Hum 1 Lesson 4

HUM 1 LESSON 4
THE VISUAL ART

ELEMENTS AND
ORGANIZATIONS
Mary Grace T. Carpio
Elements of
Visual art
Line is an important element at the disposal of every
artist. Through the lines of a painting or sculpture,
the artist can make us know what the work is about.
HORIZONTAL
LINES
are lines of repose
and serenity. They
express ideas of
calmness and
quiescence.
VERTICAL
LINES
are lines poised for action.
They are poised, balanced,
forceful and dynamic.
Examples
are person standing, a tall
tree, statues of Saints and
heroes.
DIAGONAL
LINES
Suggest action and movement.
They give animation to any
composition in which they
appear. The degree of action is
shown by the angle of the
diagonal.
Curved
lines
suggest grace, movement,
flexibility, joyousness,
and grace.
True
COLORS
BLUE
RED
GREEN
COLOR
Colors
Colors are a property of light. When light goes out,
color goes out with it. Take for instance a prism being
put under the light.
Color has
three dimensions
or attributes
Hue is the dimension of
color that gives color its
name. When we are saying
the flower is yellow, we
are naming its hue. Color
names such as red, green,
violet, and yellow indicate
the color characteristics
called hue.
VALUE
refers to the lightness or
darkness of a color. It is a
quality which depends on
the amount of light and
dark in color. It is also
known as
“chiaroscuro”.
Psychology of
Colors
BLACK
despair, gloom, death,
and mourning. The
darkest and dullest of
the colors. It is only
considered a color
when mixed with other
colors.
Blue
tranquility, calmness,
and peace. It is the
color of the sky and
gives the impression of
vastness and infinity.
RED
fire, blood, danger,
festivity, bravery. War.
Passion, energy, and
warmth. It is a
basic color.
GRAY
Weight, solidity, and neutrality. The

combination of black and white or the three
primary colors.
VIOLET
Shadows,
mourning,
penance, royalty,
and power. A
mixture of red and
blue.
GREEN
growth, freshness,
and hope. The color
of the still water
and vegetation.
WHITE
simplicity, clarity, purity,
and innocence.
ORANGE
Deliciousness and
sweetness and being
assertive. A
combination of red
and yellow.
YELLOW
life, joy, sunshine,
cheerfulness, warmth,
splendor, freedom and
hospitality. It is the
color of light.
PINK
sympathy and
gratitude The
combination of red
and white.
BROWN
Wholesomeness,
stability, reliability,
approachability,
connection with the
earth
TEXTURE
Texture is the element that deals
more directly with the sense of
touch. It has to do with the
characteristic of surfaces which
can be rough or smooth, fine or
coarse, shiny or dull, plain or
irregular. Texture is best
appreciated when an object is felt
with the hands. Texture is found
in all visual arts.
PERSPECTIVE
Perspective deals with the
effect of distance upon the
appearance of objects, by
means of which the eye
judges spatial relationships.
It enables us to perceive
distance and to see the
position of objects in space.
Two kinds of
perspective:
LINEAR
PERSPECTIVE
Is the representation of an
appearance of distance by
means of converging
lines. It
has to do with the
direction of lines and with
the size of the objects.
AERIAL
PERSPECTIVE
Is the representation of
relative distances of
objects by gradation of
tone and color.
SPACE
• In painting as in architecture, space
is of great importance. The exterior
of a building is seen as it appears in
space while the interior is seen by
one who is inside as enclosing space.
• Distance of area between, around,
above, below or within shapes
• Usually related to showing
foreground, middle ground, and
background on a flat surface.
FORM/SHAPE
Form applies to all the overall

design of a work of art. It
describes the structure or shape
of an object.
• All the visual arts are
concerned with form. Sculpture
and architecture deal with three-
dimensional
forms.
VOLUME
• This refers to the amount of
space occupied in three
dimensions. It therefore refers
to solidity or thickness.
• It has width, height, and
depth.
• The sculptor is concerned also
with volume because his figures
actually occupy space and can
be
observed from direction
PRINCIPLES
OF
DESIGN
HARMONY
• Harmony is essential to beauty. In visual arts,
it is achieved by establishing a pleasing
relationship between the various elements.
• There is harmony if the various parts of a
design will give an appearance of belonging
together. In other words, there must be unity.
BALANCE
• A pleasing relationship between the
various elements of a work of art is not the
only requirement for beauty. These
elements must also be so arranged that a
feeling of balance and equilibrium exists
between them.
• Balance gives a feeling of stability and
rest.
PROPORTION
• Proportion is determined by a comparison of

the size of different parts of an object or of an
arrangement.
• Harmonious proportion is achieved when one
part of an object does not seem too big or
small for the other parts.
RHYTHYM
• In the visual arts, rhythm is
achieved by the regular or
harmonious recurrence of lines,
forms, and colors.
• Rhythm is organized movement, a
beat, a repetition
EMPHASIS
• Emphasis is produced by the design or form

that catches our attention while the rest are
subordinated.
• It is important in all art forms. This is most
noticeable in the art of advertising. The aim of
advertising is to call attention to a particular
product or object.
MOVEMENT
• Visual flow through the composition
• How we get around in a work of art.
• Suggestion of motion in a design as you move
from object to object by way of placement and
position.
CONTRAST
An effect created by placing or arranging very
different things next to each other

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HUM 1 LESSON 4

THE VISUAL ART

Weight, solidity, and neutrality. The

Form applies to all the overall

• Proportion is determined by a comparison of

• Emphasis is produced by the design or form

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