BAVILE PASTE (BAKING SODA,

VINEGAR, and LEMON JUICE)

AS A NON-TOXIC CLEANING
AGENT
Background of the Study

 Cleaning agents are substances (usually liquids, powders, sprays, or

granules) used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and
clutter on surfaces. Purposes of cleaning agents include health, beauty,
removing offensive odour, and avoiding the spread of dirt and
contaminants to oneself and others. Some cleaning agents can kill
bacteria (e.g. door handle bacteria, as well as bacteria on worktops
and other metallic surfaces) and clean at the same time. Others, called
degreasers, contain organic solvents to help dissolve oils and fats
(Wisniewski, 2007).
 Furthermore, many cleaning supplies or household products can
irritate the eyes or throat, or cause headaches and other health
problems, including cancer. Some products release dangerous
chemicals, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Other
harmful ingredients include ammonia and bleach. Even natural
fragrances such as citrus can react to produce dangerous pollutants
indoors. VOCs and other chemicals released when using cleaning
supplies contribute to chronic respiratory problems, allergic reactions
and headaches. Studies are underway to assess how these chemicals
affect people who have asthma and other respiratory illnesses
(Kanchongkittiphon, et al; 2015).
In that case, there are some home remedies that are non-toxic
and organic. For example, baking soda is good for cleaning
because it is a mild alkali, which means it can get rid of
grease and dirt. When removing dirt from any surface use a
sponge, water, and baking soda to clean it. Baking Soda is a
great cleaner for plastic, steel, chrome, and glass. Baking
soda is non-toxic because it is pure and an all-natural
product. It is safe to use around children unlike other
cleaning products (Sutherland, 2010).
Also, vinegar is acid based that comes from a biological
process where grains, fruits, and vegetables are broken down
and turns carbohydrates into acetic acid. Vinegar is not
harmful to the environment because it is biodegradable.
Vinegar wipes out bacteria, germs, and molds. Vinegar can
break up water mineral deposits because vinegar is an acid. It
can clean drains, showers, and sinks (Borelli, 2013).
Lastly, the tree's ellipsoidal yellow fruit (lemon) is used for
culinary and non-culinary purposes throughout the world,
primarily for its juice, which has both culinary and cleaning
uses (Morton, 1987). As you probably know if you’ve ever
bitten down into a lemon, these fruits are pretty sour.
Chemically speaking, what your tongue interprets as sour is
citric acid. Lemons are quite acidic — more acidic than
orange juice and black coffee, although not quite as acidic as
your stomach juices — and this is the key to their
effectiveness as cleaning agents(Ossola, 2016).
They can eliminate stains caused by other acids, or
combine with alkaline compounds to create powerful
chemical reactions. Lots of things that stain clothes,
including wine, coffee, lipstick, paint, and sweat, are
acidic. Because like dissolves like, these stains need
an acidic water-based solution. And the same principle
holds for food-stained surfaces like cutting boards,
plates, or bowls (Ossola, 2016).
With that, the researchers will combine the following
ingredients to make a product in a form of paste. The product
is likewise to home remedies but the product can be bought
and sold at the market. Also, the researcher’s aims to present
the effectiveness of the mixture of vinegar, baking soda, and
lemon juice used as a non-toxic cleaning agent. And through
this study, people and the community, especially the students
will find the product as an effective non-toxic cleaning
agent; the product can be a substitute to toxic cleaning agent
like muriatic acid.
Objectives

The primary objective of this study is to

investigate the effectiveness of the mixture of
baking soda, vinegar, and lemon juice, as a non-
toxic cleaning agent. And it also aims to develop
a product that is non-toxic and organic. The
product can be a substitute to toxic cleaning agent like
muriatic acid.
Statement of the Problem

This study is guided the question that follows:

How effective is the vinegar, baking soda,
toothpaste, and lemon juice mixture used as a non-
toxic cleaning agent in terms of:
Removing stains
Sensitivity to skin
Smell
Scope and Limitation

The central focused of this study is the bavile paste

(baking soda, vinegar, and lemon juice) used as a non-
toxic cleaning agent. The researcher aims to determine
the effectiveness of bavile paste in terms of: a.
removing stains, b. sensitivity to skin, and c. smell.
The study only includes the ingredients chosen
for bavile paste.
Methodology
 Design and Methodology
 This chapter presents the research design and methods, duration
and locale of the study, population, materials and procedures which
are significant in the completion of the study.
 Research Methods and Design
This study was undertaken in a qualitative-quantitative approach
for gathering data and analysis of results.
The researcher used descriptive investigation that tends to describe
or quantify parts of a natural system.
2.3 Duration and Locale of the Study
 The researchers will undergo a 3 weeks trial. 1 week is
allotted for every trial. The research study will take place
at San Quintin, Pangasinan.
2.4. Population, Subjects and Test Organisms
 Feedbacks and responses are given by 30 students from
San Quintin National High School. Respondents are
chosen randomly to avoid biasness.
Materials and Procedures

Materials Ingredients
6 tsp baking soda
Bowl
2 tsp vinegar
Spoon
5 tsp lemon juice
Measuring spoon
 

Knife
Procedures

 In a bowl, using the measuring spoon, put the 6 tsp of baking soda.
 Next, pour the 2 tsp of vinegar in the bowl. Upon pouring, you might have
observe that the poured vinegar reacted to the baking soda creating bubbles. That
is because it undergoes double displacement reaction wherein one mole of
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) reacts with one mole of liquid acetic acid
(vinegar) to produce one mole of each carbon dioxide (Helmenstine, 2019,).
 And, cut the lemon in two and squeeze out the juice from it. Using a measuring
spoon pour the 5 tsp of lemon juice into the bowl.
 Using a spoon, mix it well until you get the paste consistency of the mixture.
 Upon achieving the paste consistency, transfer the mixture into any available
container.
 Treatment of the Data

 The data were gathered collated, tabulated, and treated according to the requirements of the study, after
which the data were analysed and were interpreted to answer the problems being posed.
 In the first trial, the researchers used observation method in describing the bavile paste. The product was
observed according to its appearance, consistency, and scent. The data were expressed descriptively.
 In the second trial, the researchers used survey method, specifically questionnaires, to identify the bavile
paste in the field of effectiveness in cleaning, texture and smell, sensitivity to skin, and overall
satisfaction. The responses generated were contextualized according to the intention of the study as
follows.
 In the third trial, the researchers improved the texture and smell of the product which has been unveiled
to be what is lacking on the product prior to the result of the previous trial. The researchers used
observation in identifying the effectiveness of the product in cleaning different stains in a different
surface.
Results and Discussion

 This chapter deals with the data presentation, analysis,

and interpretation of the data gathered needed to answer the
research problems of this study.
 Utilizing the brain to its fullest to innovate and produce a
safe, convenient, and effective product is the main goal of
this research. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness
of the bavile paste used as a non-toxic cleaning agent. And it
also aims to develop a product that is non-toxic and organic.
First Trial

The bavile paste was observed according to its; appearance,

consistency, and scent. In terms of bavile paste appearance, it
appeared that the product has a color of yellow and paste-
like consistency. While on the consistency, the product
changed its texture form paste to solid. The time needed for
the product to change its consistency is one hour. Lastly, on
the product’s scent, it has the fragrance of lemon due to the
lemon juice that has put into the product.
Figure 1.1 Shows the appearance Figure 2.2 Shows the consistency Figure 1.3. Shows the respondent
of the product of the product smelling the product
Second Trial

The researchers conducted an actual demonstration in front

of the respondents according to the following areas and
respective sub-areas: Effectiveness; Cleaning,
Characteristics: Smell and Texture, and Sensitivity to skin.
Also, the researchers disseminated questionnaires. The
questionnaires are evaluated to identify the effectiveness of
the bavile paste used as a non-toxic cleaning agent. The
tables below show the result of the gathered data from the
questionnaires:
Cleaning

 
      Responses  

No. Area Description Very Poor Fair Good Excellent Total

Poor

1 Effectiveness Cleaning 0 1 4 11 14 30

Table 1. Shows the frequencies in the

effectiveness in cleaning of the product.
Smell

 
      Responses  

No. Area Description Very Poor Fair Good Excellent Total

Poor

2 Characteristics Smell 0 5 6 15 4 30

Table 2. Shows the frequencies in the

characteristics of smell of the product.
Texture
 
      Responses  

No. Total
Area Description Very Poor Fair Good Excellent

Poor

2 Characteristics Texture 0 2 5 19 4 30

Table 3. Shows the frequencies in the characteristics of

texture of the product.
Skin
 
      Responses  

No. Total
Area Description Very Poor Fair Good Excellent

Poor

3 Characteristics Texture 0 0 4 12 14 30

Table 4. Shows the frequencies in the sensitivity to the skin

 Table 5. Shows the frequencies in the overall satisfaction

Overall Satisfaction
 
      Responses  

No. Area Description Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent   Total

1 Overall I’m satisfied with the            

Satisfaction performance of bavile paste as            

a non-toxic cleaning agent. 0 0 5 15 10 30

In preparation for the third trial, almost half of the
respondents suggested that the smell and texture of the
product should be improved. Almost half of the respondents
stated that the product is excellent in cleaning and the
respondents didn’t feel any irritation when the respondents
had a contact with the product. The researchers will add
fragrance (e.g. perfume, or zest of lemon) for the product to
have more appealing smell.
Third Trial

 In this trial, the researchers improved the smell and texture of the product which
has been revealed by the previous trial to be what is lacking on the product. The
improvement that has been done on the product’s smell is adding a fragrance of a
perfume to make it more appealing to smell. While on the product’s texture, the
researchers lessen the amount of lemon juice to make the product have a color of
white.
 The bavile paste was used by the researchers in 3 different kind of stains that can
be find on surfaces like tables, kitchen counters, etc. The following pictures are
different stains on different surfaces that were taken before, during and after
application of the product:
Permanent marker on a table

Figure 2.1 Before the Figure 2.2 During the Figure 2.3 After the
application. application. application.
 Kitchen counter

Figure 3.1 Before the Figure 3.2 During the Figure 3.3 After the
application. application. application.
 Kitchen counter

Figure 4.1. Before the application Figure 4.2 During the application Figure 4.3 After the application
 As shown in the figure 2.1, 3.1and 4.1, this shows the surfaces with
kind different stains on it. While on the figure 2.2, 3.2, and 4.2 these
figures show the surfaces with the bavile paste on it. Lastly on the
figure 2.3, 3.3, and 4.3, these figures show the result after the
application of the product on the surfaces. In general, 3 out of the 3
different kind of stains on different surfaces has been effectively
removed by the product.
 In generalization of all the trials, the bavile paste has an
appearance of yellow which has been change to white. There is an
improvement that had been done to the product’s scent. The
improvement is adding a perfume to it. The bavile paste has been
proved to be effective in cleaning different surfaces with different
stains.
4. Conclusion

 After conducting this study, the researchers had proven that the bavile paste was
effective in cleaning dirty surfaces, acquiring ingredients that are organic and
non-toxic which makes it safe to have a skin contact with and possessing a
fragrance that makes it more appealing scent. The bavile paste performed the
same just like any other cleaning product but in safer way.
 Therefore, the researchers concluded that the bavile paste was an effective
production of non-toxic cleaning agent. The researchers also verified that the
product is safe, efficient and effective cleaning agent.
5. Recommendations

 Based on the results revealed in this study, the following are hereby
recommended: 1) The student should use bavile paste in cleaning and
the fact that it have natural ingredients, it makes safer than any other
commercial cleaning product, 2) Find more stains for the product to
be tested on, 3) Try different variety of perfume that suits your likes,
4) Try different ratio of the ingredients in a single stain to find the
most effective ratio.
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