Ee 2352 - Solid State Drives Unit-V Synchronous Motor Drives Mr.R.Essaki Raj, Senior Lecturer

EE 2352 - SOLID STATE DRIVES
UNIT-V
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVES
Mr.R.Essaki Raj,
Senior Lecturer
1
Contents
 Open loop volts/HZ speed control of synchronous

motors.
 Self control.
 Separate control.
 Attractive feature of a synchronous motor.
 Synchronous motor operating with square wave
inverter
 Synchronous motor operating with pwm inverter
 Brushless excitation of synchronous machine
2
Open loop volts/Hz speed control of synchronous motors.
(Control of Synchronous Motors)
 Possible with variable frequency converter.

 Variable frequency synchronous motor can be
controlled to possesses the characteristics of a
separately excited dc motor. (E & V are
controlled in proportion to frequency in order to
keep air gap flux constant)
3
Open loop Volts/Hz speed control of synchronous
motors
4
open loop volts/hz speed control characteristics

5
Self control
A Synchronous motor in self controlled mode is

called “commutator less Dc motor”.
The frequency becomes the slave the speed.
6
Basic features of self-controlled synchronous
machine
 The inverter, controller and absolute position encoder - act

as electronic commutator
 Electronic commutator replaces the mechanical commutators
and brushes (mechanical inverter) of traditional dc machine
 The flux phasor diagram rotate at synchronous speed
7
Basic features of self-controlled synchronous
machine
 Control can modify the angle between the flux phasors

 Because of self-control, machine does not show any stability
or hunting problem of traditional synchronous machine
 The transient response is fast – similar to dc machine
 The rotor inertia is smaller than dc machine with high energy
magnet
8
Self-controlled synchronous motor analogy
9
Self Control Principle
 Commutation of the converter feeding the motor is

controlled through the rotor position information from a
shaft encoder.
 Under over excitation the motor voltages can be
employed to commutate the thyristors at the inverter.
Now the inverter becomes simple. But at low speeds
commutation assistance is required.
10
 Rotor position is sensed and the firing signals to
the devices are synchronized to the motor
position.
 For every 600 rotation of the rotor a new device
in the sequence is fired.
Contd..
11
 For rotation of the rotor by 2 pole pitches all the six
devices will receive firing pulses.
 Using this control the angle between the rotor and
the stator mmf (Torque Angle) can be controlled.
This is not possible in separately excited motor.
 Synchronous motor in self control is called as
Commutator less motor having the steady state
performance of the separately excited DC motor
12
Separate control
The speed is the slave the frequency.
13
Separate control principle
 Supply Frequency to the synchronous motor is

controlled from the inverter which receives its firing
pulses from a frequency controlled oscillator.
 The machine will exhibits conventional behavior.
 Up to base speed the motor operates at constant
torque and above base speed are obtained by
clamping the voltage at rated voltage. Frequency
can be increased and the motor operates in flux
weakening region
14
Separate control block diagram
15
Draw backs of Separate control
Hunting
Poor dynamic Behavior.
16
Attractive feature of a synchronous machine
 Load commutation is possible only with CSI and not

with VSI.
Load Commutated Inverter fed Synchronous Motor
17
 When forced commutation is required, the motor
may be operated at UPF.
 To provide the necessary reactive power of the
converter when the motor is over excited
 Load Commutation can be used when the
cycloconverter is feeding the motor. When using
cycloconverter, commutation difficulty is over come
by utilising line commutation.
18
Synchronous motor operating with square wave
inverter
19
Synchronous motor operating with square wave
inverter
 Speed Range
◦ Medium to High
 Braking
◦ Dynamic Braking Possible. Regeneration not
straight forward.
 Harmonics
◦ Heating effect is high at lower frequency
Contd..
20
 Torque Pulsations
◦Problem at Low speed
 Power Factor
◦Low Line pf
 High Cost
 Efficiency
◦Moderately good
 Open loop Control is possible.
 Staring by cage winding or by open loop method
Contd..
21
Synchronous motor operating with
pwm inverter
22
Features
 Speed Range
◦ Very wide Speed range upto zero speed is
possible
 Braking
◦ Dynamic Braking Possible. Regeneration
possible if primary supply is dc.
 Harmonics
◦ Nearly Sinusoidal
23
 Torque Pulsations
◦Minimal
 Power Factor
◦Line pf closer to Unity.
 High Cost
 Efficiency
◦Good
 Open loop Control is possible.
24
Brushless excitation of synchronous machine
25
References
 BimalK. Bose. ‘Modern Power Electronics and AC

Drives’, Pearson Education, 2002.
 G.K. Dubey, ‘Power semi-conductor controlled
drives’, prentice hall of india, 1989.
26

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EE 2352 - SOLID STATE DRIVES

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVES

 Open loop volts/HZ speed control of synchronous

 Possible with variable frequency converter.

A Synchronous motor in self controlled mode is

 The inverter, controller and absolute position encoder - act

 Control can modify the angle between the flux phasors

 Commutation of the converter feeding the motor is

The speed is the slave the frequency.

 Supply Frequency to the synchronous motor is

 Load commutation is possible only with CSI and not

Load Commutated Inverter fed Synchronous Motor

 BimalK. Bose. ‘Modern Power Electronics and AC

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