Hydrometeological Hazards

UNDERSTANDING
HYDRO -
METEOROLOGICAL
PHENOMENA AND
HAZARDS
AFTER GOING THROUGH THIS LESSON, YOU ARE
EXPECTED TO:
1. USING HAZARD MAPS IN IDENTIFYING AREAS PRONE
TO HAZARDS BROUGHT ABOUT BY TROPICAL CYCLONES,
MONSOONS, FLOODS, OR IPO-IPO(S11/12ES-IG-36);
2. DESCRIBE HOW COASTAL PROCESSES RESULT IN

COASTAL EROSION, SUBMERSION, AND SALTWATER
INTRUSION (S11/12ES-IH-38); AND
3. CITE WAYS TO PREVENT OR MITIGATE THE IMPACT
OF LAND DEVELOPMENT, WASTE DISPOSAL, AND
CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES ON CONTROL COASTAL
PROCESSES (S11/12ES-II-41).
Hydrometeorologic
Lesson
1 al Phenomena and
Hazards
TRY
ME!!

1. WHICH DOES NOT BELONG TO THE GROUP?

A. EARTHQUAKE B. WILDFIRE C. IPO-IPO
D. THUNDERSTORM
2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL MOST LIKELY
TO OCCUR IF YOU ARE LIVING NEAR A COAST?
A. FLOODING C. LANDSLIDE
B. STORM SURGE D. TROPICAL CYCLONE
TRY
ME!!

1. WHICH DOES NOT BELONG TO THE GROUP?
A. EARTHQUAKE B. WILDFIRE C. IPO-IPO D. THUNDERSTORM
2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL MOST LIKELY TO OCCUR IF YOU ARE LIVING NEAR A COAST?
A. FLOODING C. LANDSLIDE
B. STORM SURGE D. TROPICAL CYCLONE
TRY ME!!

3.Which of the following hazards are processes
of atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic
nature that may cause the loss of life or injury,
property damage, social and economic
disruption, or environmental degradation?
A. Biological C. Natural
B. Geological D. Hydrometeorological
TRY
ME!!

4. Which of the following is developed
to illuminate areas that are affected or
vulnerable to a particular hazard?
A. Hazard Map C. Accident Map

B. Disaster Map D. None of the above
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD IS MORE
LIKELY TO HAPPEN IF YOU LEAVE IN URBAN
AREAS OR NEAR A RIVER?
A. TORNADO B. LANDSLIDES
C. STORM SURGED. FLOODING

`
BELOW ARE SOME OF THE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS. `IDENTIFY EACH HAZARD. WRITE YOUR ANSWER.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
THE PHILIPPINES IS PRONE TO TROPICAL
CYCLONES DUE TO ITS GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCATION WHICH GENERALLY PRODUCE
HEAVY RAINS AND FLOODING OF LARGE
AREAS AND ALSO STRONG WINDS WHICH
RESULT IN HEAVY CASUALTIES TO
HUMAN LIFE AND DESTRUCTIONS TO
PHILIPPINES ARE PRONE TO
HAZARDS BROUGHT BY
TROPICAL CYCLONES AND
FLOODS?
•NORTHERN LUZON
•EASTERN VISAYAS
•BICOL REGION
WHAT IS HYDROMETEOROLOGY?
• IS THE SCIENCE THAT STUDIES THE CYCLE OF WATER.

• IT IS INTIMATELY RELATED TO THE METEOROLOGY,
HYDROLOGY, AND CLIMATOLOGY SCIENCES.
• THE HYDROMETEOROLOGY STUDIES THE PROCESSES OF
THE HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE THAT OCCUR IN THE
ATMOSPHERE (EVAPORATION, CONDENSATION, AND
PRECIPITATION) AND IN THE GROUND (RAINFALL
INTERCEPTION, INFILTRATION, AND SURFACE RUNOFF)
AND THEIR INTERACTIONS.
• OCEANS AND SEAS HAVE GREAT INFLUENCE ON THE WEATHER
OF CONTINENTAL MASSES.
• A LARGE PORTION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY REACHING THE SEA-

SURFACE IS CONSUMED IN THE PROCESS OF EVAPORATION.
THESE WATERS EVAPORATED FROM THE SEA/OCEAN IS
CARRIED UP INTO THE ATMOSPHERE AND CONDENSES,
FORMING CLOUDS FROM WHICH ALL FORMS OF PRECIPITATION
RESULT. SOMETIMES, INTENSE CYCLONIC CIRCULATIONS
OCCUR WHICH IS WHAT WE CALL THE TROPICAL CYCLONES.
• TROPICAL CYCLONES ARE WARM-CORE
LOW PRESSURE SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH A SPIRAL INFLOW OF MASS AT THE
BOTTOM LEVEL AND SPIRAL OUTFLOW AT
THE TOP LEVEL. THEY ALWAYS FORM OVER
OCEANS WHERE SEA SURFACE
TEMPERATURE, ALSO AIR TEMPERATURES
• THE AIR ACCUMULATES LARGE AMOUNTS OF SENSIBLE
AND LATENT HEAT AS IT SPIRALS TOWARDS THE
CENTER. IT RECEIVES THIS HEAT FROM THE SEA AND
THE EXCHANGE CAN OCCUR RAPIDLY, BECAUSE OF THE
LARGE AMOUNT OF SPRAY THROWN INTO THE AIR BY
THE WIND. THE ENERGY OF THE TROPICAL CYCLONE IS
THUS DERIVED FROM THE MASSIVE LIBERATION OF THE
LATENT HEAT OF CONDENSATION.
• TROPICAL CYCLONES CAN ONLY FORM
OVER OCEANS OF THE WORLD EXCEPT IN
THE SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND THE
SOUTH EASTERN PACIFIC WHERE A
TROPICAL CYCLONE COULD NEVER BE
FORMED DUE TO THE COOLER SEA
SURFACE TEMPERATURE AND HIGHER
•THEY DEVELOP AT LATITUDES USUALLY
GREATER THAN 5° FROM THE EQUATOR. THEY
REACH THEIR GREATEST INTENSITY WHILE
LOCATED OVER WARM TROPICAL WATER. AS
SOON AS THEY MOVE INLAND, THEY BEGIN TO
WEAKEN, BUT OFTEN NOT BEFORE THEY
HAVE CAUSED GREAT DESTRUCTION.
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
• HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS ARE PROCESSES
OF ATMOSPHERIC, HYDROLOGICAL OR
OCEANOGRAPHIC NATURE THAT MAY CAUSE THE
LOSS OF LIFE OR INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE,
SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DISRUPTION OR
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION. EXAMPLES OF THIS
ARE TROPICAL CYCLONES, MONSOON RAINS (LIKE
HABAGAT AND AMIHAN), TORNADO, IPO-IPO AND
HURRICANES, CYCLONE, TYPHOONS
• THESE THREE ARE BASICALLY THE SAME THING,

THEY ARE GIVEN DIFFERENT NAMES DEPENDING
ON THEIR POINT OF ORIGIN.
• HURRICANES ARE TROPICAL STORMS THAT FORM

OVER THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND
HURRICANES, CYCLONE, TYPHOONS
• THE PHILIPPINES IS PRONE TO TROPICAL CYCLONES

DUE TO ITS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION WHICH
GENERALLY PRODUCE HEAVY RAINS AND FLOODING
OF LARGE AREAS AND ALSO STRONG WINDS WHICH
RESULT IN HEAVY CASUALTIES TO HUMAN LIFE AND
DESTRUCTIONS TO CROPS AND PROPERTIES. THUS, IT IS
OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE TO HAVE SUFFICIENT
HYDROMETEOROLOGI
CAL HAZARD MAP
is a map indicating the areas that
are vulnerable to hazards caused
by tropical cyclones, floods,
and ipo-ipo. Recall that in studying
a hazard map, you have to note the
title, source, legend, and symbols.
They guide you in understanding
the information presented by the
• HAZARD MAPS ARE DEVELOPED TO IDENTIFY
AREAS THAT ARE AFFECTED OR VULNERABLE
TO A PARTICULAR HAZARD. THESE MAPS WHEN
PROPERLY UTILIZED BY DEVELOPERS AND
ENGINEERS CAN SAVE LIVES AND ECONOMIC
LOSSES BY AVOIDING EXPOSURE TO SOME
HAZARDS WHILE DESIGNING OTHER
DEVELOPMENT TO MITIGATE OR NEUTRALIZE
• THIS HAZARD MAP
SHOWS THE TYPHOON
INCIDENCE IN THE
COUNTRY. IT DISPLAYS
THAT LUZON REGION
RECEIVES THE MOST
TYPHOON COMPARED
TO VISAYAS AND
FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP
• FLOOD IS THE OVERFLOW OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF
WATER BEYOND ITS NORMAL CONFINES. IT IS A
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARD THAT CAN BE
CAUSED BY HEAVY RAINFALL BROUGHT BY A TYPHOON
OR THE SOUTHWEST MONSOON. IT CAUSES DAMAGE TO
INFRASTRUCTURE AND POSES THREATS TO THE
HEALTH OF RESIDENTS LIVING IN THE AREA.
• UNLIKE THE TYPHOON RISK MAP WHICH
PRESENTS THE LEVEL OF RISK OF
DIFFERENT PROVINCES TO TYPHOONS
BASED ON THEIR LOCATION TO THE
TYPHOON ROUTE, FLOOD MAPS ARE MORE
AREA-SPECIFIC. A FLOOD MAP REPRESENTS
PAST SCENARIOS OF FLOOD EVENTS IN THE
ANSWER ME!!!! Fill out the blank to complete the statement
correctly.
1.____ARE DEVELOPED TO IDENTIFY AREAS THAT ARE
AFFECTED OR VULNERABLE TO A PARTICULAR HAZARD.
2.____ARE PROCESSES OF ATMOSPHERIC, HYDROLOGICAL OR
OCEANOGRAPHIC NATURE THAT MAY CAUSE THE LOSS OF LIFE
OR INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC
DISRUPTION OR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.
3. A TROPICAL CYCLONE THAT ORIGINATES FROM THE PACIFIC
OCEAN IS CALLED ____.?
4._____ IS THE OVERFLOW OF A LARGE AMOUNT OF WATER
BEYOND ITS NORMAL CONFINES.

Hydrometeological Hazards

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UNDERSTANDING

2. DESCRIBE HOW COASTAL PROCESSES RESULT IN

1. WHICH DOES NOT BELONG TO THE GROUP?

A. Hazard Map C. Accident Map

C. STORM SURGED. FLOODING

• IS THE SCIENCE THAT STUDIES THE CYCLE OF WATER.

• A LARGE PORTION OF THE SOLAR ENERGY REACHING THE SEA-

• THESE THREE ARE BASICALLY THE SAME THING,

• HURRICANES ARE TROPICAL STORMS THAT FORM

• THE PHILIPPINES IS PRONE TO TROPICAL CYCLONES

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