CHAPTER 2

(CONTINUATION)
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Diagnostic
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-gram record, writing electr/o/cardi/o/gram

( e-le˘k-tro-KA˘ R-de-o-gra˘m):
graphic recording of the electrical activity
of the heart
-graph instrument for recording cardi/o/graph
(KA˘ R-de-o˘ -gra˘f): instrument used to
record electrical activity of the heart

-graphy process of recording angi/o/graphy

(a˘n-je-O˘ G-ra˘ -fe):
radiographic image of blood vessels after
injection of a contrast medium
SAMPLE PICTURES

process of recording
 SAMPLE PICTURES

angiography

cardiograph
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Diagnostic
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-meter instrument for measuring pelv/i/meter* (pe˘l-VI˘M-e˘ -te˘r):

instrument for measuring the
pelvis
-metry act of measuring pelv/i/metry
(pe˘l-VI˘M-e˘ -tre):
act or process of determining the
dimension of the pelvis
-scope instrument for examining endo/scope (E˘N-do-skop):
flexible or rigid instrument consisting of
a tube and optical system for observing
the inside of a hollow
organ or cavity
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Diagnostic
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-scopy visual examination endo/scopy (e˘n-DO˘ S-ko-pe):

visual examination of a cavity
or canal using a specialized lighted
instrument called an endoscope
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-algia neur/algia (nu-RA˘ L-je-a˘):

pain occurring along the path of a nerve
neur: nerve
-dynia pain ot/o/dynia (o-to-DI˘N-e-a˘):

pain in the ear; earache

ot/o: ear
-cele hernia, swelling hepat/o/cele (he˘-PA˘ T-o-sel):

hernia of the liver

hepat/o: liver
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-ectasis dilation, expansion bronchi/ectasis (bro˘ng-ke-E˘K-ta˘-si˘s):

abnormal dilation of one or
more bronchi
-edema swelling lymph/edema (li˘mf-e˘ -DE-ma˘ ):
swelling and accumulation of tissue
fluid

-emesis vomiting hyper/emesis (hi-pe˘r-E˘ M-e˘ -si˘s):

excessive vomiting
hyper-: excessive, above normal
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-gen carcin/o/gen (ka˘r-SI˘N-o-je˘n):

substance or agent that causes the
development or increases the incidence
of cancer
forming, producing, origin carcin/o: cancer
-genesis carcin/o/genesis (ka˘r-si˘-no-JE˘N-e˘-
si˘s): the process of initiating and
promoting cancer
carcin/o: cancer
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-iasis abnormal condition chol/e/lith/iasis* (ko-le-li˘-THI-a˘ -si˘s):

(produced by something presence or formation of gallstones
specific in the gallbladder or common bile duct
chol/e: bile, gall
lith: stone, calculus
-itis inflammation gastr/itis (ga˘ s-TRI-ti˘s):
inflammation of the stomach
gastr: stomach
-lith stone, calculus chol/e/lith* (KO-le-li˘th): gallstone
chlo/e: bile, gall
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-malacia softening chondr/o/malacia (ko˘n-dro-ma˘l-A-she-a˘ ):

softening of the articular cartilage, usually
involving the patella
chondr/o: cartilage

-megaly enlargement cardi/o/megaly (ka˘r-de-o-ME˘ G-a˘ -le):

enlargement of the heart
cardi/o: heart

-oma tumor neur/oma (nu-RO-ma˘ ): tumor composed of nerve

cells or swelling
of a nerve that usually results from compression
neur: nerve
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-osis abnormal condition; cyan/osis (si-a˘ -NO-si˘s): dark blue or purple

increase (used primarily discoloration of the
with blood cells) skin and mucous membrane
cyan: blue

-pathy disease my/o/pathy (mi-O˘ P-a˘ -the):

any disease of muscle
my/o: muscle

-penia decrease, deficiency erythr/o/penia (e˘ -ri˘th-ro-PE-ne -a˘ ):

abnormal decrease in red blood
cells
erythr/o: red
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-phagia eating, swallowing dys/phagia (di˘s-FA-je -a˘ ): inability or difficulty in

swallowing

dys-: bad; painful; difficult

-phasia speech a/phasia (a˘ -FA-z e-a˘ ): absence or impairment of

speech
a-: without, not

-phobia fear hem/o/phobia (he-mo-FO-be -a˘ ): fear of blood

hem/o: blood
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-plasia dys/plasia (di˘s-PLA-ze -a˘ ): abnormal

development of cells, tissues,
or organs
dys-: bad; painful; difficult

formation, growth
-plasm neo/plasm (NE-o-pla˘zm): a new and abnormal
formation of tissue,
such as a tumor or growth
neo-: new
-plegia paralysis hemi/plegia (he˘m-e-PLE-je-a˘): paralysis of one
side of the body
hemi-: one half
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-rrhage hem/o/rrhage (HE˘ M-e˘-ri˘j): loss of a large

amount of blood within a
short period, either externally or internally
hem/o: blood

bursting (of)
-rrhagia men/o/rrhagia (me˘n-o-RA-je -a˘): profuse
discharge of blood during menstruation
men/o: menses, menstruation

-rrhea discharge, flow dia/rrhea (di-a˘ -RE-a˘): abnormally frequent

discharge or flow of
fluid fecal matter from the bowel
dia-: through, across
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-rrhexis rupture arteri/o/rrhexis (a˘r-te-re-o-RE˘K-si˘s): rupture of

an artery
arteri/o: artery

-spasm involuntary contraction, blephar/o/spasm (BLE˘F-a˘ -ro-spa˘sm): twitching

twitching of the eyelid
blephar/o: eyelid

-stenosis narrowing, stricture arteri/o/stenosis (a˘r-te-re-o-ste˘ -NO-si˘s):

abnormal narrowing of an artery
arteri/o: artery
 COMMON DIAGNOSTIC, PATHOLOGICAL,
AND RELATED SUFFIXES
Pathological and Related
Suffix Meaning Word Analysis

-toxic poison hepat/o/toxic (HE˘ P-a˘ -to-to˘k-si˘k): toxic to the

liver

hepat/o: liver

-trophy nourishment, dys/trophy (DI˘S-tro-fe): abnormal condition

development caused by defective
nutrition or metabolism
dys-: bad; painful; difficult
 LearningActivity2–4

Selecting diagnostic, pathological, and related suffixes

Use the suffixes in this list to build diagnostic, pathological, and related words in the right column
that reflect the meanings in the left column.

-algia -malacia -phagia

-cele -megaly -phasia
-ectasis -metry -plegia
-emia -oma -rrhage
-genesis -osis -rrhea
-graph -pathy -rrhexis
-iasis -penia -spasm

1. tumor of the liver: hepat/_______________________

2. pain (along the course) of a nerve: neur/ ________________________
3. dilation of a bronchus: bronchi/ _____________________
4. producing or forming cancer: carcin/o/ ____________________
5. abnormal condition of the skin: dermat/ _____________________
 LearningActivity2–4

Selecting diagnostic, pathological, and related suffixes

6. enlarged kidney: nephr/o/____________________________

7. discharge or flow from the ear: ot/__________ /______________________
8. rupture of the uterus: hyster/___________ /__________________
9. spasm or twitching of the eyelid: blephar/____________ /________________
10. herniation of the bladder: cyst/________________ /_______________
11. bursting forth (of) blood: hem/o/______________________________
12. abnormal condition of a stone or calculus: lith/________________________________
13. paralysis affecting one side (of the body): hemi/______________________________
14. diseases of muscle (tissue): my/_____ /_________________________
15. difficult or painful eating: dys/_______________________________
 LearningActivity2–4

Selecting diagnostic, pathological, and related suffixes

16. softening of the bones: oste/_____ /___________________

17. without, or absence of, speech: a/___________________________
18. white blood condition: leuk/________________________
19. deficiency in red (blood) cells: erythr/__ /___________________
20. measuring the pelvis: pelv/i/_______________________
Thank
You!!