Measures For The Development of Agriculture

Measures for the Development of Agriculture
 Measures are taken to increase agricultural production

(1) substantially to meet the growing needs of the population
Technologica and also to provide a base for industrial development
including steps to increase both extensive cultivation and
l Measures: intensive cultivation.
 Land reform measures are taken to abolish
(2) Land intermediatory interests in land (viz. Zamindars,
reforms: Jagirdars etc.) and transfer of land to actual tiller of the

soil were expected to be taken up on a priority basis.
 (i) Abolition of intermediaries,
 (ii) tenancy reform to (a) regulate rents paid by tenants to
landlord, (b) provide security of tenure to tenants, (c)
Measures confer ownership rights on tenants and
taken under  (iii) Imposition of ceiling on holdings in a bid to procure
this head are land for distribution among landless labourers and
Land reforms : marginal farmers. These land reform measures are taken
to irradiate the parasitic class of Zamindars.
 To prevent fragmentation of holdings, Indian agricultural
(3) Cooperation policy introduced the programmes of cooperation and
and consolidation of holdings.
consolidation of  Latter programmes aimed at consolidating plots owned

holdings: by a particular farmer in different places of village by
sanctioning land at one place of equal area or value to his
plot of land.
 This avoids wastage of time and energy employed in
cultivation and he can practise scientific technique of
(3) Cooperation production.
and  Cooperation aims at uniting small and marginal farmers
consolidation of together to reap the harvest of large scale farming.
holdings:  Under cooperative farming small and middle class
farmers use their land and resources and practise joint
cultivation.
 No planning is possible without the cooperation of the
masses.
 Nothing is possible unless the masses are encouraged to
(4) Institution join hands with the planning authorities for the
involving peoples’s betterment of the plans and programmes.
participation in  The programme of community development that was
planning: initiated in 1952 was aimed to be a project of the people,
by the people and for the people.
 The role of the government and administrative authority
was defined as ‘to help the people’ to help themselves.
 The experience of the community development
(4) Institution programme reads a sad story.
involving peoples’s  The programme of democratic decentralization,
participation in commonly known as Panchayat Raj, proved to be worse.
planning: The local ‘dadas’ and political elements exploited the
masses to their advantage.
 Another important measure was expansion of
(5) institutional credits to farmers through cooperative and

commercial banks.
Institutional  After nationalisation of banks in 1969, nationalised banks
credit: have paid increasing attention to the needs of agriculture.
Regional Rural Banks were also set up to deal specially,
with the needs of agricultural credit.
 A National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(5) (NABARD) was also set up.
Institutional  As a result, credit facilities were available to the farmers,
credit: the importance of money lenders has declined and
exploitation of farmers at the hands of moneylenders is
reduced.
 Announcement of procurement of support prices to
ensure fair returns to the farmers so that even in years of
surplus the prices do not tumble down and farmers do not
(6) Procurement suffer loss.
and support  In fact the policy of the commission for agricultural cost
prices: and price in recent years has been to announce fairly high
prices in a bid to provide incentive to farmers to expand
production.
 The government has provided massive subsidies to
farmers on agricultural inputs like irrigation, fertilizers
and power.
(7) Input  The objectives of input sub-sidisation are to increase
subsidies to agricultural! production and productivity by encouraging
agriculture: the use of modern inputs in agriculture.
 Under this policy various inputs are given to the farmers

at a sub-sidised rate.
 To provide food grains and other essential good to
consumers at cheap and sub-sidised rate, the Government
(8) Food of India has built up an elaborate food security system in
security the form of Public Distribution System during the

planning period.
system:  It operates as a ‘safety net’ by maintaining the stock of
food grain in order to fight the shortage of food.
 To provide purchasing power to the poor, rural
employment the programmes are needed.
 Government introduced poverty alleviation programmes
from the Fourth Plan onwards like Small Farmers
(9) Rural Development Agency (SFDA), Marginal Farmers and
Employment Agricultural Labour Development Agency (MFAL),
Programmes: National Rural Employment Programme (NREP), Rural

Landless: Employment Guarantee Programme (RLECP)
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (jRY), Jawahar Crami Samriddhi
Yojana for 5 years (JCSY), Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar
Yojana (SCRY) etc.

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Measures for the Development of Agriculture

 Measures are taken to increase agricultural production

reforms: Jagirdars etc.) and transfer of land to actual tiller of the

consolidation of  Latter programmes aimed at consolidating plots owned

(5) institutional credits to farmers through cooperative and

 Under this policy various inputs are given to the farmers

security the form of Public Distribution System during the

Programmes: National Rural Employment Programme (NREP), Rural

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