Hope Optimism and Resilience

Hope optimism and
resilience
What is hope??
 Snyder et al. (1991) defines hope as “a positive motivational state that is

based on an interactively derived sense of successful (a) agency (goal-
oriented energy) and (b) pathways (planning to meet goals).
 This meaning of hope consists of both the “willpower” (agency) and the
“waypower” (pathways). Importantly, considerable research over the past
several years indicates it has a very positive impact on academic
achievement, athletic accomplishment, emotional health, the ability to cope
with illness and other hardships.
Hope
 Hope is also found to be a component of caregiving by Boland and Sims (1996)

 Hope for family caregivers of chronically ill population emerged as four
interconnecting themes: engaging, strengthening, and maintaining
connections; easing of self; finding meaning in the situation; and acceptance
(Revier, Meiers & Herth, 2012).
 Hope is an important determinants of caregiver burden; findings of study by
Utne, Miaskowski, Paul & Rustoen (2013) suggests that family caregivers with
lower levels of hope represent a high-risk group for higher levels of caregiver
burden.
 Thestudy by Duggleby, Williams, et.al. (2014)
formulated that participants with higher hope
scores had higher mental health scores, lower
perceptions of loss and grief scores, and higher
scores in their confidence in their ability to deal
with difficult situations (self-efficacy).
 . There is a direct work-related impact of hope. For
example, Snyder and colleagues, in an ongoing survey of
U.S. firms, have found that those with higher-hope human
resources are more profitable, have higher retention
rates, and have greater levels of employee satisfaction
and commitment
OPTIMISM
 Cranny et al. used the term happiness to refer to

optimism. Scheier and Carver defined optimism as a set of
generalized positive outcome expectancies. According to
their conceptualization, people who generally expect that
things will go their way and believe that they will have
more good outcomes than bad, are dispositionally
optimistic
 Itis a major construct in positive psychology.
There is a positive impact of optimism on physical
and psychological health which leads to academic,
athletic, political and occupational success. By
the same token, pessimism is known to lead to
passivity, failure, social estrangement, and, in its
extreme, depression and mortality.
 There have been only a small number of studies investigating the
influence of optimism on performance or work related behaviors.
Strutton and Lumpkin found that the optimism-performance
relationship was moderated by the type of coping strategies used to
deal with stress in the workplace
Optimism in the Workplace
 Optimism could be a very positive force in the workplace. For example,

optimists may be motivated to work harder; be more satisfied and have high
morale; have high levels of aspiration and set stretch goals; persevere in the
face of obstacles and difficulties and make attributions of personal failures
and setbacks as temporary, not as personal inadequacy
Optimism and Well-Being
 Optimism is a major contributor to employee well-being. It affects

our personal growth, our sense of purpose in work, our relations with
others, our pride in our accomplishments, and our general level of
happiness in work. These attitudes in turn contribute to personal
satisfaction, good health, and work fulfillment
 Shifren & Hooker (1995) studied the stability of optimism in
caregivers and concluded that the caregivers showed variability in
optimism over time, and their state optimism could be differentiated
from their affect. Fotiadou, Barlow, Powell & Langton (2007)
established in their study that parents of children with cancer had
higher levels of anxiety and depression, together with greater levels
of optimism, satisfaction with life and subjective health perception
 Also, optimism was significantly correlated with satisfaction with life,
subjective health perception, anxiety and depression. Optimism was found to
be related to better mental and Mental Health and Well-Being of Caregivers:
A Review of the Literature © The International Journal of Indian Psychology,
ISSN 2348-5396 (e)| ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) | 102 physical health, also
dispositional optimism played a significant role as a psychological resource in
the study conducted by Greenberg, Seltzer, Krauss, Chou & Hong (2010)
Resilience
 The capacity to “bounce back” from adversity or even

dramatic positive changes is particularly relevant in
today’s turbulent business environment. As a component
of positive organizational behavior, resiliency is viewed
“as the capacity to rebound or bounce back from
adversity, conflict, failure or even positive events,
progress and increased responsibility
 Organizational resilience is the ability and capacity of a workplace to
withstand potential significant economic times, systemic risk, or systemic
disruptions by adapting, recovering, or resisting being affected and resuming
core operations or continuing to provide an acceptable level of functioning
and structure
 Resilience has been found as predictor of mental health in caregivers in the study
of Clark and Hartman (1996)
 .Findings of study of Fraser & Pakenham (2009) suggest that some resilience
factors have a differential impact on adjustment and caregiving, and support the
focus of interventions on modifying resilience factors.
 Though studies also suggest that psychological resilience constructs don’t
contribute to the prediction of life satisfaction (Kupferschimdt, 2009). Scott
(2010) established in his study that as resilience increased, caregiver burden
decreased.
 Cassidy, Giles & McLaughlin (2013) identified resilience and benefit finding as
accounting for significant amounts of variance in positive health and mediating
the impact of caregiving in young caregivers, where benefit finding seems to be
related to social recognition of the caregiving role and to family support.
THANK YOU

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Hope optimism and

 Snyder et al. (1991) defines hope as “a positive motivational state that is

 Hope is also found to be a component of caregiving by Boland and Sims (1996)

 Cranny et al. used the term happiness to refer to

 Optimism could be a very positive force in the workplace. For example,

 Optimism is a major contributor to employee well-being. It affects

 The capacity to “bounce back” from adversity or even

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