Lecture1 Intro DSP

Digital Signal Processing
1
Course Details
• Objective
– Establish a background in Digital Signal Processing Theory
• Required Text
– Digital Signal Processing using MATLAB (Vinay K. Ingle, John G. Proakis
– K. Sanjit, and Mitra, Digital Signal Processing. McGraw-Hill International
Editions.,2008
– Ludeman, and Lonnie, Fundamentals of Digital Signal Processing.
Prentice Hall., 2005
– Oppenheim, V. Allan, and R.W. Schafer, Discrete Time Signal
Processing. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, USA.,1994
• Grading
– Midterm #1: 20%
– Midterm #2: 20%
– Homework: 20%
– Final: 40%
• Homework:
– Problems
– MATLAB assignments
2
DSP is Everywhere
• Sound applications
– Compression, enhancement, special effects, synthesis,
recognition, echo cancellation,…
– Cell Phones, MP3 Players, Movies, Dictation, Text-to-speech,…
• Communication
– Modulation, coding, detection, equalization, echo cancellation,…
– Cell Phones, dial-up modem, DSL modem, Satellite Receiver,…
• Automotive
– ABS, GPS, Active Noise Cancellation, Cruise Control, Parking,…
• Medical
– Magnetic Resonance, Tomography, Electrocardiogram,…
• Military
– Radar, Sonar, Space photographs, remote sensing,…
• Image and Video Applications
– DVD, JPEG, Movie special effects, video conferencing,…
• Mechanical
– Motor control, process control, oil and mineral prospecting,…
3
Course Outline
• Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

• Discrete-Time Signals and System
– Discrete-Time Signals
– Discrete Sysmtems
– Convolution
– Difference Equations
• The Z-Transform
– Z-Transform
– Properties of the Region of Convergence of the z-Transform
– The Inverse Z-Transform
– Z-Transform Properties
• Filter Design Techniques
– Design of Discrete-Time IIR Filters from Continuous-Time Filters
– Design of FIR Filters by Windowing
4
Course Outline
• The Discrete-Fourier Transform
– Discrete Fourier Series
– Properties of the Discrete Fourier Series
– The Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals
– Sampling the Fourier Transform
– The Discrete Fourier Transform
– Properties of the DFT
• Computation of the Discrete-Fourier Transform
5
Signal Processing
• Humans are the most advanced signal processors
– speech and pattern recognition, speech synthesis,…
• We encounter many types of signals in various applications
– Electrical signals: voltage, current, magnetic and electric fields,…
– Mechanical signals: velocity, force, displacement,…
– Acoustic signals: sound, vibration,…
– Other signals: pressure, temperature,…
• Most real-world signals are analog
– They are continuous in time and amplitude
– Convert to voltage or currents using sensors and transducers
• Analog circuits process these signals using
– Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Amplifiers,…
• Analog signal processing examples
– Audio processing in FM radios
– Video processing in traditional TV sets
6
Limitations of Analog Signal Processing
• Accuracy limitations due to
– Component tolerances
– Undesired nonlinearities
• Limited repeatability due to
– Tolerances
– Changes in environmental conditions
• Temperature
• Vibration
• Sensitivity to electrical noise
• Limited dynamic range for voltage and currents
• Inflexibility to changes
• Difficulty of implementing certain operations
– Nonlinear operations
– Time-varying operations
• Difficulty of storing information
7
Digital Signal Processing
• Represent signals by a sequence of numbers
– Sampling or analog-to-digital conversions
• Perform processing on these numbers with a digital processor
– Digital signal processing
• Reconstruct analog signal from processed numbers
– Reconstruction or digital-to-analog conversion
digital digital
signal signal
analog analog
signal A/D DSP D/A signal
• Analog input – analog output

– Digital recording of music
• Analog input – digital output
– Touch tone phone dialing
• Digital input – analog output
– Text to speech
• Digital input – digital output
– Compression of a file on computer
8
Pros and Cons of Digital Signal Processing
• Pros
– Accuracy can be controlled by choosing word length
– Repeatable
– Sensitivity to electrical noise is minimal
– Dynamic range can be controlled using floating point numbers
– Flexibility can be achieved with software implementations
– Non-linear and time-varying operations are easier to implement
– Digital storage is cheap
– Digital information can be encrypted for security
– Price/performance and reduced time-to-market
• Cons
– Sampling causes loss of information
– A/D and D/A requires mixed-signal hardware
– Limited speed of processors
– Quantization and round-off errors

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Digital Signal Processing

• Introduction to Digital Signal Processing

• Analog input – analog output

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