 5|SFZGF Scanner DF\ Document Scanner VG[ 3d Scanner GM

;DFJ[X YFI K[P Hendheld G[ CFY J0[ H[ T[ 0MSI]D[g8 S[ .D[H 5Z drag
SZLG[
:S[G SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P VCL\ CFYGL l:YZTF B]AH HZ]ZFL K[PHM jIJl:YT ZL
Scanner G[ dragSZJFDF\ G VFJ[ TM :S[G SZ[,F .D[H :5Q8 HM.
XSFTF GYLP
 SPEAKER
Speaker 56 V[S 5|SFZG] Output device K[P
Computer DF\ Store SZ[, Audio-data G[
Speaker GL DNNYL output :JZ]5[ ;F\E/L XSFI K[P
Computer VG[ Speaker G[ Connect SZJF
DF8[Sound Card GM p5IMU YFI K[PVF sound
card computer DF\ store SZ[, Audio data
S[ H[ digital :JZ]5[ CMI K[4T[G[ analog signal :JZ]5[ Z]5F\TlZT SZLG[
Speaker G[ VF5[ K[PH[ Speaker äFZF VJFH GF :JZ]5[ ;F\E/L XSFI K[P
Sound card GL Quality ãFZF prR U]6JTFJF/M Sound sVJFHf ;F\E/L
XSFI K[PVtIFZ[ D/TF Multimedia Computer DF\ VF lJX[QFTF HMJF D
CMI K[P
ADDITIONAL DEVICE
 MODEM
Modem G]\ 5]Z]\ GFD modulator demodulator K[P T[GM p5IMU
D]bItJ[ COMPUTER G[ internet line ;FY[ HM0LG[ internet GM p5IMU
SZJF DF8[ YFI K[P telephone line OST analog 5|SFZGF signals G[ transmit
SZL XS[ K[P
HIFZ[ computer GM data digital S[ binary :J~5[ CMI K[P
VFYL modem åFZF computer GF digital data G[
analog signal DF\ ~5F\TZLT SZLG[ telephone line G[
VF5JFDF VFJ[ K[P T[JL H ZLT[ telephone line åFZF
digital data DF\ ~5FTZLT SZLG[ computer VF5JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
VFD modem åFZF internet 5ZGF A[ computer G[
telephone line GL DNNYL HM0LG[ data G] VFNFG v5|NFG SZL
XSFI K[P T[ 5ZYL SCL XSFI S[ modem V[S 5|SFZG] input-output device
K[P
T[ input VG[ output A\G[ 5|SFZGGF SFIM¶ SZL XS[ K[P modem p5IMU
D]bItJ[ internet 5Z
1. INTERNAL dial up connection DF8[ YFI K[P modem A[ 5|SFZGF
MODEM
CMI K[P
2. EXTERNAL MODEM
 GRAPHICS CARD
Graphics Card G[ Video card TZLS[ 56 VM/BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
T[ V[S GFG]\ circuit board K[P H[G[ Computer GF Cabinet DF\
Motherboard 5Z expansion slot 5Z HM0JFDF\ VFJ[ K[P T[G]\
D]bI SFI" Computer äFZF process YI[, data G[ screen 5Z
picture :J~5[ NXF"JJFG]\ K[P T[ data G[ screen 5Z
pixels sGFGF\ 85SF\f :J~5[ NXF"J[ K[P
C[,FGF\ Computer DF\ Graphics Card G[Motherboard
Z V,UYL HM0JFDF VFJT]\ CT]\P 5Z\T] VtIFZGF\ latest Computer DF\
[ Motherboard 5Z p5,aW CMI K[P H[G[ Onboard Graphics Card
6 SC[JFDF VFK[ K[P computer GF display (moniter) GL
uality sU]6J¿Ff JWFZJF S[ Computer game play SZJF
F8[ 56 V,UYL Graphics Card GM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P
[JL HZLT[ Computer screen GF display G[
V 5Z HMJF DF8[ 56TV Out Graphics card GM
5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
 USB CARD
USB G] 5]Z] GFD Universal Serial Bus K[P
USB Card V[ USB Host Controller VG[ S[8,FS
USB Ports WZFJ[ K[P H[GL DNNYL 36F\ 5|SFZGF\
USB peripherals devices G[ Computer ;FY[
Connect SZL XSFI K[P
USB Card Bus GM p5IMU Laptop DF\ YFI K[P HIFZ[ USB PCI Card D]bItJ[
USB Card A[ 5|SFZ GF\ HMJF D/[ K[P 1 USB PCI 2. USB Card Bus
Desktop Computer sPCf DF\8[ AGFJFDF\ VFjIF K[P Card Reader, Bluetooth
H[JF\
devices G[ Computer wJFZF Connect SZJF S[ p5IMU SZJF DF8[ USB Card
GM p5IMU YFI
K[P CJ[ TM Keyboard, Mouse, Hard disk JU[Z[ 56 USB Connector JF/F
D/[ K[P
 FIREWIRE CARD
Firewire card V[ Apple Inc.NFZF 1995 ma>AGFJFDF VFJ[,M Data port K[P H[GM p
DbItJ[high speed data transfrr SZJF DF8[ YI KPT[GM[ p5IMU D]bItIJ[. digital medi
devices H[JFS[Digital camara V[[G[ DF8[card camcorder YFI K[

Digital camara S[camcorder DFYL data G[

computer DF high speed YL transfer SZJF
DF8[ T[ p5IM YFI K[ firewire Interface (port) V[ USB
Interfaue (port) SZTF h05YL data transfer SZL XS[ K[P
T[ V[S second DF ,UEU 50 MB (Mega byte) H[8,M
data data transfer SZL XS[ K
 BLUTOOTH CARD
Bluetooth Pc Card V[ V[J] l0JF.; K[ S[ H[GF £FZF
PC S[ Laptop G[ VgI l0JF.; Ô[[0[ Wireless
;\5S" s Communicate ) SZFJL XSFI K[P T[GF £FZF
!_ DL8ZGF lJ:TFZDF\ ZC[,F Bluetooth l0JF.;G[
V[SlAÔ ;FY[ Communicate SZFJLG[ DFLlCTLG]
VFNFG v5|NFG SZL XSFI K[P

Computer VG[ Laptop H[JF l0JF.;DF\ Bluetooth GL ;]lJWF G CF[I

tIFZ[ VF Card GF[ p5IF[U SZL ;SFI K[P T[GF £FZF PAN (Personal Area Network)
p5IF[U SZL ,UEU ;FT Bluetooth l0JF.; G[ V[SALÔ ;FY[
Wireless communicate ZFJL ;SFI K[P
 SMPS
SMPS G] 5]Z] GFD switch mode power supply K.[
T[ computer DF\ D]bI power supply TZLS[ SFI’SZ[ K.[
T[G] D]bI SFI ac voltage G[ dc voltage DF\ O[ZJLG[
computer G[ VF5JFG] K.[ ;FDFgI ZLT[ computer
dc voltage wJFZF SFI\ SZ[ K[. smps V[ computer GF
lJlJW GFGF DF[8F devices H[JF S[ motherboard,
hard disk , memory, chips , optical disk drives JU[Z[G[ power supply 5]ZF[ 5F0[ K.
VtIFZ GF personal computer DF\ T[ +3.3v , +12v, +5v JU[Z[ dc voltage 5]ZF 5F0
 EXTERNAL HARD DISK
External Hard disk એ એક પ્રકાર ની Hard disk છે કે જેને computer સાથે connect કરી
શકાય છે . આ Hard disk માં પણ data ને
store કરી શક્ય છે .પરતું Normal Hard disk ની જેમ
આ Hard disk ને computer માં permanently જેડે લી
હે તી નથી . પરતું તેમાં usb cable ધારા disk ને usb Port ની મદદથી computer સાથે
connect કરી શકાય છે .એટલે કે જયારે આ Hard disk માં data transfer કરવાનો હોય ત્યારે
તેને u s b cable ધારાconnect કરીને
Data transfer કરીને અન્ય જગ્યાએ લઈ જઈ શકાય છે . તેમજ બીજી computer સાથ connect
કરીને ઉપયોગ કરી શકાય છે . આ પ્રકાર ની Hard disk સામાન્ય રીતે ૨ GB થી 6 GB સાથેની
compact flash card સાથે ઉપલબ્ધ હોય છે .
PROCESSOR
 8086
NZ[S processor T[GL series S[ model no. 5ZYL VM/BJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P 8086/8088
processor V[ intel company åFZF AGFJJFDF\ VFJ[, Pprocessor K[P H[GM ;M[5|YD
IBM-Company DF\ p5IMU YIM CTMP T[GL
clock speed (processor’s speed) 4.7 Mhz CTLP
8086 processor DF\ 16 bit internal VG[
external data-line (path) CTLP44444
 80386
80286 5KLG]\ processor 80386 CT]\P V[8,[ S[ T[DF V[S ;FY[ 32 bit data
sor SZL XSFTF CTFP BF; SZLG[ T[G[ high speed 5Z SFI" SZJF DF8[ AGFJJFDF VFjI
processor GL H[ VF processor 56
de VG[ protected mode DF\ SFI" SZL XST] CT]\P
e control GL DNNYL VF A\G[ mode G[ V[S 5KL
D AN,L XSFTF CTF\P

Real mode VG[ protected mode GL ;FY[ T[DF\

virtual mode GM p5IMU YTM CTMP S[8,FS software S[
opreting system VF virtual mode GM p5IMU SZL
XSTF\ CTF\P
 80486
80386 5KLG]\ Intel G]\ processor 80486 CT]\P VUFpGF\ processor SZTF\ 56
JWFZ[ feature VF processor DF\ pD[ZJFDF\VFjIF CTF\P T[DF\
Math-coprocessor GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP
Math-coprocessor Arithmetic (UFl6TLS) SFIM"DF\ D]bI
processor GF SFI"DF\ ;CFIS Processor TZLS[ SFI" SZL XS[ K[P

T[DF\ 32 bit data bus K[ S[ H[ V[S ;FY[ 32 bit data G[ transfer

SZL XS[ K[P T[DF\ 8 KB internal cache memory K[4 H[
processor GF processing SFI"DF\ memory 5]ZL 5F0[ K[P VF
processor GL speed (clock speed) 20 Mhz to 50Mhz ;]WL p5,aW CTLP
 80586
8086,8088,80286,80386,80486 AFN Intel company V[ 80586 processor DFS["8D
D]SI]\P T[G] GFD 80586 GL HuIFV[ Pentium ZFBJFDF\ VFjI]\P V[8,[ S[ intel GL
Pentium series VF processor (80586) YL X~ Y.P

;FDgI ZLT[ DM8FEFUGF\ processor V[S ;FY[ OST V[S

Instruction (command) G[ execute SZL XS[ K[45Z\T] VF
processor V[S ;FY[ A[ instruction G[ execute SZL XS[ K[P VF
5|SFZGL ,F©F6LSTFG[ intel company super scaler architecture
TZLS[ VM/B[ K[P VF processor (80586/Pentium) DF\
A[ internal cache memory GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM CTMP
 PENTIUM WITH MMX
entium-MMX processor intel G]\ GJ]\ processor K[P MMX V[8,[ Multimedia
tension. MMX technology WZFJTF processor VUFpGF processor SZTF\ JWFZ[
DTFYL VG[ processing speed YL SFI" SZL XS[ K[[P T[DF\ microarchitecture GM p
JFDF\ VFjIM K[P T[DF\ 16K data cache GM p5IMU YIM K[P
386,80486,80586 (Pentium) processor GF\ AWF\
oftware ;FY[ compatible K[[PT[ 16-bit data bus WZFJ[ K[P
[8,[ S[ V[S;FY[ 16- bit data transfer SZL XS[ K[P
MD (single instruction multiple data )
chnology G[ SFZ6[ VF processor åFZF multimedia VG[
mmunication application GM p5IMU SZL XSFI K[P VF
ocessor G]\ BIST (built in self test )feature NZ[S
errupt JBT[ testing mechanism äFZF error recovery SZL XS[ K[P
 CELERON
Intel G]\ VF processor best performance VF5[ K[P T[ ,UEU 650 Mhz YL 1.2 Ghz
;]WL speed 5Z processing SZF XS[ K[P VtIFZ[ p5IMUDF\ VFJTF\ NZ[S software
processor äFZF operate SZL XSFI K[P VF processor GF\ feature GLR[ 5|DF6[ K[

•Speed 650Mhz – 1.2Ghz

•32kb Cache (level 1)
•128 Kb cache (level 2)
•Dynamic execution technology
•Multi transaction processor system
•Chipset support
•Full support for all software
 PENTIUM 2
VF processor V[ Intel G]\ latest high performance desktop processor K[PVF
processor DF\ VFU/GF\ A3F\ H processor GF best features G[ VFJZL ,[JFDF\ VFjIF
K[P VF Processor GM p5IMU V[JF computer DF\ YFI K[ S[ H[GM p5IMU professio
VG[ Advance level 5Z YTM CMIPSmall server VG[ workstation computer DF\ 56 VF
processor GM p5IMU YFI K[P T[ ,UEU A3F\ H 5|SFZGF\
software VG[ operating system support SZ[ K[P
T[GL speed 233 Mhz YL 450 Mhz ;]3LGL CMI K[P VF
processor DF\ 56 L1(Level)VG[ L2 (Level2)
Cach GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFjIM K[P T[DF\
Error correction code (ECC), Recovery,
Fault Analysis H[JF Features 56 HMJF D/[ K[P
 PENTIUM 3
Intel Pentium III processor GM p5IMU Home VG[ Business Computer DF\ YFI K
Multimedia VG[ Internet application H[JF Ù[+DF\ VF processor B}A H ;O/ 5}ZJF
YI]\ K[P T[DF\ p6 Dynamic Execution Microarchitecture, Dual Independent Bus
(DIB) Architecture, Multi transaction system bus H[JL technology G[ ;DFJL ,[JFD
VFJL K[P T[ Internet streaming H[JF feature 56 5}ZF 5F0[ K[[P
T[DF\ pD[ZJFDF\ VFJ[,F GJF advance instruction sets G[
SFZ6[ Imaging, 3D streaming audio, 3D streaming video
VG[ Speech recognition H[JL lJX[ØTFVM WZFJ[ K[P T[GM D]bItJ[
p5IMU business VG[ consumer computer DF\ YFI K[P
T[ p5ZF\T DwID SÙFGF\ workstation VG[ server computer DF
\ 56 T[GM p5IMU SZJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P T[ ,UEU 450 MHz YL
1.2 GHz GL speed WZFJ[ K[P\
 PENTIUM 4
el-Net Burst Architecture 2ravtu>-pentium-4,processer soeee4I .advance Ane
werful processor 0e.User ne-sarama>-saru> .Ae3le ke.best performance jo[tu> ho
ocessar te b2I j rIte 4ay 0e.Internet audio/video,Image.
ocessing,video creation,3D game,CAD,Multimedia,
ltitasking Ane Multiuser Envirnment ma3e Aa Processar.
GHz.4I 3.0GHznIspeed sa4e ]plB2 0e.te pga423Ane PGA478
cket.sa4e ]plB2 0e.Intel850—chipset qUb j sarI rIte support kre 0e.
yarna>-lgwg b2a j-softwer ma3e.te-compatible 0e.tema> p`Intel MMX-media-
hancement-technology no ]pyog krvama> AaVyo 0e.Uni-processar.Designne
pport kre 0e.tema.400MHz system.bus.no.>.]pyog krvama> AaVyo 0e.
 PENTIUM D
Aa Processor ma> be wag Aavela 0e. Je drek wagma> Aek Aek Core AekbIjanI n+k

go#vayela hoy 0e. Multichip module ma> tene krel hoy 0e. Aa samaNy krta> v2are no ]p

kre 0e. te qUb j grm p` 4[ jay 0e.

 DUAL CORE
Intel ¹aradesign krel Aa Latest, processor, energy, efficient, performance Aape 0e.

tena kar`e Exception,productivity Ane Multimediaexeperience xky bNya,0e.tema> Ae

physical,processarma> be.Completeexecutioncore AavelI hoy.0e.Aevu ivcarI xkay.k

processar,4line,highwaynI jem databus AavelI hoy.0e.Ae3ele.ke Any

processar krta> Aa processar Aek sa4e be g`o (double)data.ne.

transfer krI xke.0e.

 MOTHERBOARD
Computer(pc)nu sO4I AgTy nu Hardware componet Motherbpard 0eeeeeee
computer na b6ajHardware components Aek A4va biJ rIte Motherboard sa4e
JoDel Hoy 0e.CPU Cebinet ma> te AeK circit board na rup ma> =eva m5e 0e.
Computer nadevelopment vqte xruvat ma> IMB company V A[ technology
Gae ]pyog 4ay 0e.
(1) Bus based computer
(2) single board based computer.


 Bus based computer ma. Main board no ]pyog 4ay 0e. Je muQy wag troke
kayR kre 0e. te 6nI b6I bused Vne connection lines 6rave 0e. jenI mdd4I
electronics singnal VG[component ma>4I
bI=components ma> maeklI xkay 0e. tema
6na slots 56 Vavela haey 0e. Vaslots ma> bI=
board ne conenct krI skate haeva4I Aa
board purI system nae wag bnI =y 0e. Aa
pUma6e system nae mQy fydae Ae0e. Ke jyare
jrur p5e Tyare system ne expand krI xkay 0e.
Single board system ma>chips Ane circuit ne Aek j board ma>connect krI ne
AaqI system tEyar krvama> Aave 0e. Aa pkar nI system desing krvama> sr5
Ane ikmt ma> sStI haey 0e.
 personal computer(pc)ma> Aa pkar nIsystem samaNy rIte =eva
ma5e 0e. pr>tu Aapkar nIsystem nae gerfaydae Ae0e. temabI=
device =e5I xkata n4I, Aetle ke te ma> je3ladevice Connect krel
haey fkt tenae j ]pyog krvo p5e 0e.jruiryat p/ma|6 e>nva device
nae ]pyaeg Aa p/kar nIsystem ma krI xkata n4I. tmej tene> men3an
kayR 0e.

p/Stut karnae ne l2eIBM ¹ara b>ne system (1)Bus based computer (2)Single Board
Based computer
MOTHERBOARD PARTS
MOTHERBOARD PORT
 MEMORY TYPES
Memory âFZF computer DF data G[ permanent S[ temporary store
SZL XSFI K[PT[G[ V,U V,U EFUDF JLEFlHT SZJFDF VFJ[ K[P

1. Internal\primary

2. External\Secondary

Internal\primary memory

RAM R0M
 RAM
VF V[JF 5|SFZ Memory K[ S[ H[DF O[ZOFZ SZL XSFI TYF
lAGH~ZL DFCLTLG[ N]Z SZL XSFI K[P RAM DF ZC[,F DATA
computer Switch off YJFYL GÚ Y. HFI K[PH[YL
T[G[ Volatile Memory 56 SC[JFDF VFJ[ K[P
RAM GF D]bI A[ 5|SFZ |
K[P
(1)Static RAM
(2)Dynamic RAM

(1)Static RAM
Static RAM DF DFlCTLGM ;\U|C ,FAF ;DI DF8[ YFI K[P Static RAM
JFZ\JFZ ,BJFGL H~Z 50TL GYLP Write command GM VD, SZJFDF VFJ[ tIFZ[ D
ZC[, DFlCTLDF O[ZOFZ SZL XSFI K[P VF RAM B]A H h05L 56 lS\DTDF DM3
Static RAM G[ D]bI +6 lJEFUDF J[C\[RJFDF VFJ[ K[
1. Async SRAM
2. Sync SRAM
3. Burst SRAM
 Async sRAM :-
Async SRAM V[8,[ Asynchrononus SRAM. Asynchrononus
V[8,[ system clock DF :JT\+ ZLT[ SFI¥ SZJ]P

Sync SRAM:
sync SRAM V[8,[ synchronous. synchronous V[8,[ system clock ;\S/F

Burst sRAM:
Burst sRAM GM JnFZ[ 5|DF6 DF p5IMU YFI K[P DFCLTL GF DM8
HyYFG[
OZL YL DMS,L T[GF 5Z SFI¥ SZJFDF VFJ[ K[P
 ROM
ROM એ Read Only memory છે. એટલે કે તેના નામ પરથી ખ્યાલ આવે છે કે તે memory ને ફક્ત
વાંચી શકાય છે. તેની મુખ્ય લાક્ષણિકતા એ છે કે power supply વગર પણ તેમાં data ને store રાખી
સકાય છે.આથી તેને
nonevoltile memory તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે.
માર્કેટ માં વિવિધ પ્રકાર ની રોમ ઉપલબ્ધ
હોય છે,
MASK ROM
MASK ROM એ મુખ્ય rom chip બનાવવામાં આવે ત્યારે જ
store કરવામાં આવે છે.એટલે કે તેમાં એક વાર data store
કાર્ય બાદ તેમાં કોઈપણ સુધારા વધારા કરી શકાતા નથી.
આ પ્રકારની rom chip ના ઉત્પાદન માટે વધારે પ્રમાણમાં
મૂડી રોકાણ કરવું પડે છે.

EPROM
તેનું નામ Erasable Programable Read Only Memory છે. તે
એક પ્રકારની PROM છે. પરંતુ તેમાં એક વિકલ્પ એવો આવેલો હોય છે કે
જેની મદદથી data ને erase કરી ને change કરી સકાય છે.એટલે કે નવો
data પણ store કરી સકાય છે.આ પ્રકારની memory માં એકવાર data
ને store કર્યા બાદ તેમાં નવો data write કે store કરી સકાય છે.
PROM
તેનું પૂરું નામ Programable Read Only Memory છે. સામાન્ય
rom અને prom માં નજીવો તફાવત છે. ઉત્પાન વખતે prom ને blank
રાખવામાં આવે છે. એટલે કે તેમાં કોઈ પણ પ્રકારનો data store કરવામાં
આવતો નથી . પરંતુ જયારે જરૂર પડે ત્યારે prom program ની મદદ થી
તેમાં data ને write કર્યા બાદ તે data parmanent store થઇ જાય
છે.એટલે કે તેમાં કોઈ પણ chenge કરી શકાતા નથી તયાર બાદ તે સામાન્ય
rom બની જાય છે.
 EEPROM
તેને Electrically ErasableProgramable ReadOnly Memory તરીકે ઓળખવામાં આવે છે .તે
એ પ્રકારની eprom છે.eeprom અને eprom વચ્ચે તફાવત એટલો જ છે કે eprom માં data ને
remove કરવા માટે
Ultraviolet rays નો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવે છે.જયારે
eeprom માં content ને remove કરવા
માટે
 EAROM
તેનું પૂરું નામ Electrically Alterable Read Only Memory છે.તે એક પ્રકારની
ROM જ છે.પરંતુ તેને RAM ની જેમ Read અને
Write પણ કરી સકાય છે.આ memory ના
content ને change કરવા માટે કોઈ ચોક્કસ બીટ
પર high voltage નો ઉપયોગ કરવામાં આવે છે.
સામાન્ય રીતે આ પ્રકારની memory નો ઉપયોગ
ઓછા પ્રમાણમાં data ને store કરવા માટે થાય છે.
આ data ને સામાન્ય રીતે permanent (કાયમ માટે )
store કરવામાં આવે છે.તેમજ અમુક સમયના
અંતરે તેમાં change પણ કરી સકાય છે.
 FLASH MEMORY
VF V[S 5|SFZGL VFW]GLS EEPROM K[ H[D
COMPUTER GF ;FDFgI VOLTEGE GL DNNYL
ERASE VG[ REPROGRAM sGJM DATA STOREf SZL
XSFI K[ VFYL T[G[ FLASH NEMORY TZLS[ 56 VM/BJFDF
VFJ[ K[ 8]SDF USER âFZF COMPUTER GL DNNYL
MEMORY GF DATA G[ READ ;WRITE S[
MEMORY SZL XSFI K[

;FDFgI ZLT[ VtIFZGF ;DIDF HMJ D/TF Memory card VG[

Pen drive DF Fiesh memory GMë5IMU YFIK[
EXTERNAL MEMORY
 FLOPPY DISK
oppy disk G] 5]Z] \ GFD Flexible Physical Property K[P
oppy disk GM p5IMU DFlCTLGM ;\U|C SZJF DF8[ T[DH DFlCTLG[ V[S
HuIFV[YL ALHL HuIFV[ ,. HJF DF8[ YFI K[P VFYL T[ Input-Output
[D A\G[Device TZLS[ SFI" SZ[ K[P Floppy disk T[GL size ;\UC XlSTG[
FWFZ[ V,U V,U size VG[ 1FDTFDF\ HMJF D/[ K[P
Size Specification Storage
Capacity
5.25” *DS DD 360 KB
5.25” *DS HD 1.2 MB
3.5” DS DD 720 KB
3.5” DS HD 1.44 MB
I ZLT[ Floppy disk DF\ V\NZGM EFU %,F:8LSGL l:YlT:YF5S JT"}/FSFZ
LS l0:S p5Z R\}ASLI A/ WZFJTF\ 5NFY"G} VFJZ6 CMI K[P H[G[ V[ZM D[uG[8LS SC
JZ6 JT"]/ l0:SGL A\G[ AFH]V[ CMI K[P H[YL T[DF\ A\G[ EFUMGM p5IMU SZL XSF
"]/ EFUG[ ACFZGF JFTFJZ6YL ARFJJF DF8[ p5Z %,F:8LSG]\ B]A H 5FT/] VFJZ6 VFJ
K]4 S[ H[YL l0:S ;Z/TFYL OZL XS[P
 HARD DISK
Hard disk V[ Sd%I]8ZG] D]bI ;\U|FCS pSZ6 K[P T[GL ;\U|C 1FDTF floppy disk
SZTF Jn] CMI K[P
AnF H H~ZL ;MO8J[Z VG[ DFCLTL T[GL 5Z ;\U|CL ZFBJFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
;FDFgI ZLT[ H[ HuIFV[ lJXF/ 5|DF6DF\ DFlCTLG[ ;\U|C SZJFGL H~lZIFT CMI K
tIF\ Hard disk GM p5IMU YFI K[P

CF0" l0:SGL ;\U|CXlST n6L H Jn] CMI K[P20GB, 40BG,

80GB , 120GB, 160GB, 320GB, JU[Z[PVFD4 H]NL H]NL
;F.hDF\ T[ p5,an CMI KP[
 HARD DISK TYPES

Ide hard disk Sata hard disk USB hard disk

and and
Ide cable Sata cable
;FDFgI ZLT[ Hard disk 5Z :D]Y %,[8 5Z D[uG[8LS D8LZLI<;G]
50 ,UF0[,
CMI K[P VFJL V[SYL Jn] 50JF/L %,[8G[ V[S 5KL V[S lOS; SZL
AGFJFDF\ VFJ[P
VF l0:S 5[S V[S 0=F.J 5Z l0:SGL A\G[ AFH]V[ VFJ[ T[ ZLT[ C[0 OL
SZ[,F
CMI K[P C[0 V\NZ VG[ ACFZ T[GL Z[0LI, 0FIZ[SXGDF\ OZL
XS[ K[P l0:S UM/
OZTL CMI K[P H[YL HIFZ[ C[0 GLR[YL 0[8F 5;FZ YX[ tIFZ[ 0[8F
ZL0 YX[ VG[
T[H ZLT[ ,BJFGL 5|lS|IF YFI K[P
CD ROM
 DVD
DVD GM N[BFJ CD H[JM CMI K[P DVD V [CD SZTF 4 YL 8
U6L JWFZ[ DFCLTL ;\U|C SZL XS[ K[P DVD DF\ CD H[JL H
Platter GM p5IMU YFI K[P T[GL ;\U|C SZJFGL 1FDTF 4.7 GB
H[8,L CMI K[PDVD DF AgG[ AFH] V[ DFlCTLG[ Record SZL XSFI K[P

DVD D]bITJ[ +6 5|SFZGL CMI K[P

DVD-R VG[ DVD-RW: -

DVD-R 5|SFZGL DVD DF OZLYL write SZJFGL 5ZJFGUL
CMTL GYLP HIFZ[ DVD-RW DF\ OZLYL write SZJFGL 5ZUFGUL

• DVD-RAM :
DVD RAM BF; 5|SFZGL record SZJFGL ;]lJWF CMI K[P
;FDFgI ZLT[ DVD-RAM GM DVD-DF H p5IMU YFI K[P reco
TYPES OF CD
 BLUE RAY DISK
Blu-ray disc G[ blu-ray disc VYJF BD GF GFDYL 56 VM/BFDF\ VFJ[ K[P
Blu-ray V[ V[S 5|SFZG]\ optical disk storage medium K[P T[GM p5IMU
JWFZ[ D[DZLJF/F video, audio VG[ data GM ;\U|C SZJF DF8[
YFI K[P
F,DF\ single-side JF/L DVD GM p5IMU JWFZ[5|DF6DF\
FI K[P VF DVDDF\ 4.7GB (Gigabytes) ;]WL DFlCTLGM
DFJ[X YFI K[P 5Z\T] HIFZ[ movie S[ data GL size JWFZ[
|DF6DF\ CMI single-side JF/L DVD SZTF\ 5F\R U6M ;DI JWFZ[ ,FU[ K[P VG[ VFYL
Disc G[ 5F\R U5F JWFZ[ storage GL H~Z 50[ K[P
CJ[GF ;DIDF\ single-side JF/L DVDVYJF VCDSZTF blu-ray disc GM
p5IMU JWFZ[ 5|DF6DF\ HMJF D/X[P SFZ6 S[ blu-ray disc V[ JWFZ[ 5|
DF6DF\data, video, digital audio JU[Z[G[ record VG[ store SZ[ K[P Blu-
ray disc GL size DVD GL size H[8,L H CMI K[P
 Blu-ray disc A[ 5|SFZGL K[P

•Single-layer blu-ray disc

•Double-layer blu- rat disc

single- layer blu-ray disc :

• VF 5|SFZGL disc DF\ 25 GB ;]WL data, video JU[Z[GM ;DFJ[X SZL XS

double-layer blu-ray disc:

VF 5|SFZGL disc DF\ 50GB ;]WL data, video, digital audio JU[Z[GM
;DFJ[X SZL XSFI K[P