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Module 2 - Modelling Timing Constraints

This document discusses modeling timing constraints for real-time systems. It begins by describing different types of real-time tasks based on their deadline requirements, such as hard, firm, soft, and non-real-time tasks. It then discusses different types of events that occur in real-time systems, such as stimulus and response events. It describes different timing constraints like delay constraints, deadline constraints, and duration constraints. It explains how to model these timing constraints using finite state machines and extended finite state machines that incorporate timers. Finally, it provides some examples of sample real-time system projects.

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pranav
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38 views

Module 2 - Modelling Timing Constraints

This document discusses modeling timing constraints for real-time systems. It begins by describing different types of real-time tasks based on their deadline requirements, such as hard, firm, soft, and non-real-time tasks. It then discusses different types of events that occur in real-time systems, such as stimulus and response events. It describes different timing constraints like delay constraints, deadline constraints, and duration constraints. It explains how to model these timing constraints using finite state machines and extended finite state machines that incorporate timers. Finally, it provides some examples of sample real-time system projects.

Uploaded by

pranav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2 - Modelling Timing

constraints
Types of Real Time Tasks
Depending on consequences of a task missing its
deadline,

– Hard Real Time

– Firm Real Time

– Soft Real Time

– Non Real Time


Hard Real Time Tasks
• Constrained to produce its results within certain
predefined time bounds

• Examples:
– Robot
– Anti missile system

• Typically safety critical

• Time bound – few milliseconds to microseconds


Firm Real Time Tasks
• Associated with some predefined deadline

• Unlike hard real time task, a firm real time task does
not complete within its deadline, the system does
not fail

• Late results are merely discarded


…Continued
• Example:
– Video Conferencing
– Satellite based tracking
Soft Real Time Tasks
• Have time bounds

• However they are not absolute values

• They are average response time

• Example: Web Browsing


Non Real Time Tasks
• Not associated with any time bounds

• Example: Batch processing jobs, email and


back ground tasks
Timing Constraints
• Correctness of real time tasks depends on
logical correctness as well as on the
satisfaction of the corresponding timing
constraints
• Timing constraints apply to certain events in
the system
• Timing behavior can be ascertained better
with proper characterizing of the events
Events in a Real Time System
• Stimulus Events
– Generated by the environment and act on the
system
– Asynchronous Events
– Eg: Pressing a button in mobile
• Response Events
– Produced by system in response to stimulus
events
– Eg: Fire alarm
More about Events
• Events can either be instantaneous or last for
a duration

• Last for a duration events – start event and


end event
Classification of Timing Constraints
• Performance Constraints
– Imposed on the response of the system
• Behavioral Constraints
– Imposed on the stimuli generated by the
environment
• Further Classification
– Delay Constraint
– Deadline Constraint
– Duration Constraint
Delay Constraint
• Captures minimum time delay that must elapse
between the occurrence of two arbitrary events e1 and
e2, if e2 occurs earlier than minimum delay, then a
delay violation is said to occur. A delay constraint on the
event e2 can be expressed more formally as follows

• t(e2) and t(e1) are time stamps on the events e2 and e1


respectively and d is the minimum delay specified from
e2
Delay constraint between two events
Deadline
• Captures permissible maximum separation
between any two arbitrary events e1 and e2
Example
Duration
• Specifies the time period over which the event acts

• Minimum type
– Once the event starts, the event must not end before a
certain minimum duration

• Maximum type
– Once the event starts, the event must end before a
certain maximum duration elapses
Further Types
• Deadline
– Stimulus-Stimulus (SS)
– Stimulus-Response (SR)
– Response – Stimulus (RS)
– Response – Response (RR)
• Delay
– SS
…Continued
Modeling Timing Constraints
• Based on FSM
• In an FSM model, at any point of time a system can be in
any one of a (possibly infinite) number of states
• A state is represented by a circle
• The system changes state due to events that change the
values of, or relations among the state variables
• A transition causing event may either be an interface
event that are transmitted between the environment and
the computer system or it could also be an internal event
that is generated and consumed solely within the system.
Extended Finite State Machine (EFSM)

• EFSM extends the traditional FSM by


incorporating the action of setting a timer and
the expiry event of a timer
Conventions used in drawing EFSM
Stimulus - Stimulus
Response – Stimulus
Stimulus - Response
Response - Response
Delay Constraint (SS)
Durational Constraint (Example)
Sample Projects
• Intelligent Transportation Systems - Connected
Vehicles
• Networking multiple sensors (bio) for health
monitoring, diagnostics, prosthesis etc
• Smart Cities
• Power and Energy efficiency
• Distributed Manufacturing industry

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