ISIS Protocol Principle and Configuration
ISIS Protocol Principle and Configuration
BY: Gebretinsae G.
P_007
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Hierarchical Division of ISIS…
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P_009
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Hierarchical Division of ISIS…
IS-IS defines three types of IS-IS routers:
• Level-1 Router – Has neighbors only on the same
area. with a topology table limited to only its local
area (called the Level-1 Database)
• Level-2 Router -- a backbone router that routes
In r a Level-2 Database.
between areas, and builds eali
t y;
• Level-1-2 Router – similar of h to evearea border router.
an
ach is / ryo
ieveareahand
Interfaces between a local er p thene backbone
a area,
so m l an ch ieve
e
and builds both a Level-1 and a oLevel-2 r a nddatabase.
sm
h e v e r fails ost
• An L2 router maintains a database y
r ta of allfethe areas
to in
rge w of h L2 or
the autonomous system and the closest t next-hop is /
L1/L2 router for each area.
P_0010
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Hierarchical Division of ISIS…
L1 Router and L2 Router
o Level1 router:
• It can only be neighbor with the routers in the area.
• It has the level1 LSDB which contains all routing information
in the area.
• It uses the nearest L1/L2 router to leave the area.
In r
• Level-1 routers form Level-1eadjacencies
alit with other Level-1
routers and Level-1-2 routers.of h y; eve
ach is / ryo
o Level2 router: ieve her ne a
s o m plan chie
• Inter-area routing and have neighbors e oinr other anareas ves
v d fa mo
• Level 2 routing is routing betweenhareas.
er t e ry f ils t st
ew o
• It has the level2 LSDB which contains aall rgerouting
t oinformation
f hi
in other areas. s/
• Level-2 routers form Level-2 adjacencies with other Level-2
routers and Level-1-2 routers. Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001 P_0011
Hierarchical Division of ISIS…
L1/L2 router:
o It can have neighbors on other areas.
o Level-1-2 routers form both Level-1, Level-2
and Level-1-2 adjacencies with other Level-1-
2 routers. In rea
o It has two LSDBs: of lity; ev
ac his e ry
• Level1 LSDB about one routing
hiev the/ hinternal
e so er pla achi
information in the area me o n and eves m
r ve
• Level2 LSDB about routing h ry f fails to ost
er t information
arg ew
among areas et of h
is /
NB:-Level-1 routers will never form adjacencies
with Level-2 routers. Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
P_0012
Network Hierarchical Structure of IS-IS
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P_0013
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Hierarchical Division of ISIS…
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P_0014
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Hierarchical Division of ISIS…
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P_0015
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Hierarchical Division of ISIS Summary
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P_0016
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Packet Types
P_0020
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Neighbor Establishment Process of ISIS…
P_0021
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Neighbor Establishment Process of the ISIS…
P_0022
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Neighbor Establishment Process of the ISIS…
The election of the Designated IS—DIS
• Reduce the neighbor information carried in the LSP sent in the
broadcast type network and simplify the network structure.
• In the broadcast type network, We should elect designated
router for L1 and L2 areas respectively.
• In r the adjacency relation.
All neighbors need to establish
• eali
DIS assigns LAN IDs of the network.ty; It is composed of the
system ID of the DIS a of his every
• Election principle chie / h e on e
ve s r pl ach
o The interface is specified withoan meL1 typea ieve and an L2
n anpriority
type priority. The range is 0–127. or v d fa s mo
her
o The larger the number is, the higher e ry ils t st
the
targ f
priority
ew is;
o
o When the priorities are the same, see the et MACofaddresses
his of
the interfaces. /
o The larger the number is, the higher the priority is;
o The DIS is not stable. Can be preempted . P_0023
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Neighbor Establishment Process of ISIS…
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P_0024
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Neighbor Establishment Process of ISIS…
A DIS is the equivalent of an OSPF DR (Designated Router).
Unlike OSPF, however, there is no Backup DIS, and thus a new election will
occur immediately if the DIS fails. Additionally, the DIS election is
preemptive.
The DIS sends out hello packets every 3.3 seconds, instead of every 10
seconds.
SNPA stands for Subnetwork Point of Attachment. It identifies a point at
which a device connects to a network.
The SNPA for a local-area network (LAN) connection is the MAC address of
the interface.
AD-ER-DATA-B#show isis adjacency
Process ID: 0
Interface System id State Lev Holds SNPA(802.2) Pri
xgei-0/1/0/1 AD-ER-DATA-A UP L2 22 0022.9354.68A0 64
P_0026
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Maintenance of the Database
LSP: link state PDU
Exchange the routes information, establish and maintain
the LSDB .
CSNP: Complete Sequence Number PDU
In the point to point and broadcast link, CSNP is used to
In r
check the consistency of theeLSDB alit
o y; e
PSNP: Partial sequenceacnumber f his PDU ver
hiev / he yone
The two main functions : e so r pla achi
me n an eves
• In the point to point link, it is used orto
v confirm
d fa themo
her e ry f ils t st
received LSP; targ ew o
• In the point to point and broadcast link, of h
et it is used
isto/
request the newest version or lost LSP.
P_0027
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Link State PDU (LSP)
Each router creates an LSP and flood it to neighbours
Two types of LSP
• LSP generated by node on P2P
• LSP of the LAN (generated by DIS)
Level 1 router generates Level 1 LSP
In r
Level 2 router generates Level eal2i LSP
t
of h y; eve
Level 1-2 router generates achLevelis 1/ LSPryand Level 2 LSP
ieve her one a
lan chievand disperses
me pgenerates
In the following conditions, each ISsorouter
o and es m
the P2P node LSP: r
her very fails t ost
New neighbor joining or leaving targ few o
et of h
New IP prefix adding or removing is /
Changing of the metric of link
Refreshing timer overflow P_0028
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Link State PDU (LSP)…
New LSPs are flooded to all neighbours It is necessary
that all routers get all LSPs Each LSP has a sequence
number
Two kinds of flooding
• Flooding on a p2p link
• Flooding on LAN
Once the adjacency is established, both IS send CSNP
Missing LSPs are sent by both ISs if not present in the received
CSNP (Complete Sequence Number Packet)
Missing LSPs may be requested through PSNP (Partial
Sequence Number Packet)
P2P link ISs resend their LSP at least every 15 Seconds
P_0029
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Flooding on a P2P Link
P_0030
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Link-State Database Synchronization—P2P
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P_0031
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Link State PDU (LSP)…
Flooding on a LAN
DIS is elected for each LAN
DIS has two tasks :
• Creating and updating LSP
• Conducting the flooding over the LAN
DIS multicasts CSNP every 10 seconds
All IS in the LAN check the CSNP against their own LSDB
(and may ask specific retransmission with PSNPs)
No Backup DIS in IS-IS
DIS generates and floods new LSPs :
• New neighbor joining or leaving
• Refreshing timer overflow
P_0032
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Flooding on a LAN
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P_0033
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Complete Sequence Number PDU(CSNP)
P_0037
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Comparison of the ISIS and the OSPF
Same Points of the ISIS and the OSPF (1)
• They are both the link state protocols and use the
SPF algorithm to calculate the routes.
• They both have the fast convergence and loop
free function. They are capable for large
networks.
• They both use the hello protocol to maintain the
neighbor relation.
• They both use the hierarchical routing concept.
They both have the backbone areas, which can
provide the agile and actual design plan for the
network planning. Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
P_0038
Comparison of the ISIS and the OSPF
Adjacency Establish the adjacency relation through the Establish the neighbor relation through the
establishment hello packet. and establish adjacency hello packet, and establish adjacency
P_0040
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Comparison of the ISIS and the OSPF
Distinctions of the ISIS and the OSPF(2)
ISIS OSPF
LSDB Use LSP. It is a packet itself. Use LSA. It is encapsulated in the IP packet.
The initial database synchronization is done The initial database synchronization is done
after the establishment of the adjacency before the establishment of the adjacency
relation. relation.
SPF algorithm Run Level 1 SPF in the area to calculate the Run SPF in the area to calculate the
routings. routings.
Run Level 2 SPF in the area to calculate the Run distance vector algorithm among areas
routings. to calculate the routings.
Applicable range It is commonly used in the large ISP. It is commonly used in the enterprise
network and large ISP.
Complexity Generate less LSP. Commonly, it uses only Generate more LSAs. Commonly it is
one area. configured with multiple areas.
Network scale It can support rather larger single area. For rather large network, it is commonly
divided to multiple areas.
P_0041
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Configuration
NET Address (Network entity title )
• The address of the ISO network. It is called as the NET
address. It is used to describe the area ID and the system
ID of the device.
• Area: the area number. The length is variable from 1 to 13
bytes. By default, one router can have three area numbers.
• ID: the system ID. It is similar to the Router ID in the
OSPF. The length is variable. Commonly, it is 6 bytes. It is
identified by using the interface MAC. It is unique in the
area.
• Sel: selection character. It is similar to the IP protocol
number. It is set to 0x00. It means a NET address.
P_0042
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Configuration…
Example of the NET Addresses
P_0043
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Configuration for zte ROS
Start the IS-IS process
ZXR10(config)# router isis
Configure the system ID number and the area number
ZXR10(config-router)# system-id xxxx. xxxx. Xxxx
ZXR10(config-router)# area xx. xxxx
P_0045
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Configuration……
Configuration Example of Single Area—Configuration
R2(config)#show isis circuits //Query the interface information and the DIS election condition
IS-IS interface database:
Interface State Lev CirId Level1-DR Level2-DR Pri(L1/L2)
fei_1/3 Up L1L2 0 No found No found 64/64
fei_1/4 Up L1L2 2 Dis is me Dis is me 64/64
P_0048
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Configuration……
Configuration Examples of Multiple Areas
area 0
area 1 area 2
P_0051
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting
Configuration Examples of Multiple Areas—Verification on R1
area 0
area 1 area 2
area 1 area 2
R2(config)# show isis circuits
IS-IS interface database:
Interface State Lev CirId Level1-DR Level2-DR Pri(L1/L2)
fei-1/3 Up L2 3 Disabled Dis is me 64/64
fei-1/1 Up L2 2 Disabled Router. 01 64/64
area 1 area 2
R3(config)# show isis adjacency
IS-IS interface database:
System Id Type Interface IP Address State Holdtime Circuit Id
00D0. D0C7. 53E0 L2 fei-1/1 192. 168. 14. 1 UP 27 Router. 01
Router L2 fei-1/3 192. 168. 13. 2 UP 7 Router. 01
area 1 area 2
P_0055
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Failure Processing Flow of ISIS
1. Check whether the two ports can be pinged through;
2. Use the show running-config isis command to check whether to start the
IS-IS protocol;
3. Check whether system-id is unique. The same system-ids cannot be used
to establish the neighbor;
4. Check whether the configuration of the area is correct. When is-type is
level-1, the areas of the interconnected devices in the two ports are the
same, otherwise, level-1 neighbor cannot be established;
5. Check whether is-type is correct. is-type needs to mix with the circuit-
type, otherwise, the neighbor cannot be established;
6. Check whether IP router isis is started in the directly connected interface;
7. Check whether the circuit-type configuration in the interface is correctly
configured;
8. Check whether the authentication information and methods of the two
ends in the interface are consistent;
9. Check whether the metric-type configuration in the routing modes of the
two ends is consistent;
10. Check whether the authentication settings in the routing mode are
consistent. P_0056
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ET Backbone Topology (BR,CR & IGW)
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P_0057
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Plane A&B Topology for BR,CR & ER
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P_0058
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ET IGP and EGP Routing Deployment
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P_0059
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ET IGP Deployment Range
Backbone network IGP applies IS-IS protocol,
overall network is deployed in IS-IS level-2 region,
the detailed planning is as follows:
P_0061
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ET IS-IS Enabled Interfaces
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P_0062
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Data Design In ET
P_0063
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Metric Planning in ET…
P_0064
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Metric Deployed
Link Type Metric
router isis 0
interface xgei-0/2/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 13000
authentication encrypted GMqrkGO1h7LU3W9FKIaCGQ==
authentication-type md5
P_0066
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Metric Links between BR-CR Planes
BL-BR-A#show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.19
IPv4 Routing Table:
Headers: Dest: Destination, Gw: Gateway, Pri: Priority;
Codes : BROADC: Broadcast, USER-I: User-ipaddr, USER-S: User-special,
MULTIC: Multicast, USER-N: User-network, DHCP-D: DHCP-DFT,
ASBR-V: ASBR-VPN, STAT-V: Static-VRF, DHCP-S: DHCP-static,
GW-FWD: PS-BUSI, NAT64: Stateless-NAT64, LDP-A: LDP-area,
GW-UE: PS-USER, P-VRF: Per-VRF-label, TE: RSVP-TE;
Status codes: *valid, >best;
Dest Gw Interface Owner Pri Metric
*> 10.0.2.19/32 10.1.0.10 xgei-0/2/0/3 ISIS-L2 115 2000
router isis 0
interface xgei-0/2/0/3
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 2000
authentication encrypted GMqrkGO1h7LU3W9FKIaCGQ==
authentication-type md5
P_0067
$ Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Metric Links between CR Planes
AD-CR-A#show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.24
IPv4 Routing Table:
status codes: *valid, >best
Dest Gw Interface Owner Pri Metric
*> 10.0.2.24/32 10.1.2.2 xgei-0/0/0/2 isis_l2 115 11000
! <ISIS>
router isis
interface xgei-0/0/0/2
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 11000
authentication-type md5
authentication level-2
! </ISIS>
P_0068
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Metric Links between CR-ER Planes
AD-CR-A# show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.67
IPv4 Routing Table:
status codes: *valid, >best
Dest Gw Interface Owner Pri Metric
*> 10.0.2.67/32 10.1.2.10 xgei-0/1/0/1 isis_l2 115 500
! <ISIS>
router isis
interface xgei-0/1/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 500
authentication-type md5
authentication level-2
! </ISIS>
P_0069
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
IS-IS Metric Links between ER Planes
LGH-ER-DATA-A# show ip forwarding route 10.0.2.64
IPv4 Routing Table:
Headers: Dest: Destination, Gw: Gateway, Pri: Priority;
Codes : BROADC: Broadcast, USER-I: User-ipaddr, USER-S: User-special,
MULTIC: Multicast, USER-N: User-network, DHCP-D: DHCP-DFT,
ASBR-V: ASBR-VPN, STAT-V: Static-VRF, DHCP-S: DHCP-static,
GW-FWD: PS-BUSI, NAT64: Stateless-NAT64, LDP-A: LDP-area,
GW-UE: PS-USER, P-VRF: Per-VRF-label, TE: RSVP-TE;
Status codes: *valid, >best;
Dest Gw Interface Owner Pri Metric
*> 10.0.2.64/32 10.1.3.2 xgei-0/1/0/1 ISIS-L2 115 11510
router isis 0
interface xgei-0/1/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 11500
authentication encrypted GMqrkGO1h7LU3W9FKIaCGQ==
authentication-type md5
P_0070
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Configuration of ISIS on X-BR-A
router isis
area 88.0251
system-id 0100.0000.2009
is-type level-2-only
metric-style wide
set-overload-bit on-start-up auto 300
fast-reroute enable
authentication-type md5 level-2
authentication level-2
redistribute static
redistribute connected
!
interface loopback1
ip router isis
P_0071
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Configuration of ISIS on X-BR-A….
interface xgei-0/2/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 2000
authentication-type md5
authentication level-2
interface xgei-0/2/0/2
.
.
.
P_0072
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Configuration of ISIS on X-CR-A
router isis
area 88.0251
system-id 0100.0000.2019
is-type level-2-only
metric-style wide
set-overload-bit on-start-up 400
fast-reroute enable
authentication-type md5 level-2
authentication level-2
redistribute connected
redistribute static
!
interface loopback1
ip router isis P_0073
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Configuration of ISIS on X-CR-A….
interface xgei-0/0/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 2000
authentication-type md5
authentication level-2
!
interface xgei-0/1/0/1
.
.
.
P_0074
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Configuration of ISIS on X-ER-A
router isis
area 88.0251
system-id 0100.0000.2051
is-type level-2-only
metric-style wide
set-overload-bit on-start-up wait-for-bgp
authentication-type md5 level-2
authentication level-2
redistribute connected
redistribute static
redistribute ospf 2
!
interface loopback1
ip router isis
P_0075
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
Configuration of ISIS on X-ER-A….
interface xgei-0/0/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 500
authentication-type md5
authentication level-2
!
interface xgei-0/1/0/1
ip router isis
circuit-type level-2-only
metric 1000
authentication-type md5
authentication level-2
P_0076
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
X-BRAS ( Only Two BRAS Routers have this configuration Bole and Legahar)
interface smartgroup1.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip address 10.1.3.250 255.255.255.252
description to-X-ER-DATA-A-smartgroup1.20
ip router isis
isis circuit-type level-2-only
isis metric 11000
isis authentication-type MD5
isis authentication level-2
mpls ip
!
interface smartgroup2.20
encapsulation dot1Q 20
ip address 10.1.3.254 255.255.255.252
description to-X-ER-DATA-B-smartgroup1.20
ip router isis
isis circuit-type level-2-only
isis metric 11000
isis authentication-type MD5
isis authentication level-2
mpls ip
P_0077
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands
P_0078
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands
P_0079
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands….
P_0080
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands….
X-BR-A# show isis adjacency level-2
Process ID: 0
Interface System id State Lev Holds SNPA(802.2) Pri
xgei-0/2/0/1 BL-BR-B UP L2 7 001E.739A.BC60 64
xgei-0/2/0/2 BL-BR-B UP L2 7 001E.739A.BC60 64
xgei-0/2/0/3 BL-CR-A UP L2 9 0022.9354.8140 64
xgei-0/2/0/4 AD-CR-A UP L2 8 0022.9354.8200 64
pos192-0/5/0/1 DM-CR-A UP L2 28 PPP 0
pos192-0/5/0/2 JM-CR-A UP L2 21 PPP 0
pos192-0/5/0/4 NZ-CR-A UP L2 25 PPP 0
pos192-0/4/0/2 BD-BR-A UP L2 21 PPP 0
pos192-0/4/0/4 SMN-BR-A UP L2 23 PPP 0
xgei-0/3/0/1 MW-CR-A UP L2 7 0022.9354.8480 64
P_0081
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands….
P_0082
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands….
X-BR-A# show isis database level-2
Process ID:0
IS-IS Level-2 Link State Database:
LSPID LSP Seq Num LSP Checksum LSP Holdtime
BL-BR-A.00-00* 0x1cd60 0x4ba2 979 0/0/0
BL-BR-A.00-01* 0x1795b 0xb475 979 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.00-00 0x204f9 0x61ae 1091 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.00-01 0x1741d 0x4f98 1195 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.03-00 0x3ab 0x4ae2 850 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.04-00 0x12e18 0x22c1 337 0/0/0
BL-BR-B.05-00 0x12e1b 0xd569 341 0/0/0
MK-BR-A.00-00 0x3d59a 0x5055 960 0/0/0
MK-BR-A.02-00 0x12fff 0x28fc 605 0/0/0
MK-BR-A.03-00 0x13006 0x2529 631 0/0/0
MK-BR-B.00-00 0x5bacc 0x20e6 618 0/0/0
BD-BR-A.00-00 0x48cac 0xf6b2 418 0/0/0
BD-BR-A.00-01 0x38b0b 0xfbf1 418 0/0/0
BD-BR-B.00-00 0x248b7 0x33d2 712 0/0/0
P_0083
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands….
X-BR-A# show isis topology level-2
Process ID: 0
IS-IS paths to Level-2 routers
System id Metric Next-Hop Interface SNPA
BL-BR-A --
BL-BR-B 2000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
2000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
MK-BR-A 13500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
13500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
MK-BR-B 26500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
26500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
BD-BR-A 2000 BD-BR-A pos192-0/4/0/2 PPP
BD-BR-B 10000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
10000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
DD-BR-A 5500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
5500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
DD-BR-B 3500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
3500 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
SMN-BR-A 1500 SMN-BR-A pos192-0/4/0/4 PPP
SMN-BR-B 4000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/1 001E.739A.BC60
4000 BL-BR-B xgei-0/2/0/2 001E.739A.BC60
P_0084
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
ISIS Troubleshooting commands….
P_0085
Network Div | 02 April 2012 | P001
THANK YOU!