WELCOME TO

THE
PRESENTATION
OF GROUP 4
CLAUSES
Mi Mi Như như Mỹ Mỹ

Gia Gia Hân Hân Đức Đức

 Table of contents

01 Relative clauses 02 The relative 03 Prepositions in

with who, pronoun as relative clauses.
which and that. object.

Relative
04 Relative 05 The use of 06 pronoun and
structures with relative clauses.
whose, what relative
and it. adverbs

07 Relative clauses:
participle and to-infinitive
 01
Relative clauses
with who, which and that
 Who, which and that

Notes
Who Refers to people

That &
Refer to things
which
 A. Identifying (1)
Look at the information and identify which one is meant.
Use the shortest way of identifying where possible
E.g: The tall boy not The tall who is tall.

E.g:  The boy (he is tall)  Adjective  The tall boy

 The man (he has a bread)  Phrase  The man with a bread
 The woman (she plays golf)  Relative Clause  The woman who plays golf
1. The young man (he is at the door).
……………………………………………………….
The young man who is at the door.
2. The man (he plays his stereo at night).
 ………………………………………………………..
The man with his stereo at night.
3. The woman (she is very thin).
……………………………………………
The thin woman.
4. The girl (she has green eyes).
……………………………………………
The girl with green eyes.
 A. Identifying (1)
Look at the information and identify which one is meant.
Use the shortest way of identifying where possible.
E.g: The tall boy not The tall who is tall.

5. The young woman (she is in the office).

………………………………………………………….
The young woman who is in the office.
6. The man (he drives a taxi).
The man who drives a taxi.
……………………………………..
7. The young man (he is smart).
………………………………………….
The smart young man.
8. The student (she failed all her exams).
………………………………………………………..
The student who failed all her exams.
 B. Who, which and that (2)
Complete the conversation. Put in who, which or that
There is always more than one possible answer

Emma: Shall we have something to eat?

Matthew: Yes, but not here. I don’t like cafés …that… don’t have chairs. I’m
not one of those people…who… can eat standing up.
Emma: There’s another restaurant over there.
that
Matthew: It looks expensive – one of those places (1)……….. charge very high
who
prices. The only customers (2)……….. can afford to eat there are business
who
executives (3)…………. get their expenses paid. Anyway, which I can’t see a menu. I’m
not going into a restaurant (4)…………… doesn’t display a menu.
Emma: We just passed a café (5)…………… does snacks
that
Matthew: Oh, I didn’t like the look of that.
Emma: You’re one of those (6)………… who are never satisfied, aren’t you???
 C. Relative clauses (1-2)
Combine the information to make news items. Make the sentence in brackets into a relative
clause with who or which. Start each sentence with the

E.g: A man has gone to prison. (He shot two policemen.)

 The man who shot two policemen has gone to prison.
1. A bomb caused a lot of damage. (It went off this morning.)
…………………………………………………………………………………
The bomb which went off this morning caused a lot of damage.
2. A scientist has won the Nobel Prize. (He discovered a new planet.)

The scientist who discovered a new planet won the Nobel Prize.
……………………………………………………………………………………
3. A footballer has been banned from playing again. (He took drugs.)
…………………………………………………………………………………
The footballer who took drugs has been banned from playing again.
 C. Relative clauses (1-2)
Combine the information to make news items. Make the sentence in brackets into a relative
clause with who or which. Start each sentence with the

4. A little girl who had been found safe and well. (She had been missing since
Tuesday.)
The little girl who has been missing since Tuesday has been found safe and well.
……………………………………………………………………………………………

5. A company
The old lady has
nowlaid
whooff
didthousands ofjump
a parachute workers.
wants(It
to owns Greenway
swim the Supermarkets.)
English Channel.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. An old lady now wants to swim the English Channel. (She did a parachute jump)
……………………………………………………………………………………………
The company which owns Greenway Supermarkets has laid off thousands of workers.
 02
Prepositions in
relative clause
A Subject and object (1)
add who or that as the subject of the underlined part

She’s Tom new girlfriend.- Who is? – That girl. She just said hello.
That’s right. The girl who just said hello is Tom’s new girl friend.
1. The dog has been rescue.- What dog? – It fell down a hole.
Haven’t you heard? The ……………………………………..............
dog that fell down a hole has been rescued
2. The story was untrue.- What story?- you know. It upset everyone.
Yes, the ………………………………………………............................
story that upset everyone was untrue
3. He’s a film producer.- Who is?- That man. He interviewed Natasha.
That’s what i heard. The ………………………………......................
man who interviewed Natasha is a film producer
 add who or that as the object of the underlined part

4. The accident wasn’t very serious.- What accident?- Oh, Daniel saw it.
Yes, the …………………………………………………………………………
accident
5. He’s a billionaire.- Whothat Daniel
is?- That man.saw wasn’t
Claire very
knows serious
him.
It’s true. The …………………………………………………………………...
man who
6. The vase was extremely clairewhat
valuable.- knows is You
vase?- a billionaire
know. David broke it.
That’s right. The ………………………………………………………………
7. It’s very nice.- What is?- The jacket. Melanie wore it at the party.
vase that David broke was extremely valuable
Yes, it is. The …………………………………………………………………

jacket that Melanie wore at the party is really nice

B leaving out relative pronoun (2)

Fresh soap. Beautiful people use it. It’s the soap beautiful people use.
1. An every man car. You can afford it. It’s the car you can afford.
2. ‘Hijack’. People want to see this film. It’s the film people want to see.
3. Greenway Supermarket. You can trust it. It’s the supermarket you can trust.
4. ‘Cool’ magazine. Young people read it. It’s the magazine young people read.
5. Jupiter chocolate. You’ll love them. It’s the chocolate you’ll love.
C Leaving out the relative pronoun (2)

The man ! paid for the meal was a friend of Tom’s.

The man who paid for the meal was a friend of Tom’s.
The meeting ! Mark had to attend went on for three hours.
The meeting Mark had to attend went on for three hours.
1. Somewhere I’ve got a photo of the mountain ! we climbed.
.......................................................................................................................
Somewhere I’ve got a photo of the mountain ! we climbed
2. The man ! repaired my car is a real expert.
………………………………………………………………………………………
The man ! repaired my car is a real expert.
3. The detective lost sight of the man ! he was following.
………………………………………………………………………………………
The detective lost sight of the man ! he was following.
4. I thought I regconized the assistant ! served us.
……………………………………………………………………………………...
I thought I regconized the assistant ! served us.
5. I afraid the number ! I chose didn’t win a prize
………………………………………………………………………………………
I afraid the number ! I chose didn’t win a prize
 03

Preposition in relative clause

● By Đỗ Hồng Mỹ Như – Group 4 – 63NNA1

 A. A preposition at the end (1-2)

What are they saying? Put in sentences with a preposition at the end.
 (Mark has been looking for this letter) This is

the letter I’ve been looking for.

1. (Rachel was talking about that film)
________________________________
2. (Laura has decided on this wallpaper)
_______________________________
3. (Matthew played tennis with that man)
______________________________
4. (David fell down those steps)
________________________________
B. A preposition at the end (1-2)
Match the phrases and write the definitions. Put the preposition at the end of
the relative clause.

 A kitchen A cupboard You hit nails with it

1. A hammer The person You keep valuable things in it

2. Your destination A piece of furniture You cook in it

3. A safe The place You can either sit or sleep on it

4. Your opponent A room You’re going to it

5. A sofa bed A tool You’re playing against it

  A kitchen is a room you cook in
A hammer is a tool you can hit nails with
1. .....................................................................................
Your destination is the place you’re going to
2. …………………………………………………………….
A safe is a cupboard you keep valuable things
3. ………………………………………………....................
An opponent is the person you’re playing against
4. …………………………………………………….
5. ……………………………………………………………
A sofa bed is a piece of furniture you can either sit or sleep
………..
on
 C. A preposition at the beginning (3)

It’s election time. All the politicians are arguing. Rewrite the first sentence using a preposition at the
beginning of a relative clause.
 I cannot agree with that statement. I hope I’ve made that clear.
That is a statement which I cannot agree.
1. Our party believes in that idea. I say this from the bottom of my heart.
_________________________________________________________
This is an idea which our party believes in.
2. I am strongly opposed to that policy. And I am not afraid to say so.
_________________________________________________________
That’s a policy (that) I strongly opposed.
3. No one cares about these people. They are the forgotten people.
_________________________________________________________
Those are the people whom aren’t cared about.
4. Your party should be ashamed of those mistake. And everyone knows that.
_________________________________________________________
Those are the mistakes that your party should be ashamed of.
5. The government is now dealing with that problem. How many times do I have to
tell you?
_________________________________________________________
That’s the problem which the government is now dealing with.
 04
Relative structures
with whose, what and
it
 A. Who or whose? (1)
You are reading a crime story. One of these people has murdered the industrialist
Colin Howard. Look at the detective’s notes and write a sentence about each person.
Use a relative clause with who or whose.
 George Paxton, company director – he had an argument with Colin.
George is the company director who had an argument with Colin.
1. Felix Reeves, journalist – his tape recoreder was stolen.
Felix Reeves is the journalist whose tape recorder was stolen.
……………………………………………………………….
2. Graham Wilshaw, architect – he knew Colin at school.
Graham Wilshaw is the architect who knew Colin at school.
……………………………………………………………….
3. Rex Carter, farmer – Colin bought his land.
Rex Carter is the farmer whose land Colin bought.
………………………………………………………………..
4. Norman Bridge, lawyer – he looked after Colin’s interests.
……………………………………………………………….
Norman Bridge is the lawyer who looked after Colin’s interests
5. Sonia Goldman, house guest-her fingerprints were on the door handle.
……………………………………………………………….
Sonia Goldman is the house guest whose fingerprints were on the door handle.
 B. What? (2)
Zedco Chief Executed Barry Douglas is telling a group of managers how to run a
business successfully. He emphasizes the underlined words using what.
 You must pay attention to the details.
What you must pay attention to are the details.
1. You have to think about your profit.
……………………………………………………………….
Whatmust
2. You you have
knowtothe
think about
needs is your
of your profit.
custormers.
……………………………………………………………….
3. You
Whatshould work
you must towards
know a realistic
are the needs oftarget.
your custormers.
……………………………………………………………….
4. What
You need to planwork
you should ahead.towards is a realistic target.
……………………………………………………………….
What you need to do is to plan ahead.
 C. It (3)
Quiz champion Claude Jennings is answering some questions.
Look at each question and answer and write a sentence with it + be + a relative clause.
 Who invented radio? ~Marconi.
It was Marconi who invented radio.
1. When did Columbus sail to America? ~ In 1942.
It was in 1942 that …………………………………………
2. What does Tiger Woods Columbus
play? ~sailed
Golf. to America
It’s…………………………………………………………….
3. Where golfdid the
that Olympic
Tiger WoodsGames
plays. first take place? ~ In Greece.
…………………………………………………………………
4. Which is nearest
It was in Greece the
thatsun, Venus orGames
the Olympic Mercury?
first ~took
Mercury.
place.
…………………………………………………………………
It’s Mercury that is nearest the sun.
05
The use of relative
clauses
 Match the parts and write sentenses with an
adding clauses. Use who or which
A Adding clauses
1. Nelson He was killed in 1980. He was one of the
Mandela Beatles
2. John Lennon It is 140 million miles away. He became President
of South Africa
3. The Titanic He was in prison for 27 years. It is known as the red
planet.
4. Queen Victoria It sank in 1912. It stood for 28 years.
5. Mars It was built in 1961. It was supposed to be
unsinkable.
6. The Berlin She came to the throne in She ruled over the
Wall 1837. British Empire.

1. Nelson Mandela, who was killed prison for 27 years,

became President of South Africa.
 Match the parts and write sentenses with an
adding clauses. Use who or which
A Adding clauses
1. Nelson He was killed in 1980. He was one of the
Mandela Beatles
2. John Lennon It is 140 million miles away. He became President
of South Africa
3. The Titanic He was in prison for 27 years. It is known as the red
planet.
4. Queen Victoria It sank in 1912. It stood for 28 years.
5. Mars It was built in 1961. It was supposed to be
unsinkable.
6. The Berlin She came to the throne in She ruled over the
Wall 1837. British Empire.

2. John Lennon, who was killed in 1980, was one of the Beatlles.
 Match the parts and write sentenses with an
adding clauses. Use who or which
A Adding clauses
1. Nelson He was killed in 1980. He was one of the
Mandela Beatles
2. John Lennon It is 140 million miles away. He became President
of South Africa
3. The Titanic He was in prison for 27 years. It is known as the red
planet.
4. Queen Victoria It sank in 1912. It stood for 28 years.
5. Mars It was built in 1961. It was supposed to be
unsinkable.
6. The Berlin She came to the throne in She ruled over the
Wall 1837. British Empire.

3. The Titanic, which sank in 1912, was supposed to be unsinkable.

 Match the parts and write sentenses with an
adding clauses. Use who or which
A Adding clauses
1. Nelson He was killed in 1980. He was one of the
Mandela Beatles
2. John Lennon It is 140 million miles away. He became President
of South Africa
3. The Titanic He was in prison for 27 years. It is known as the red
planet.
4. Queen Victoria It sank in 1912. It stood for 28 years.
5. Mars It was built in 1961. It was supposed to be
unsinkable.
6. The Berlin She came to the throne in She ruled over the
Wall 1837. British Empire.

4. Queen Victoria, who came to the throne in 1837, ruled over the
British Empire.
 Match the parts and write sentenses with an
adding clauses. Use who or which
A Adding clauses
1. Nelson He was killed in 1980. He was one of the
Mandela Beatles
2. John Lennon It is 140 million miles away. He became President
of South Africa
3. The Titanic He was in prison for 27 years. It is known as the red
planet.
4. Queen Victoria It sank in 1912. It stood for 28 years.
5. Mars It was built in 1961. It was supposed to be
unsinkable.
6. The Berlin She came to the throne in She ruled over the
Wall 1837. British Empire.

5. Mars, which is 140 million miles away, is known as the red planet.
 Match the parts and write sentenses with an
adding clauses. Use who or which
A Adding clauses
1. Nelson He was killed in 1980. He was one of the
Mandela Beatles
2. John Lennon It is 140 million miles away. He became President
of South Africa
3. The Titanic He was in prison for 27 years. It is known as the red
planet.
4. Queen Victoria It sank in 1912. It stood for 28 years.
5. Mars It was built in 1961. It was supposed to be
unsinkable.
6. The Berlin She came to the throne in She ruled over the
Wall 1837. British Empire.

6. The Berlin Wall, which was built in 1916, stood for 28 years.
 B Identifying clauses or adding?
Read the news article and then say what each relative clause does.
Dose it tell us which one, or does it add information?

The play that the students put on last week was Oscar Wilde's 'The Importance of
Being Earnest', which was written in 1895. The college theatre, (1) which holds
over 400 people, was unfortunately only half full for the Friday evening
performance. However, the people (2) who bothered to attend must have been glad
they did. Lucy Kellett, (3) who played Lady Bracknell, was magnificent.
Unfortunately the young man (4) who played John Worthing forgot his lines twice,
but that did not spoil the evening, (5) which was a great success

1. It adds information
 B Identifying clauses or adding?
Read the news article and then say what each relative clause does.
Dose it tell us which one, or does it add information?

The play that the students put on last week was Oscar Wilde's 'The Importance of
Being Earnest', which was written in 1895. The college theatre, (1) which holds
over 400 people, was unfortunately only half full for the Friday evening
performance. However, the people (2) who bothered to attend must have been glad
they did. Lucy Kellett, (3) who played Lady Bracknell, was magnificent.
Unfortunately the young man (4) who played John Worthing forgot his lines twice,
but that did not spoil the evening, (5) which was a great success

1. It adds information
 B Identifying clauses or adding?
Read the news article and then say what each relative clause does.
Dose it tell us which one, or does it add information?

The play that the students put on last week was Oscar Wilde's 'The Importance of
Being Earnest', which was written in 1895. The college theatre, (1) which holds
over 400 people, was unfortunately only half full for the Friday evening
performance. However, the people (2) who bothered to attend must have been glad
they did. Lucy Kellett, (3) who played Lady Bracknell, was magnificent.
Unfortunately the young man (4) who played John Worthing forgot his lines twice,
but that did not spoil the evening, (5) which was a great success

2. It tells us which people

 B Identifying clauses or adding?
Read the news article and then say what each relative clause does.
Dose it tell us which one, or does it add information?

The play that the students put on last week was Oscar Wilde's 'The Importance of
Being Earnest', which was written in 1895. The college theatre, (1) which holds
over 400 people, was unfortunately only half full for the Friday evening
performance. However, the people (2) who bothered to attend must have been glad
they did. Lucy Kellett, (3) who played Lady Bracknell, was magnificent.
Unfortunately the young man (4) who played John Worthing forgot his lines twice,
but that did not spoil the evening, (5) which was a great success

3. It adds information
 B Identifying clauses or adding?
Read the news article and then say what each relative clause does.
Dose it tell us which one, or does it add information?

The play that the students put on last week was Oscar Wilde's 'The Importance of
Being Earnest', which was written in 1895. The college theatre, (1) which holds
over 400 people, was unfortunately only half full for the Friday evening
performance. However, the people (2) who bothered to attend must have been glad
they did. Lucy Kellett, (3) who played Lady Bracknell, was magnificent.
Unfortunately the young man (4) who played John Worthing forgot his lines twice,
but that did not spoil the evening, (5) which was a great success

4. It tell us which one

 B Identifying clauses or adding?
Read the news article and then say what each relative clause does.
Dose it tell us which one, or does it add information?

The play that the students put on last week was Oscar Wilde's 'The Importance of
Being Earnest', which was written in 1895. The college theatre, (1) which holds
over 400 people, was unfortunately only half full for the Friday evening
performance. However, the people (2) who bothered to attend must have been glad
they did. Lucy Kellett, (3) who played Lady Bracknell, was magnificent.
Unfortunately the young man (4) who played John Worthing forgot his lines twice,
but that did not spoil the evening, (5) which was a great success

5. It adds information
 C_Commas in relative clauses
Put in relative clauses. You may also need to put in one or two commas.
who took Rita to the party
1. (who took Rita to the party) The person........................................... Was Tom.
,whose temper’s bad,
2. (who has a bad temper) Henry…………………………………………. Shouted at the

waiter.
which Tom supports
3. (which Tom supports) The team…………………………………………….is United

4. (who is afraid of heights) We all climbed up expect

,who is afraid of heights

Vicky…………………………………………

5. (which is on the tenth floor) My new flat……………………………………………..has

,whichview
a terrific is on the tenth floor

6. (she bought the sofa from) Sarah can’t remember the name of the
she bought the sofa from
shop………………………..
06
RELATIVE
PRONOUNS &
RELATIVE
ADVERBS
 A Who, whom, whose, which, where and why

Complete this advertisement. Put in who, whom, whose, which, where or why.

The town of Keswick,.............. lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the perfect place
for a holiday, and the Derwent whichHotel, (1)................ overlooks the town, is the perfect
place to stay. Robin and Wendy Jackson (2).............. which bought this small hotel 3 years
ago, have already won an excellent reputation. Robin, (3)............... whocooking is one of the
reasons (4)................. the Derwent is so popular,was once Young Chef of the Year. The
whose
comfort why as members of the family,
of the guests, (5)............. the owners treat almost
always comes first. Peter Ustinov, (6)............... once stayed at the hotel, described it as
which And the Lake District, (7).................. has so much wonderful scenery and
‘marvellous’.
who
(8)................ the poet Wordsworth lived, will not disappoint you.
which
where
 B Identifying clauses and adding clauses

Put in the relative clauses. Sometimes there is more than one possible answer.

1. Zedco has 10, 000 employees. It’s an international company.

which has 10,000 employees
Zedco,..............................................................................................,is an international company.
2. Vicky’s name was missed off the list, so she wasn’t very pleased.
Vicky,.............................................................................................................., wasn’t very pleased.
whose name was missed off the list
3. Laura painted a picture, and it’s being shown in an exhibition.
The picture................................................................................is being shown in an exhibition.
4. We’re all looking forward to a concert. It’s next Saturday.
which/that Laura painted
The
concert………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………..is next Saturday.

which/that we’re looking forward to

5. One week Mike and Harriet went camping. It was the wettest of the year.
The week………………………………………………………………..
………………………..was
that/which Mikethe wettest
and ofwent
Harriet the year.
camping
6. Aunt Joan is a bit deaf, so she didn’t hear the phone.
Aunt Joan,.........................................., didn’t hear the phone.
7. You’ll meetwho is atomorrow.
Henry bit deaf He’s also a member of the board.
Henry,.........................................................., is also a member of the board.
8. I’ll seewhom
you near themeet
you’ll post tomorrow
office. We met there the other day.
I’ll see you near the post office,...........................................................
where we met the other day.
 C A special use of which
● Match the sentence pairs and join them with which.

● It means he can’t get about very easily.

● It’s made her very depressed.
● That was rather careless of you.
● That caused a traffic jam.
● That was very kind of her.

● Rachel’s mother paid for the

E. which was very kind of her.
meal,...................................................................................
● My brother is
A.which means (that) he can’t get about very easily.
disabled,................................................................................
● You left the keys in the
car,.......................................................................................
C. which was rather careless of you.
● Vicky didn’t get the
job,........................................................................................
B. which made her very depressed.
● The police blocked off the
D. which caused a traffic jam.
road,......................................................................................
 07
RELATIVE CLAUSE
PARTICIPLE AND
TO-INFINITIVE
 A. RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH A
PARTICIPLE
1. Baseball is a game …… Mainly in the US .
played
2. A wrist- watch is a watch ….. on your wrist .
worn
3. A latecomer is a person ………latearriving .
4. An instruction is a statement …..told You what to do .
5. A spectator is someone ……… watchingA game or an event .
6. An extension is a new part …… on to a building .
added
7. An obstacle is something ………. blockingyour way .
 B RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH A
PARTICIPLE (1)
1. Families have been evicted . ( They were living in an empty office building )
living in a………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
-> Families …………. empty office building have been evicted .

2. A chemical company has gone bankrupt . ( It employed 4,000 people )

-> A chemical company ……………………………………………………………………………………………….

employing 4,000 people has gone bankrupt .
3. A bridge has been declared unsafe . ( It was built only two years ago )

-> A bridge …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

built only two years ago has been declared unsafe

4. People have marched to London . ( They are protesting against pollution . )

protesting against pollution have marched to London.
-> People ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5.Tennis fans have been queuing all night at Wimbledon . ( They hope to buy tickets )

-> Tennis fans ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

hoping to buy tickets have been queuing all night at Wimbledon

6. A new drug may give us eternal youth . ( It was developed at a British university . )
developed at a British university may give us eternal youth .
-> A new drug ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
 C RELATIVE CLAUSES WITH A TO-
INFINITIVE
1. Olivia’s daughter swam a length of the pool . No other girl as young as her did that .
-> Olivia’s daughter was ………………………………………………………………………………………
Olivia’s daughter was the youngest girl to swim length of the pool .

2. The secretaries got a pay rise . No one else did .

-> THe secretaries was ………………………………………………………………………………………
The secretaries was only person to get a pay rise .

3. The pilot left the aircraft . Everyone else had left before him .
-> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The pilot was the last person to leave the aircraft .

4. Mrs Harper became managing Director . No other woman had done that before .
-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Mrs Harper was the first person to become managing director .

5. Daniel applied for the job . No other candidate as suitable as him applied .
-> ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Daniel was only candidate as suitable as to apply for the job .
Thank you for listening!