Forensic 1 Lesson 3

Lesson 3: Sensitized
Materials
FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
What did you learn?
At the end of lesson the students will be able to :

• Identify the concepts, structure characteristic and types
of sensitized materials.
• Familiarized how does sensitized materials is the essential
part in photography.
What are the sensitized materials?
Refers to film and

photographic paper that
is basically composed of
emulsion containing silver
halides suspended in a
gelatin and coated on a
transparent or reflective
support.
What is film?
It s a strip or sheet of
transparent plastic film base
coated on one side with gelatin
emulsion containing
microscopically small light
sensitive crystals. The sizes and
other characteristics of the
crystals determine the
sensitivity, contrast and
resolution of the film.
What are the types of Film?
Black and White Film Colored Film

What is Black and White Film?
• Most modern black and

white films, called
panchromatic films,
record the entire visible
spectrum.
What are the parts of Black and White Film?
1. Emulsion 2. Base Gray or Anti-Halation

Is the light sensitive colloid . It is usually It is a transparent substrate which
Backing
coated onto a substrate of glass, films of acts as a support medium for the It is a layer found in most photographic films.
cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate or purpose medium for the It is usually a coating on the back of the film
polyester, paper or fabric. It is a fine photosensitive emulsion that lies a base, but sometimes it is incorporated
suspension of insoluble light sensitive top of it. between the light sensitive emulsion and the
crystals in a colloid soil. base.
Types of Black and White Film
There are number of black and white films

available for 35 mm film cameras and
medium format film cameras that can still
be found in stores. While there are also a
number of special films that require
unique processing, it would be best to
work with the basic black and white film
types and learn how the film works before
using these special films. The three (3)
major brand of black and white films
are Kodak, Ilford and Fuji
How Black and White Film Works?
The image on a black and white film is

negative is actually the inverse of the
actual image. That is to say, all the areas
that show clear on the negative will be
back on the print and all black areas of the
negative will show white. When printing
onto paper light is able to pass through the
clear areas of the negative resulting in
more light hitting the paper and leading to
a dark spot. Black areas of the negative are
the opposite, resulting in less light hitting
the paper to leave a white spot. Of course,
there are many shades of gray in between
depending on the density of the negative.
What are the characteristics of B&W Film?
1. Emulsion Speed- it is the measure of the photographic

film’s sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and
measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being
the ISO system.
What are the Emulsion Speed Indicators?
1.1 ASA 1.2. DIN 1.3. ISO

Otherwise known as American Means Deuthced Its literal meaning is
Standard Association, it is International Standards
expressed in arithmethical value Industri Normen, its
Organization, its rating is
in rating. Here are the ASA rating is expressed expressed in combined
ratings: 12, 25, 50, 100, 200, in logarithmic val. between arithmetical and
400,800 and 1600. in the
market, ASA 100 is commonly The following are logarithmic values. The
known as plus x double x for ASA DIN ratings 12, 15, DIN rating are as follows :
12/12, 25/15, 50/18
200 and Tri-X as for ASA 400. 18,21, 21, 24, 27, 30 100/21, 200/24, 400/27,
and 33. 800/30 and 1600/33.
ASA DIN ISO
2. Spectral Sensitivity- refers

on the sensitivity of the film
in the colors of light which is
illuminated in the object
being photographs.
What are the Classification of Film
According to Spectral Sensitivity?
2.1. Blue Sensitive

Film- This film is
sensitive to
ultraviolet rays and
Blue Light only.
2.2.
Orthochromatic
Film- This film is
the same sensitive
to ultraviolet rays
and Blue Light only.
2.3. Panchromatic
Film- the sensitivity
of this film is for
ultraviolet radiation
blue, green, and
red light or all
colors of light.
2.4. Infrared Film-

this film is sensitive
to ultraviolet rays,
to blue, green, red
light and infrared
rays.
3. Granuality or Graininess-
refers to the metallic silver
grains that are form after
development of an exposed
film.
What is Colored Film?
What are the parts of Color Film?
• Emulsion
• Base
• Anti-Halation Backing
• Yellow Filter
• Subbing Layer
• Ultraviolet Absorbing Layer
• Super coat
What are the types of Color Film?
1. Color Reversal Film- Commonly

called slide film or colored positive
film, creates the opposite of color
negative film or black and white
film. Instead of creating a negative
to be printed to a positive, the slide
film is a positive image. As such, the
slide film produces extremely rich
and vibrant colors that come closer
to the actual colors and tones
present during exposure.
What are the types of Color Film?
2. Colored Negative Film-it is also

known as color print film, is the
type of film usually found in stores.
It uses c -41 chemical for
processing, and you get the
negatives and prints from it
processed normally.
What is Photographic Paper?
Photographic Paper is a paper coated

with light sensitive chemical formula,
used for making photographic prints.
When photographic paper is exposed to
light it captures a latent image that is
then developed to form a visible image.
The light sensitive layer of the paper is
called emulsion.
What is Black and White Photographic
Paper?
All photographic papers consists of a

light sensitive emulsion consisting silver
halide salts suspended in the colloidal
material usually gelatin coated onto a
paper, resin coated paper or polyester
support.
What are the Characteristics of B&W
Photographic Paper? (Emulsion Speed)
Chloride Paper Bromide Paper Chlorobromide Paper

It is relatively slow It is fast printing It is a photographic paper
printing paper paper coated coated with sensitive
coated with an layer of a mixture of
emulsion of silver
with a emulsion silver bromide and silver
chloride used mostly of silver bromide chloride, giving a
for contact prints. used mostly for medium emulsion speed,
enlargements. used for contact printing.
Photographic Paper? (Latitude)
Development
Latitude Exposure Latitude Latitude
It is the degree or It is the extents to Papers that do not change
amount of which you which a light is appreciable in contrast and
can deviate from image tone with reasonable
sensitive material variation in development
ideal exposure or can be has good latitude. However,
development overexposed or the best quality the
without appreciable underexposed and developing time should be
loss of print quality. as near as those prescribed
still achieve an by the manufacturer.
acceptable result.
Photographic Paper? (Range or Grade)
Grade 0 and 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 to 5

Are used on over Is used on normal Are used in under
exposed or low exposed or exposed or high contrast
contrast negative normal contrast negative.
negative.
Photographic Paper? (Physical Characteristics)
Base Weight or
Surface thickness Color
Photographic papers Lightweight, May be cold or white
vary in surface single weight with very slight blue
texture or degrees cast and the warm or
gloss or sheen. They medium weight cream where the white
are the glossy and and double has a slight yellow
smooth, semi-matte weight brown line.
or silk, and the matte
or rough surface.

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Lesson 3: Sensitized

At the end of lesson the students will be able to :

Refers to film and

Black and White Film Colored Film

• Most modern black and

1. Emulsion 2. Base Gray or Anti-Halation

There are number of black and white films

The image on a black and white film is

1. Emulsion Speed- it is the measure of the photographic

1.1 ASA 1.2. DIN 1.3. ISO

2. Spectral Sensitivity- refers

2.1. Blue Sensitive

2.4. Infrared Film-

1. Color Reversal Film- Commonly

2. Colored Negative Film-it is also

Photographic Paper is a paper coated

All photographic papers consists of a

Chloride Paper Bromide Paper Chlorobromide Paper

Grade 0 and 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 to 5

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