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    Control Drug Delivery System

    Uploaded by

    Venkatesh Venki
    This document discusses different types of drug delivery systems that can provide controlled release of a drug over an extended period of time. It describes sustained release systems, which prolong drug release to maintain plasma drug levels for longer, and controlled release systems, which deliver the drug at a predetermined rate locally or systemically for a specified time period. The document outlines various approaches for controlled release like matrix systems, reservoir devices, ion exchange resins, and osmotic pressure controlled systems. It provides examples of dosage forms for different administration routes including transdermal, ocular, intravaginal, implantable, and parenteral systems.

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    Control Drug Delivery System

    Uploaded by

    Venkatesh Venki
    205 views24 pages
    This document discusses different types of drug delivery systems that can provide controlled release of a drug over an extended period of time. It describes sustained release systems, which prolong drug release to maintain plasma drug levels for longer, and controlled release systems, which deliver the drug at a predetermined rate locally or systemically for a specified time period. The document outlines various approaches for controlled release like matrix systems, reservoir devices, ion exchange resins, and osmotic pressure controlled systems. It provides examples of dosage forms for different administration routes including transdermal, ocular, intravaginal, implantable, and parenteral systems.

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    This document discusses different types of drug delivery systems that can provide controlled release of a drug over an extended period of time. It describes sustained release systems, which prolong drug release to maintain plasma drug levels for longer, and controlled release systems, which deliver the drug at a predetermined rate locally or systemically for a specified time period. The document outlines various approaches for controlled release like matrix systems, reservoir devices, ion exchange resins, and osmotic pressure controlled systems. It provides examples of dosage forms for different administration routes including transdermal, ocular, intravaginal, implantable, and parenteral systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    205 views24 pages

    Control Drug Delivery System

    Uploaded by

    Venkatesh Venki
    This document discusses different types of drug delivery systems that can provide controlled release of a drug over an extended period of time. It describes sustained release systems, which prolong drug release to maintain plasma drug levels for longer, and controlled release systems, which deliver the drug at a predetermined rate locally or systemically for a specified time period. The document outlines various approaches for controlled release like matrix systems, reservoir devices, ion exchange resins, and osmotic pressure controlled systems. It provides examples of dosage forms for different administration routes including transdermal, ocular, intravaginal, implantable, and parenteral systems.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Drug delivery system

    Controlled release system

    R. Venkatesh M pharm(Pceutics), TKR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, MEERPET, HYD

    Sustained drug delivery system


    Simply prolong the drug release Plasma drug level for extended period of time Not necessarily at predetermined time rate Reduce dosing frequency Uniform plasma concentration at steady state.

    Controlled drug delivery system


    Prolonged release, Delivers the drug at predetermined rate, locally or systemically for specified period of time.

    Pharmaceutical dosage forms for systemic administration


    Generations of dosage forms 1st gen. conventional (unmodified) release of API 2nd gen. controlled release of API (CR) 3rd gen. targeted distribution drug delivery systems

    Conventional vs. Controlled release dosage forms


    I. Gen. disintegration (p desegregation) of the dosage form and dissolution of is spontaneous process;
    drug absorption and distribution is based only on physico-chemical properties.

    II. Gen. The release is under control of the drug delivery system Advantages:
    Avoids fluctuations of plasma drug concentration p better safety and efficacy Decreased frequency of drug administration (often once daily admin) p better compliance May overcome some problems with BAV Can be much more economical (better cost-effectiveness)

    Sustained release (SR) release of the initial API dose & further prolonged release

    Controlled release (CR) properly controlled (0. order) release

    Biopharmaceutical consideration
    1. Release from formulation 2. Movement within body during its passage to site of action
    Drug in dosage form
    Release

    Drug at the absorption site

    Rate limiting step of controlled release

    Absorption
    Drug in body

    Rate limiting step of conventional release

    Biopharmaceutical properties
    Molecular weight of drug Aqueous solubility of the drug Apparent partition coefficient of drug Drug pKa and pH Drug stability in G.I.T. Mechanism of absorption Route of administration

    Pharmacokinetic characteristics of drug


    Absorption rate Elimination half-life Rate of metabolism Dosage form index (DI), (plasma peak-valley ratio i.e. Css.max to Css.min.)

    Pharmacodynamic characteristics of drug


    Therapeutic range Therapeutic index Plasma concentration- Response relationship

    Drug release patterns


    Drug disposition fallows first order kinetics Rate limiting step is in the absorptions rate of drug release Drug release rapidly and completely absorbed

    Approaches
    A. Continuous release system
    1. Dissolution Controlled drug release system a. Matrix Dissolution Controlled system b. Encapsulation/coating Dissolution Controlled drug release system 2. Diffusion Controlled drug release system a. Matrix Diffusion system b. Reservoir devices 3. Dissolution and diffusion Controlled drug release system 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Ion exchange resin drug complexes Slow dissolving salts and complexes pH depending formulation Osmotic pressure Controlled system Hydrodynamic pressure Controlled system

    Dosage forms for systemic administration Parenteral route dosage forms Implants
    Controlled drug delivery for over a long time (months/years) Principle Reservoir (Osmotic/diffusion) systems Matrix systems
    Non-biodegradable Biodegrable polymeric materials with dispersed drug

    Advantages largely overcomes problems with individual compliance Disadvantages mini-surgery is needed, uneasy to simply discontinue the therapy, local reactions

    Examples: hormones/contraception

    Dosage forms for systemic administration


    Transdermal drug delivery sytems (TDDS)
    Advantages
    Elegant alternative to injectables Pain and stress-free No need for trained specialist Long-term drug delivery with minimal fluctuations of drug concentrations Good compliance Unlike other controlled drug delivery systems, the delivery of the API can be immediately discontinued (e.g., upon occurrence of adverse reactions)

    Disadvantages
    Not feasible for all API ! Mr < 500 Well balanced lipohilicity High potency (high doses can not be accommodated and delivered) p Penetration enhancers can help! Local relations (irritation, disruption of barrier skin function) Need not be practical/comfortable Need not be cost-effective

    Examples of clinical use: hormones (HRT, contraceptives), opioid analgesics (e.g., fentanyl), nitroglycerine, nicotine (RT), clonidine or scopolamine

    Delayed transit and continuous release system


    1. Altered density system a. high density pellets b. low density pellets 2. Mucoadhesive system 3. Size based system

    Delayed release system


    1. Intestinal release system 2. Colonic release system

    Parenteral Controlled release system


    A.Injectabales 1. Solutions 2. Dispersions 3. Microsphers and microcapsules 4. Nanoparticals and niosomes 5. Liposomes 6. Resealed erythrocytes B. Implants devices 1. Osmotic pumps 2. Vapor pressure powered pumps 3. Battery power pumps

    Transdermal drug delivery system


    1. Matrix 2. Reservoir 3. Mixed Reservoir

    Ophthalmic drug delivery system


    Inserts or ocuserts

    Intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery system

    Liposome's

    Niosomes

    Evaluation testing

    In vitro measurements of drug availability In vivo measurements of drug availability

    Thank you for your attention

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