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    L14 - Dynamic Elastic Constants

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    Chunaram Choudhary
    The document discusses pulse velocity testing methods for determining dynamic elastic constants of rocks. Pulse velocity testing involves transmitting an electric pulse through piezoelectric crystals into a rock specimen, then measuring the travel time of stress waves between sensors to calculate P-wave and S-wave velocities. These velocities can then be used to estimate dynamic elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio if the rock is assumed to be elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. Field testing methods involve generating and recording stress waves using explosive sources or sledgehammers to measure velocities between points in rock outcrops or drill holes. Limitations of field testing are that small, transient loads may not capture full rock mass behavior and properties differ from static tests due to

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    L14 - Dynamic Elastic Constants

    Uploaded by

    Chunaram Choudhary
    27 views10 pages
    The document discusses pulse velocity testing methods for determining dynamic elastic constants of rocks. Pulse velocity testing involves transmitting an electric pulse through piezoelectric crystals into a rock specimen, then measuring the travel time of stress waves between sensors to calculate P-wave and S-wave velocities. These velocities can then be used to estimate dynamic elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio if the rock is assumed to be elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. Field testing methods involve generating and recording stress waves using explosive sources or sledgehammers to measure velocities between points in rock outcrops or drill holes. Limitations of field testing are that small, transient loads may not capture full rock mass behavior and properties differ from static tests due to

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    these are personal ppts made for my MTech at IIT Delhi

    Original Title

    L14_DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONSTANTS

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    The document discusses pulse velocity testing methods for determining dynamic elastic constants of rocks. Pulse velocity testing involves transmitting an electric pulse through piezoelectric crystals into a rock specimen, then measuring the travel time of stress waves between sensors to calculate P-wave and S-wave velocities. These velocities can then be used to estimate dynamic elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio if the rock is assumed to be elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. Field testing methods involve generating and recording stress waves using explosive sources or sledgehammers to measure velocities between points in rock outcrops or drill holes. Limitations of field testing are that small, transient loads may not capture full rock mass behavior and properties differ from static tests due to

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    27 views10 pages

    L14 - Dynamic Elastic Constants

    Uploaded by

    Chunaram Choudhary
    The document discusses pulse velocity testing methods for determining dynamic elastic constants of rocks. Pulse velocity testing involves transmitting an electric pulse through piezoelectric crystals into a rock specimen, then measuring the travel time of stress waves between sensors to calculate P-wave and S-wave velocities. These velocities can then be used to estimate dynamic elastic modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio if the rock is assumed to be elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. Field testing methods involve generating and recording stress waves using explosive sources or sledgehammers to measure velocities between points in rock outcrops or drill holes. Limitations of field testing are that small, transient loads may not capture full rock mass behavior and properties differ from static tests due to

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    DYNAMIC ELASTIC CONSTANTS

    Prof. K. G. Sharma
    Department of Civil Engineering
    Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
    Pulse Velocity Test
     Cylindrical Specimen
     Piezoelectric Crystals
     High Frequency Electric Pulse transmitted at One End
     Converted to Stress Wave
     Reconverted to Electrical Signal at Other End
     Travel Time through the Specimen
     Pulse Velocity = Length/Time
     Longitudinal & Shear Waves
     P-Wave Velocity Vp
     S-Wave Velocity Vs

    October 25, 2022 2


    Lab Ultrasonics Testing of Rocks

    Vp

    Vs

    October 25, 2022


    Transmitter Receiver

    Pulse Generator
    and Logger
    Pulse Velocity Test
    For Specimen with Diameter Small as compared to Length
    Rock assumed Elastic, Isotropic, Homogeneous

    Edyn  V p2
    Gdyn  Vs2
    2
    1  Vp 
     dyn     1
    2  Vs 

    October 25, 2022 5


    Field Test
    Stress waves generated by
    Striking a Sledgehammer against an outcrop or

    Explosive source

    Travel Time to Geophone recoded and Velocity computed.


    Portable Seismographs
    Another method is to record Travel
    V Time for a shock wave to
    travel between points in drill holes spaced 50-100 m.
    Rock is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic and linear
    elastic to obtain the elastic constants.

    October 25, 2022 6


    Field Sound Velocity Measurements
    Field Test
    Elastic Constants are determined from Velocities as

    E
    1  2 1   V 2
    p
    1 
    or E  2  (1   )Vs2

    G  Vs2 or Vs  G 

    

    V V  2
    p s
    2

    2V V   1
    2
    p s

    October 25, 2022 8


    Field Test
    Limitations:
    The stress loadings sent through the rock are small and
    transient.
    Most rock masses & rock specimens depart
    significantly from the ideal material assumptions.
    Consequently the dynamic elastic properties are
    considerably larger than those from static tests.
    This is particularly true in case of fractured rocks.
    Schneider (1967) determined the ratio of Edyn/Estatic up
    to 13 in fractured hard rocks.
    October 25, 2022 9
    Factors affecting Wave Velocity in Rocks
    1) Rock type: Velocity higher for more dense and compact rocks.
    2) Texture: Velocity related to velocity in various mineral
    components. Also affected by grain size. Velocity greater in
    fine grained rocks.
    3) Density: Velocity increases with density.
    4) Porosity: Velocity decreases with increase in porosity.
    5) Anisotropy: Velocity different in different directions. Velocity
    parallel to the layers is greater than that perpendicular to the
    layers.
    6) Stress: Velocity increases with increasing pressure.
    7) Water Content: P-wave velocity reduces, S-wave velocity not
    affected by water.
    8) Temperature: Velocity decreases with increase in temperature.

    October 25, 2022 10

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