2 TYPES OF CONCRETE.

7 CURING OF CONCRETE.

CONCRETE
o According to binding material The process of keeping concrete wet to
o According to design of concrete enable it to attain full strength is known
o According to purpose of concrete as curing.
Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate
bonded together with a fluid cement that hardens over time.
A hard substance made from cement mixed with sand, water, small stones
3 SPECIFICATIONS FOR CONCRETE.
Option A is performance based
• It is to prevent loss of moisture
from concrete due to evaporation.
Option B is prescription based • Curing should be done for a period
(gravel), etc.
Option C is a mixed option of three weeks but not less then 10
• Cement and lime are generally used as binding materials
days.
• Sand cinder is used as fine aggregates
• Crushed stones, gravel, broken bricks, gravel are used as coarse aggregates. • The surface of concrete is coated with a layer of bitumen or
similar other waterproofing compound which gets into the pores

1 PROPERTIES.
o Density o Tensile Strength 6 WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE.
of concrete and prevent loss of water from concrete.
It is the amount of water required to place concrete and to compact it thoroughly.
o Modulus of Elasticity Workability of concrete increases with the addition of water but it reduces the strength. Use of
o Durability o Shear Strength aggregates which are round and have smooth surfaces, adding air entraining agent such as vinsol
o Compressive Strength o Permeability resin or Darex, Lisapole liquid at 30 cubic centimeter per bag of cement increases the
o Poisson Ratio
5
workability.Workability of concrete is better determined by compaction factor test.
WATER-CEMENT RATIO.
The water–cement ratio is the ratio of the weight of water to
the weight of cement used in a concrete mix. Lower ratio leads
4 PROPOTIONING.
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 28
to higher strength and durability but may make the mix difficult MIX RATIO DAYS
to work with and form. GRADE OF CONCRETE (CEMENT:SAND:AGGREGATE)
Mpa(N/mm2) psi
• Ordinary concrete (sidewalks and driveways), a w/c ratio of
0.6 to 0.7 is normal.
• A lower w/c ratio of 0.4 is specified if a higher quality M5 1:5:10 5 MPa 725psi
concrete is desired.
• The practical range of the w/c ratio is from about 0.3 to M7.5 1:4:8 7.5 MPa 1087 psi
over 0.8. M10 1:3:6 10 MPa 1450 psi
• A ratio of 0.3 is very stiff and a ratio of 0.8 makes a wet and M15 1:2:4 15 MPa 2175 psi
weak concrete.
M20 1:1.5:3 20 MPa 2900 psi
 NAME PROPERTIES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE USE
Improved thermal properties &
Low Density, Fire Resistance, Very sensitive with water content Heat insulation on roofs,
LIGHT WEIGHT Sound Insulation, Durability, fire resistance. Savings in in the mixtures. Difficult to place Insulating water pipes,
transporting & handling precast
CONCRETE. Thermal insulation, Quality
units on site, Reduction in
and finish Mixing time is longer Construction of partition walls and
Control. formwork and propping. than conventional concrete. panel walls in frame structures.

Economically efficiency of
It is quite durable, The rate of construction Low density, low The production cost per unit for
water penetration through aerated AAC Block is higher, Needs care It is used for heat insulation
thermal conductivity, Good
AREATED CONCRETE. concrete is low, It has better
acoustic protection,
during manufacture ,surface of the purposes, fire proofing, floor
resistance to frost, Its water aerated concrete is not too construction, light insulation.
absorption is high. Fire safety, Vapor permeability, smooth.
Environmental friendliness.

No fines concrete compacts very Lower density, Lower cost due to The strength of no-fines concrete The walls made of no-fines
lower cement content, Lower
little, no workability test for no is lower than ordinary concrete, concrete can be used in cold
NO FINES CONCRETE. fines concrete, no fines concrete
thermal conductivity relatively low
No-fines concrete cannot be used countries because of its good
segregates. drying shrinkage, No segregation in reinforced concrete structure. thermal insulating characteristics.
and capillary movement of water.

Highly impermeable, durability, Good chemical resistance Expensive, high quality of labour Suitable for bridge deck coverings,
POLYMER CONCRETE. resistance, to weathering Good resistance against corrosion need. floor construction, precast.

The main disadvantage associated It uses for the fabrication of

FIBE RENFORCED  Workability and Compaction of FRCs used in civil structures where precast products like pipes, boats,
with the fiber reinforced concrete
Concrete, Size of Coarse corrosion can avoid at the beams, stair cased steps, wall
CONCRETE. Aggregate, orientation of Fibres maximum.
is a fabrication.
panels, roof panels, and also
manhole cover, etc.

used for a vast array of

High quality product can be applications :civil engineering
Min. water content, increase Time take for arrival, effective
READY MIX CONCRETE. strength & durability.
achieved, Lower costs, Saves time,
transport needed.
projects, road developments,
Eco-friendly, foundations, bridges, walls, floors
& bases, driveways, footpaths. 
RACHEL RAJES
RA1911201020023
H.