Throwing and Catching Exceptions

13
Throwing and Catching Exceptions
Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Objectives
After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

the following:
• Explain the basic concepts of exception handling
• Write code to catch and handle exceptions
• Write code to throw exceptions
• Create your own exceptions
13-2 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

What Is an Exception?
An exception is an unexpected event.

Exception Handling in Java
1. A method throws an exception.

2. A handler catches the exception.
Exception object
Handler
for this
Yes exception? No

Advantages of Java Exceptions:
Separating Error-Handling Code
• In traditional programming, error handling often

makes code more confusing to read.
• Java separates the details of handling unexpected
errors from the main work of the program.
• The resulting code is clearer to read and, as a
result, less prone to bugs.

Passing Errors Up the Call Stack
Traditional error Java exceptions

handling
method1 Method1
//handle error Error //handle ex
code
method2 method2
Error Exception
code ex
method3 method3
Error
method4 code method4
Each method checks for method4 throws an
errors and returns an error exception; eventually
code to its calling method. method1 catches it.

Exceptions Cannot Be Ignored
Traditional error Java exceptions

handling
method1 method1
//handle error //handle ex
method2 method2
Exception
ex
method3 method3
Error
method4 code method4
If method3 ignores the The exception must be
error, it will never be caught and handled
handled. somewhere.

Checked Exceptions, Unchecked
Exceptions, and Errors
All errors and exceptions extend the Throwable class.
Throwable
Error Exception
Unrecoverable Checked
RuntimeException
errors exceptions
Unchecked (run-time)
exceptions

Handling Exceptions
Three choices:
• Catch the exception and handle it.
• Allow the exception to pass to the calling method.
• Catch the exception and throw a different
exception.

Catching and Handling Exceptions
• Enclose the method try {

call in a try block. // call the method
• Handle each }
exception in a catch catch (exception1) {
block. // handle exception1
• Perform any final }
processing in a catch (exception2) {
finally block. // handle exception2
}…
finally {
// any final processing
}

Catching a Single Exception
int qty;
String s = getQtyFromForm();
try {
// Might throw NumberFormatException
qty = Integer.parseInt(s);
}
catch ( NumberFormatException e ) {
// Handle the exception
}
// If no exceptions were thrown, we end up here

Catching Multiple Exceptions
try {
// Might throw MalformedURLException
URL u = new URL(str);
// Might throw IOException
URLConnection c = u.openConnection();
}
catch (MalformedURLException e) {
System.err.println("Could not open URL: " + e);
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Could not connect: " + e);
}

Cleaning Up with a finally Block
FileInputStream f = null;
try {
f = new FileInputStream(filePath);
while (f.read() != -1)
charcount++;
}
catch(IOException e) {
System.out.println("Error accessing file " + e);
}
finally {
// This block is always executed
f.close();
}

Guided Practice: Catching and
Handling Exceptions
void makeConnection(String url) {
try {
URL u = new URL(url);
}
catch (MalformedURLException e) {
System.out.println("Invalid URL: " + url);
return;
}
finally {
System.out.println("Finally block");
}
System.out.println("Exiting makeConnection");
}

Guided Practice: Catching and
Handling Exceptions
void myMethod () {
try {
getSomething();
} catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException e1) {
System.out.println("Caught IOBException ");
} catch (Exception e2) {
System.out.println("Caught Exception ");
} finally {
System.out.println("No more exceptions ");
}
System.out.println("Goodbye");
}

Allowing an Exception to Pass to the
Calling Method
• Use throws in the method declaration.

• The exception propagates to the calling method.
public int myMethod() throws exception1 {

// code that might throw exception1
}
public URL changeURL(URL oldURL)

throws MalformedURLException {
return new URL("http://www.oracle.com");
}

Throwing Exceptions
• Throw exceptions by using the throw keyword.

• Use throws in the method declaration.
throw new Exception1();
public String getValue(int index) throws

IndexOutOfBoundsException {
if (index < 0 || index >= values.length) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
…
}

Creating Exceptions
Extend the Exception class:

public class MyException extends Exception { … }
public class UserFileException extends Exception {

public UserFileException (String message) {
super(message);
}
}

Catching an Exception and Throwing a
Different Exception
catch (exception1 e) {
throw new exception2(…);
}
void readUserFile() throws UserFileException {

try {
// code to open and read userfile
}
catch(IOException e) {
throw new UserFileException(e.toString());
}
}

Summary
In this lesson, you should have learned how to do the

following:
• Use Java exceptions for robust error handling
• Handle exceptions by using try, catch, and
finally
• Use the throw keyword to throw an exception
• Use a method to declare an exception in its
signature to pass it up the call stack

Practice 13 Overview:
Throwing and Catching Exceptions
This practice covers the following topics:

• Creating a custom exception
• Changing DataMan finder methods to throw
exceptions
• Handling the exceptions when calling DataMan
finder methods
• Testing the changes to the code


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13

Throwing and Catching Exceptions

Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

After completing this lesson, you should be able to do

13-2 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

An exception is an unexpected event.

13-3 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

1. A method throws an exception.

13-4 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

• In traditional programming, error handling often

13-5 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Traditional error Java exceptions

13-7 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Traditional error Java exceptions

13-8 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

All errors and exceptions extend the Throwable class.

13-9 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

13-11 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

• Enclose the method try {

13-12 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

13-14 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

13-15 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

13-16 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

13-17 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

13-18 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

• Use throws in the method declaration.

public int myMethod() throws exception1 {

public URL changeURL(URL oldURL)

13-19 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

• Throw exceptions by using the throw keyword.

throw new Exception1();

public String getValue(int index) throws

13-20 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Extend the Exception class:

public class UserFileException extends Exception {

13-21 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

void readUserFile() throws UserFileException {

13-22 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

In this lesson, you should have learned how to do the

13-23 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

This practice covers the following topics:

13-24 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

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