Ipv4 Ipv6: Types of Logical Addresses

Types of Logical Addresses
1
• IPv4
2
• IPv6
1
IPv4 ADDRESSES
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a
device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet.
2
The address space of IPv4 is
32
2 or 4,294,967,296.
3
Dotted-decimal notation and binary notation for an IPv4 address
4
Example
Change the following IPv4 addresses from binary notation to dotted-decimal notation.
Solution
We replace each group of 8 bits with its equivalent decimal number (see Appendix B) and add dots
for separation.
5
Example
Change the following IPv4 addresses from dotted-decimal notation to binary notation.
Solution
We replace each decimal number with its binary equivalent (see Appendix B).
6
Find the error, if any, in the following IPv4 addresses.
Solution
a. There must be no leading zero (045).
b. There can be no more than four numbers.
c. Each number needs to be less than or equal to 255.
d. A mixture of binary notation and dotted-decimal
notation is not allowed.

7
Types of IPv4 Address
1
• Classful Address
2
• Classless Address
8
Classful Addressing
In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes:
A, B, C, D, and E.
9
Finding the classes in binary and dotted-decimal notation
10
Example
Find the class of each address.
a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111
Solution
a. The first bit is 0. This is a class A address.
b. The first 2 bits are 1; the third bit is 0. This is a class C
address.
c. The first byte is 14; the class is A.
d. The first byte is 252; the class is E.

11
In classful addressing, a large part of the available addresses were
wasted.
12
Classful addressing, which is almost obsolete, is replaced with
classless addressing.
13
Working with IPv4
14
Host & Network Part of an IP Address
 For Class A: (N H H H)
 First 8 bits are considered as Networks Part
 Remaining 24 bits are considered as Hosts Part
 For Class B: (N N H H)
 For Class C: (N N N H)
15
Host & Network Part of an IP Address
Examples:
 Class A: 10.0.1.2
N.H.H.H
 Class B: 172.10.1.2
N.N.H.H
 Class C: 192.168.3.4
N.N.N.H
16
Network Credentials
 Network Address
 Broadcast Address
 Host Address (First Host & Last Host)
 Subnet Mask Address
17
Network Address
A network address is an identifier for a node or
host on a network
Finding Out a Network Address:
 Network part as it is
 Host part All ‘0’ (zero)
What is the network address of 10.0.1.2?

Ans: 10.00000000. 00000000.00000000
10.0.0.0
18
Network Address Exercise
What is the Network of 11.30.2.2?
Ans: 11.0.0.0

Ans: 170.2.0.0

Ans: 192.20.3.0
19
Broadcast Address
A broadcast address is a network address at which
all devices connected to a multiple-access
communications network are enabled to receive
packets.
Finding Out a Broadcast Address:
 Network part as it is
 Host part All ‘1’ (One)
What is the broadcast address of 10.0.1.2?

Ans: 10.11111111.11111111.11111111
10.255.255.255
20
Broadcast Address Exercise
 What is the Broadcast address of 11.30.2.2?
Ans: 11.255.255.255

Ans: 170.2.255.255

Ans: 192.20.3.255
21
Host Address (First Host & Last Host)
A host address is the IP address of a machine in
a particular network.
Finding Out Host Address:
 First Host (FH) = Network Address (NA) + 1
 Last Host (LH) = Broadcast Address (BA) – 1
What is the FH & LH of a network 10.0.0.0?

NA = 10.0.0.0 BA= 10.255.255.255
FH = 10.0.0.0 LH = 10.255.255.255
+1 -1
10.0.0.1 10.255.255.254
22
Host Address Exercise
 Find out the First & Last host of 11.30.2.2?
Ans: FH = 11.0.0.1
LH = 11.255.255.254
Ans: FH = 170.2.0.1
LH = 170.2.255.254
Ans: FH = 192.20.3.1
LH = 192.20.3.254
23
Subnet Mask Address
Subnet mask is used to determine what subnet an
IP address belongs to.
Finding Out a Subnet Mask Address:
 Network part All ‘1’ (one)
 Host part All ‘0’ (zero)
What is the subnet mask of 10.0.1.2?

Ans: 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000
255 . 0 . 0 . 0
24
Subnet Mask Address Exercise
What is the Subnet Mask of 11.30.2.2?
Ans: 255.0.0.0

Ans: 255.255.0.0

Ans: 255.255.255.0
25
Default Subnet masks for classful
addressing
*CIDR = Classless Inter-Domain Routing
26
IPv6 ADDRESSES
Despite all short-term solutions, address depletion is still a long-term problem for the Internet.
This and other problems in the IP protocol itself have been the motivation for IPv6.
27
IPv6: motivation
32-bit address space soon to be completely allocated.
32
An IPv6 address is 128 bits long.
29
IPv6 address in binary and hexadecimal colon notation
30
Abbreviated IPv6 addresses
31
Example
Expand the address 0:15::1:12:1213 to its original.
Solution
We first need to align the left side of the double colon to the left of the original pattern and the right
side of the double colon to the right of the original pattern to find how many 0s we need to replace
the double colon.
This means that the original address is.
32
Thank You
33

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Types of Logical Addresses

device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet.

a. There must be no leading zero (045).

b. There can be no more than four numbers.

c. Each number needs to be less than or equal to 255.

d. A mixture of binary notation and dotted-decimal

notation is not allowed.

In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes:

Find the class of each address.

a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111

b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111

a. The first bit is 0. This is a class A address.

b. The first 2 bits are 1; the third bit is 0. This is a class C

c. The first byte is 14; the class is A.

d. The first byte is 252; the class is E.

 Remaining 24 bits are considered as Hosts Part

 Remaining 16 bits are considered as Hosts Part

 Remaining 8 bits are considered as Hosts Part

 Host part All ‘0’ (zero)

What is the network address of 10.0.1.2?

What is the Network of 170.2.3.1?

What is the Network of 192.20.3.1?

 Host part All ‘1’ (One)

What is the broadcast address of 10.0.1.2?

 What is the Broadcast address of 170.2.3.1?

 What is the Broadcast address of 192.20.3.1?

 Last Host (LH) = Broadcast Address (BA) – 1

What is the FH & LH of a network 10.0.0.0?

 Host part All ‘0’ (zero)

What is the subnet mask of 10.0.1.2?

What is the Subnet Mask of 170.2.3.1?

What is the Subnet Mask of 192.20.3.1?

*CIDR = Classless Inter-Domain Routing

32-bit address space soon to be completely allocated.

Expand the address 0:15::1:12:1213 to its original.

the double colon.

This means that the original address is.

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