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Roll # : 09
Submitted to: Sir Ahmad Tisman Pasha
iPad
I pad
 The I pad (pronounced as
eye-pad) is a line of tablet
computers designed,
developed and marketed
by Apple Inc. primarily as
a platform for audio-
visual media including
books, periodicals,
movies, music, games,
and web content.
Continued…
 The iPad runs the same operating system as the iPod Touch and
iPhone—and can run its own applications as well as iPhone
applications. Without modification, and with the exception of
websites, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed
via its online store.
 Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch
display—a departure from most previous tablet computers, which used
a pressure-triggered stylus—as well as a virtual onscreen keyboard in
lieu of a physical keyboard. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to
browse the Internet, load and stream media, and install software.
Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can
connect to HSPA or EV-DO data networks. The device is managed and
synced by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
Sale of Ipad & Ipad 2
 Apple released the first iPad in
April 2010, and sold 3 million of
the devices in 80 days. During
2010, Apple sold 14.8 million
iPads worldwide, representing
75 percent of tablet PC sales at
the end of 2010.By the release
of the iPad 2 in March 2011,
more than 15 million iPads had
been sold more than all other
tablet PCs combined. In 2011, it
is expected to take 83 percent of
the tablet computing market
share in the United States.
History
 Prehistory

Apple's first tablet computer was the Newton MessagePad 100, introduced in
1993, which led to the creation of the ARM6 processor core with Acorn
Computers. Apple also developed a prototype PowerBook Duo-based tablet, the
PenLite, but decided not to sell it in order to avoid hurting MessagePad sales.
Apple released several more Newton-based PDAs; the final one, the MessagePad
2100, was discontinued in 1998.

Apple re-entered the mobile-computing market in 2007 with the iPhone.

Smaller than the iPad but featuring a camera and mobile phone, it pioneered the
multi touch finger-sensitive touchscreen interface of Apple's iOS mobile operating
system. By late 2009, the iPad's release had been rumored for several years. Such
speculation mostly talked about "Apple's tablet"; specific names included iTablet
and iSlate. The eventual name is reportedly a homage to the Star Trek PADD, a
fictional device very similar in appearance to the iPad.[citation needed] The iPad
was announced on January 27, 2010, by Steve Jobs at an Apple press conference
at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco.

Jobs later said Apple began developing the iPad before the iPhone, but
temporarily shelved the effort upon realizing that its ideas would work just as
well in a mobile phone.
 First generation
 Apple began taking pre-orders for the iPad from U.S. customers on March 12, 2010. The only major change to the device
between its announcement and being available to pre-order was the change of the behavior of the side switch from sound
muting to that of a screen rotation lock. The Wi-Fi version of the iPad went on sale in the United States on April 3, 2010.
The Wi-Fi + 3G version was released on April 30.3G service in the United States is provided by AT&T and was initially sold
with two prepaid contract-free data plan options: one for unlimited data and the other for 250 MB per month at half the
price. On June 2, 2010, AT&T announced that effective June 7 the unlimited plan would be replaced for new customers with
a 2 GB plan at slightly lower cost; existing customers would have the option to keep the unlimited plan.The plans are
activated on the iPad itself and can be canceled at any time.

 The iPad was initially only available online at The Apple Store as well as the company's retail locations. The iPad has since
been available for purchase through many retailers including Amazon, Wal-Mart, Best Buy, Verizon, and AT&T. The iPad
was launched in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, Switzerland and the United Kingdom on May 28.
Online pre-orders in those countries began on May 10. Apple released the iPad in Austria, Belgium, Hong Kong, Ireland,
Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand and Singapore on July 23, 2010. Israel briefly prohibited importation of
the iPad because of concerns that its Wi-Fi might interfere with other devices.On September 17, 2010, the iPad officially
launched in China.

 The device was initially popular with 300,000 iPads being sold on their first day of availability.By May 3, 2010, Apple had
sold a million iPads,this was in half the time it took Apple to sell the same number of original iPhones. during the October
18, 2010, Financial Conference Call, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had sold more iPads than Macs for the Fiscal
Quarter. In total, Apple sold more than 15 million first generation iPads prior to the launch of the iPad 2.
Ipad 2
 The iPad 2 is thinner and lighter than its predecessor, and is available
in black or white (shown).

 Apple Inc. CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the iPad 2, the second generation
of the device, at a March 2, 2011, press conference, despite being on
medical leave at the time. About 33% thinner than its predecessor, the
iPad 2 has a better processor, a dual core Apple A5 that Apple says is
twice as fast as its predecessor for CPU operations and up to nine
times as fast for GPU operations. It includes front and back cameras
that support Face Time, as well as a three-axis gyroscope. It retains
the original's 10-hour battery life and has a similar pricing scheme.
While prices were kept the same in the United States, the iPad 2 sold
for less in other countries, such as the United Kingdom.[citation
needed].

 The iPad 2 has been available for purchase, depending on stock

availability, since March 11, 2011, at Apple retail stores in the United
States, as well as to United States customers shopping online at
Apple's retail website. The iPad 2 was released internationally in 25
other countries on March 25, 2011, including Australia, Canada,
France, Germany, Japan, Mexico and the United Kingdom, but not
Japan as originally scheduled due to the earthquake and tsunami.
iPad owners who bought a first-generation iPad directly from Apple
within two weeks before the announcement are eligible for a $100
reimbursement from Apple.
Hardware
Screen and input

 The iPad's touchscreen display is a 9.7 in (25 cm) liquid crystal display (1024 × 768
pixels) with fingerprint-resistant and scratch-resistant glass. Steve Jobs backed the
choice of screen size, saying a 7-inch screen would be "too small to express the
software."He said 10 inches was the minimum for a tablet screen. Like the iPhone, the
iPad is designed to be controlled by bare fingers; normal gloves and styli that prevent
electrical conductivity may not be used, although there are special gloves and
capacitive styli designed for this use.

 The display responds to other sensors: an ambient light sensor to adjust screen
brightness and a 3-axis accelerometer to sense iPad orientation and switch between
portrait and landscape modes. Unlike the iPhone and iPod touch built-in applications,
which work in three orientations (portrait, landscape-left and landscape-right), the
iPad built-in applications support screen rotation in all four orientations, including
upside-down. Consequently, the device has no intrinsic "native" orientation; only the
relative position of the home button changes. The iPad 2 added a 3-axis gyroscope that
is used only third party apps, usually games.
Continued…
 There are four physical switches on the iPad, including a home button near the display that
returns the user to the main menu, and three plastic physical switches on the sides:
wake/sleep and volume up/down, plus a third which, whose function has changed with
software updates. Originally, the switch would lock the screen to its current orientation, but
the iOS 4.2 changed it to a mute switch, with rotation lock now available in an onscreen
menu. In the iOS 4.3 update, released with the iPad 2, a setting was added to allow the user
to specify whether the side switch was used for rotation lock or mute.

 Apple reduced the size of the iPad 2 by 33% compared to its predecessor by eliminating the
stamped sheet metal frame from the display, integrating new thinner glass technology for
the touch screen overlay, and slightly reducing the space between the display and battery.
The iPad 2's screen is thinner, lighter, and yet stronger than the original iPad's.

 The original iPad had no camera. The iPad 2 has front VGA camera and a rear-facing 720p
camera, both capable of still images and 30fps video. The rear facing camera has a 5x digital
zoom for still images only. Both shoot photo and video in a 4:3 fullscreen aspect ratio, unlike
the iPhone 4, which shoots in a 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio. It also lacks the iPhone's tap to
focus feature. The cameras allow FaceTime video messaging with iPhone 4, iPod Touch 4, and
Snow Leopard Macs.
Connectivity
 The iPad can use Wi-Fi network trilateration from
Skyhook Wireless to provide location information to
applications such as Google Maps. The 3G model contains
A-GPS to allow its position to be calculated with GPS or
relative to nearby cell phone towers; it also has a black
plastic accent on the back side to improve 3G radio
sensitivity.

 For wired connectivity, the iPad has only a TRRS

headphone jack and a proprietary Apple dock connector;
it lacks the Ethernet and USB ports of larger computers.
Audio and output
 The iPad has two internal mono speakers located on the bottom-right of the
unit. In the original iPad, the speakers push sound through two small sealed
channels leading to the three audio ports carved into the device, while the iPad
2 has its speakers behind a single grill.

 A volume switch is on the right side of the unit. A 3.5-mm TRRS connector
audio-out jack on the top-left corner of the device provides stereo sound for
headphones with or without microphones and/or volume controls. The iPad
also contains a microphone that can be used for voice recording.

 The built-in Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR interface allows wireless headphones and
keyboards to be used with the iPad. However, the iOS does not currently
support file transfer via Bluetooth. iPad also features 1024 x 768 VGA video
output for limited applications, screen capture, connecting an external display
or television through an accessory adapter.
Power and battery
 The iPad uses an internal rechargeable lithium-ion polymer battery (LiPo). The batteries are
made in Taiwan by Simplo Technology, which makes 60% of them, and Dynapack
International Technology. The iPad is designed to be charged with a high current (2 amperes)
using the included 10 W USB power adapter. While it can be charged by a standard USB port
from a computer, these are limited to 500 mill amperes (half an amp). As a result, if the iPad
is turned on while connected to a normal USB computer port, it may charge much more
slowly, or not at all. High-power USB ports found in newer Apple computers and accessories
provide full charging capabilities.

 The iPad 2 battery is 2.5 mm thick, 59% smaller than the original and has three cells instead
of two, allowing the injection-molded plastic support frame to be omitted.

 Apple claims that the battery for both generations of iPad can provide up to 10 hours of
video, 140 hours of audio playback, or one month on standby. Like any battery technology,
the iPad's LiPo battery loses capacity over time, but is not designed to be user-replaceable. In
a program similar to the battery-replacement program for the iPod and the original iPhone,
Apple will replace an iPad that does not hold an electrical charge with a refurbished iPad for
a fee of $99 (plus $6.95 shipping).
Storage and SIM
 The iPad was released with three capacity options for storage: 16, 32, or 64
GB of internal flash memory. All data is stored on the internal flash memory,
with no option to expand storage. Apple sells a camera connection kit with
an SD card reader, but it can only be used to transfer photos and videos.

 The side of the Wi-Fi + 3G model has a micro-SIM slot (not mini-SIM). Unlike
the iPhone, which is usually sold locked to specific carriers, the 3G iPad is
sold unlocked and can be used with any compatible GSM carrier. Japan is the
exception to this, where the iPad 3G is locked to Softbank. In the U.S., data
network access via T-Mobile's network is limited to slower EDGE cellular
speeds because T-Mobile's 3G Network uses different frequencies. The iPad 2
introduced a third tier of models with CDMA support for Verizon Wireless in
the United States, available separately from the AT&T capable version.
Optional accessories
 Apple offers several iPad accessories, most of which are adapters for the proprietary 30-pin
dock connector, the iPad's only port besides the headphone jack. A dock holds the iPad
upright at an angle, and has a dock connector and audio line out port. Each generation of
iPad requires a corresponding dock. A dock that included a physical keyboard is available only
for the original iPad, but both generations are compatible with Bluetooth keyboards that also
work with Macs and PCs. The iPad can be charged by a standalone power adapter ("wall
charger") also used for iPods and iPhones, and a 10W charger is included with the iPad.

 Apple sells a camera connection kit that consists of two separate adapters for the dock
connector, one to USB Type A, the other an SD card reader, meant to transfer photos and
videos. A third party sells an adapter that includes USB, SD, and microSD on a single unit. An
adapter to VGA connectors allows the iPad to work with external monitors and projectors.
Another adapter mirrors the screen onto HDMI compatible devices in 1080p and works with
all apps and rotations. Unlike other adapters, it allows the iPad to charge through another
dock connector. While the HDMI adapter was released with and advertised for the iPad 2, it
also works with the first generation iPad, the iPhone 4, and the fourth generation iPod Touch.
Continued…
 Smart Covers are screen protectors that magnetically attach
and align to the face of the iPad 2. The cover has three folds
which allow it to convert into a stand, which is also held
together by magnets. While original iPad owners could
purchase a black case that included a similarly folding cover,
the Smart Cover is meant to be more minimal, easily
detachable, and protects only the screen. Smart Covers have a
microfiber bottom that cleans the front of the iPad, which
wakes up when the cover is removed. There are five different
colors of both polyurethane and leather, with leather being
more expensive. Smart Covers are not compatible with the
original iPad.
Technical specifications
Manufacture
 The iPad is assembled by Foxconn, which also manufactures Apple's iPod, iPhone and Mac
Mini, in its largest plant in Shenzhen, China.[88] In April 2011 Foxconn announced that it would
be moving production of the iPad and other Apple products to Brazil where it could begin
production before the end of 2011.

 iSuppli estimated that each iPad 16 GB Wi-Fi version costs $259.60 to manufacture, a total that
excludes research, development, licensing, royalty and patent costs.[90] Apple does not
disclose the makers of iPad components, but teardown reports and analysis from industry
insiders indicate that various parts and their suppliers include:
 Apple A4 SoC: Samsung.
 NAND flash RAM chips: Toshiba; except Samsung for the 64 GB model.
 Touch-screen chips: Broadcom
 IPS Display: LG Display
 Touch panels: Wintek. (Got the job after TPK Touch Solutions was unable to fulfill its orders,
delaying the iPad's release from late March to early April.)
 Case: Catcher Technologies.
 LCD drivers: Novatek Microelectronics.
 Batteries: 60% are made in Taiwan by Simplo Technology, 40% by Dynapack International.
Accelerometer: STMicroelectronics.
Software
 Like the iPhone, with which it shares a development environment
(iPhone SDK, or software development kit, version 3.2 onwards), the
iPad only runs its own software, software downloaded from Apple's
App Store, and software written by developers who have paid for a
developer's license on registered devices. The iPad runs almost all
third-party iPhone applications, displaying them at iPhone size or
enlarging them to fill the iPad's screen. Developers may also create or
modify apps to take advantage of the iPad's features. Application
developers use iPhone SDK for developing applications for iPad. The
iPad has been shipping with a customized iPad-only version of iPhone
OS, dubbed v3.2. On September 1, it was announced the iPad would
get iOS 4.2 by November 2010. Apple released iOS 4.2.1 to the public
on November 22.
Applications
 The iPad comes with several applications, including Safari, Mail, Photos, Video, YouTube,
iPod, iTunes, App Store, iBooks, Maps, Notes, Calendar, Contacts, and Spotlight Search.
Several are improved versions of applications developed for the iPhone.

 The iPad syncs with iTunes on a Mac or Windows PC. Apple ported its iWork suite from the
Mac to the iPad, and sells pared down versions of Pages, Numbers, and Keynote apps in
the App Store. Although the iPad is not designed to replace a mobile phone, a user can use
a wired headset or the built-in speaker and microphone and place phone calls over Wi-Fi
or 3G using a VoIP application. The iPad has lots of third party applications available for it;
as of September 1, 2010, there were 25,000 iPad specific apps on the App Store. The iPad
cannot run the Xcode development suite since it uses iOS.

 In December 2010, Reuters reported that iPhone and iPad users have lodged a lawsuit
against Apple alleging that some applications were passing their information to third
party advertisers without consent.
Digital Rights Management

 The iPad employs Digital Rights Management intended to control certain software—including TV shows,
movies, and apps—and prevent its transfer or use outside of Apple's platform. Also, the iPad's
development model requires anyone creating an app for the iPad to sign a non-disclosure agreement
and pay for a developer subscription. Critics argue Apple's centralized app approval process and control
of the platform itself could stifle software innovation. Of particular concern to digital rights advocates is
Apple's ability to remotely disable or delete apps, media, or data on any iPad at any time.

 Digital rights advocates, including the Free Software Foundation, Electronic Frontier Foundation, and
computer engineer and activist Brewster Kahle, have criticized the iPad for its digital rights restrictions.
Paul Sweeting, an analyst with GigaOM, is quoted by National Public Radio saying, "With the iPad, you
have the anti-Internet in your hands. It offers [the major media companies] the opportunity to
essentially re-create the old business model, wherein they are pushing content to you on their terms
rather than you going out and finding content, or a search engine discovering content for you." But
Sweeting also thinks Apple's limitations make its products feel like living in a safe neighborhood, saying,
"Apple is offering you a gated community where there's a guard at the gate, and there's probably maid
service, too." Laura Sydell, the article's author, concludes, "As more consumers have fears about security
on the Internet, viruses and malware, they may be happy to opt for Apple's gated community."
Jail breaking
 Like other iOS Devices, the iPad can be
"jailbroken", allowing applications and programs
that are not authorized by Apple to run on the
device. Once jail broken, iPad users are able to
download many applications previously
unavailable through the App Store via unofficial
installers such as Cydia, as well as illegally
pirated applications. Apple claims jailbreaking
voids the factory warranty on the device in the
United States even though jailbreaking is legal.
Censorship
 Apple's App Store, which provides iPhone and iPad applications,
imposes censorship of content, which has become an issue for book
publishers and magazines seeking to use the platform. The Guardian
described the role of Apple as analogous to that of the distributor WH
Smith, a main distributor which for many years imposed content
restrictions on British publishers.

 Due to the exclusion of pornography from the App Store, YouPorn and
others changed their video format from Flash to H.264 and HTML5
specifically for the iPad. In an e-mail exchange with Ryan Tate from
Valley wag, Steve Jobs claimed that the iPad offers "freedom from
porn", leading to many upset replies including Adbustings in Berlin by
artist Johannes P. Osterhoff and in San Francisco during WWDC10.
Books, news, and magazine content

 The iPad has an optional iBooks application that can be downloaded from the App Store,
which displays books and other ePub-format content downloaded from the iBookstore.
For the iPad launch on April 3, 2010, the iBookstore is available only in the United States.
Several major book publishers including Penguin Books, HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster
and Macmillan have committed to publishing books for the iPad. Despite being a direct
competitor to both the Amazon Kindle and Barnes & Noble Nook, both Amazon.com and
Barnes & Noble have made Kindle & Nook apps available for the iPad.

 In February 2010, Condé Nast Publications said it would sell iPad subscriptions for its GQ,
Vanity Fair and Wired magazines by June.

 In April 2010, The New York Times announced it will begin publishing daily on the iPad. As
of October 2010, The New York Times iPad app is ad-supported and available for free
without a paid subscription, but will transition to a subscription-based model in 2011.
Major news organizations, such as The Wall Street Journal, BBC, and Reuters have
released iPad applications, to varying degrees of success.
Reception

 On May 28, 2010, the iPad was released in

Australia, Canada, and Japan, as well as
several larger European countries. Media
reaction to the launch was mixed. The media
noted the positive response from fans of the
device, with thousands of people queued on
the first day of sale in a number of these
countries.
Reaction to the announcement
 Media reaction to the iPad announcement was mixed. Walt Mossberg wrote,
"It's about the software, stupid", meaning hardware features and build are
less important to the iPad's success than software and user interface, his first
impressions of which were largely positive. Mossberg also called the price
"modest" for a device of its capabilities, and praised the ten-hour battery life.
Others, including PC Advisor and The Sydney Morning Herald, wrote that the
iPad would also compete with proliferating net books, most of which use
Microsoft Windows. The base model's $499 price was lower than pre-release
estimates by the tech press, Wall Street analysts, and Apple's competitors, all
of whom were expecting a much higher entry price point.

 CNET also criticized the iPad for its apparent lack of wireless sync which other
portable devices such as Microsoft's Zune have had for a number of years. The
built-in iTunes app is able to download from the Internet as well.
Reviews
 Reviews of the iPad have been generally favorable. Walt Mossberg of The Wall Street Journal called it a
"pretty close" laptop killer. David Pogue of The New York Times wrote a "dual" review, one part for
technology-minded people, and the other part for non-technology-minded people. In the former section,
he notes that a laptop offers more features for a cheaper price than the iPad. In his review for the latter
audience, however, he claims that if his readers like the concept of the device and can understand what its
intended uses are, then they will enjoy using the device. PC Magazine's Tim Gideon wrote, "you have
yourself a winner" that "will undoubtedly be a driving force in shaping the emerging tablet landscape."
Michael Arrington of TechCrunch said, "the iPad beats even my most optimistic expectations. This is a new
category of device. But it also will replace laptops for many people."

 PC World criticized the iPad's file sharing and printing abilities. and Ars Technica said sharing files with a
computer is "one of our least favorite parts of the iPad experience."

 The media also praised the quantity of applications, as well as the bookstore and other media
applications. In contrast they criticized the iPad for being a closed system and mentioned that the iPad
faces competition from Android based tablets. However, the Android tablet OS, known as Honeycomb, is
not open source and has fewer apps available for it than for the iPad. The Independent criticized the iPad
for not being as readable in bright light as paper but praised it for being able to store large quantities of
books. After its UK release the Telegraph said the iPad's lack of Adobe Flash support was "annoying."
Recognition

 The iPad was selected by

Time Magazine as one of the
50 Best Inventions of the Year
2010, while Popular Science
chose it as the top gadget
behind the overall "Best of
What's New 2010" winner
Groasis Waterboxx.
Usage
Business
 While the iPad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up
by business users. Some companies are adopting iPads in their business
offices by distributing or making available the iPads to employees.
Examples of uses in the workplace include attorneys responding to
clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient
exams, and managers approving employee requests.

 A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that iPad usage in office workplaces
is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced
paperwork, and increased revenue. The research firm estimates that
"The mobile-office application market in North America may reach
$6.85 billion in 2015, up from an estimated $1.76 billion [in 2010]."
Education
 The iPad has several uses in the classroom, and has been
praised as a valuable tool for homeschooling. Soon after the
iPad was released, it was reported that 81% of the top book
apps were for children. The iPad has also been called a
revolutionary tool to help children with autism learn how to
communicate and socialize more easily.

 Many colleges and universities have also used the iPad.

Youngstown State University in Youngstown, Ohio, began
offering three-hour rentals for the iPad for its Fall 2010
semester, in addition to rentals for the Amazon Kindle, laptop
computers, and Flip cameras.
Sports
 During the 2010 Major League Baseball free agent
season, the agent for the player Carl Crawford was
sending iPads to prospective teams interested in
Mr. Crawford. These iPads were pre-loaded with
video clips highlighting his player, and how it
would benefit their team to have him.

 Fans attending Super Bowl XLV, the first Super

Bowl since the iPad was released, could use an
official NFL app to navigate Cowboys Stadium.
Music

 The iPad is able to support many music creation

applications in addition to the iTunes music
playback software. These include sound samplers,
guitar and voice effects processors, sequencers for
synthesized sounds and sampled loops, virtual
synthesizers and drum machines, theremin-style
and other touch responsive instruments, drum pads
and many more. Gorillaz's 2010 album, The Fall,
was created almost exclusively using the iPad by
Damon Albarn while on tour with the band.