Chapter 12

Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Objectives Overview
Discuss the special

Identify information
information
systems and software
requirements of an
used in the functional
enterprise-sized
units of an enterprise
corporation
Describe and list general

Describe and list types of
purpose and integrated
technologies used
information systems
throughout an
used throughout an
enterprise
enterprise
See Page 463 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 2
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 12
Objectives Overview
Describe Discuss the

virtualization, cloud computer hardware
computing, and grid needs and solutions
computing for an enterprise
Determine why
Discuss the steps in
computer backup is
a disaster recovery
important and how
plan
it is accomplished
See Page 463 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 3
for Detailed Objectives Chapter 12
What Is Enterprise Computing?
• Enterprise computing involves the use of computers in networks,
such as LANs and WANs, or a series of interconnected networks
that encompass a variety of different operating systems, protocols,
and network architectures
Pages 464 - 465 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 4

Figure 12-1 Chapter 12
• Types of enterprises include:
Retail Manufacturing Service
Wholesale Government Educational
Transportation
Page 466 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 5

Chapter 12
• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

hierarchical manner

• In an enterprise, users typically

Exe fall into one of
four categories: cuti
ve
Ma
nag
em
Middle
ent
Management
Operational Management
Nonmanagement Employees

• Enterprise information is the information

gathered in the ongoing operations of an
enterprise-sized organization
– Business intelligence
– Business process management
– Business process automation
Click to view Web Link,

click Chapter 12, Click Web
Link from left navigation,
then click Business Process
Management below Chapter 12
Chapter 12
• Managers coordinate resources by performing

four activities
Planning
Controlling Organizing
Leading

Chapter 12
Information Systems in the Enterprise
• An information system is a set of hardware,

software, data, people, and procedures that work
together to produce information

• Functional units within an enterprise might

include: Marketing
Manufacturing Sales
Engineering or
Product Distribution
Development
Human Customer
Resources Service
Accounting Information
and Finance Enterprise Technology

Chapter 12
• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

• Billing software helps the company reconcile purchases
with customer payments
• Financial software helps managers budget, forecast, and
analyze

• A human resources
information system (HRIS)
manages one or more
human resources functions
• Employee relationship
management systems
manage communication
between employees and
the business

then click ERM
below Chapter 12
• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

special software to aid in engineering, drafting, and
design
• Computer-aided engineering (CAE) uses computers to
test product designs
• Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of
computers to control production equipment

Chapter 12
• Computer-integrated
manufacturing (CIM) uses
computers to integrate
the many different
operations of the
manufacturing process
• Material Requirements
Planning (MRP) uses
software to help monitor
and control processes
related to production
A quality control system helps an

organization maintain or improve the
quality of its products or services
A marketing information system

serves as a central repository for the
tasks of a marketing department
Chapter 12
• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

traveling salespeople with the electronic tools
they need to be more productive

• Distribution systems perform the following

functions:
Provide forecasting Manage and track
for inventory shipping of
control products
Provide information
and analysis on
inventory in a
warehouse
Chapter 12
• Customer interaction management (CIM)

software manages the day-to-day interactions
with customers

Chapter 12
• The information technology (IT) department makes

technology decisions for the enterprise
– Whether to build or buy new information systems
– When a computer or information system has outlived its useful
live
• A chief information officer (CIO) is an executive position
that oversees the IT department

then click IT Departments
below Chapter 12
Chapter 12
• General purpose information systems generally

fall into one of five categories
Office Transaction Management
Information Processing Information
System System System
Decision
Support Expert System
System

Chapter 12
• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing

Management Information System Decision Support System
Pages 474 – 475 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 23

Figures 12-11 – 12-12 Chapter 12

Integrated Information Systems

Customer relationship
Enterprise resource
management manages Content management
planning provides
information about systems are
centralized, integrated
customers, information systems
software to help
interactions with that combine
manage and
customers, past databases, software,
coordinate ongoing
purchases, and and procedures
activities
interests

Chapter 12

then click ERP
below Chapter 12
Enterprise-Wide Technologies and
Methodologies
• Some technologies used in enterprises include:
Electronic
Data
Portals data
warehouses
interchange
Web
Extranets Workflow
services
Virtual
private
then click Data Centers
networks
below Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Video: A Tour of Lucasfilm Data Center
CLICK TO START
Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 28

Chapter 12
Methodologies
• A portal is a collection of links, content, and services
presented on a Web page that are interesting for a
particular job function

Methodologies
• A data warehouse is a huge database that stores
and manages the data required to analyze
historical and current transactions

Methodologies
EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer

of business data and information among
computers within and among enterprises
An extranet is the portion of a company’s network

that allows customers or suppliers of a company to
access parts of an enterprise’s intranet

Chapter 12
Methodologies
• Web services allow businesses to create products
and B2B interactions over the Internet

then click Web Services
below Chapter 12
Methodologies
• A workflow is a defined process that identifies the
specific set of steps involved in completing a
particular project or business process
– Workflow application

Chapter 12
Methodologies
• A virtual private network (VPN) provides mobile
users, vendors, and customers with a secure
connection to the company network server

Virtualization and Cloud Computing
• Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling

computing resources
Server • Provides the capability to divide a

physical server logically into many
virtualization virtual server
Storage • Provides the capability to create a

single logical storage device from many
virtualization physical storage devices
then click Virtualization
below Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is an
Internet service that
provides computing
needs to computer
users
Grid computing combines

many servers and/or personal
computers on a network to act
as one large computer

Chapter 12
E-Commerce

Enterprise Hardware
• Enterprise hardware allows large organizations to

manage and store information and data using
devices geared for:
– Heavy use
– Maximum availability
– Maximum efficiency
• RAID duplicates data and
implements duplication
in different ways
Enterprise Hardware
• Network attached storage (NAS) is a server that

provides storage to users and information systems
attached to the network

Figure 12-22a Chapter 12
Enterprise Hardware
• A storage area network (SAN) is a high-speed

network that provides storage to other servers to
which it is attached

then click NAS and SAN
below Chapter 12
Figure 12-22b Chapter 12
Enterprise Hardware
• An enterprise storage
system is a strategy that
focuses on the
availability, protection,
organization, and
backup of storage in a
company
• Goal is to consolidate
storage

Enterprise Hardware
• A blade server packs a

complete computer
server on a single card
(called a blade) rather
than a system unit
• The individual blades
insert in a blade server
chassis
then click Blade Servers
below Chapter 12
High Availability, Scalability,
and Interoperability
• A high-availability system continues running and
performing tasks for at least 99 percent of the
time
– May include hot-swapping
and redundant components
• When a component fails, another
component takes over and the
system continues to function

High Availability, Scalability,
and Interoperability
• Scalability is a measure • Interoperability is the
of how well computer ability for an
hardware, software, or information system to
an information system share information with
can grow to meet other information
increasing performance systems within an
demands enterprise

Chapter 12
Backup Procedures

Chapter 12
Backup Procedures
• A disaster recovery plan is a written plan describing the

steps a company would take to restore computer
operations in the event of a disaster
• Contains four major components
Emergency Backup Recovery

Test plan
plan plan plan

then click Disaster Recovery Plan
below Chapter 12
Chapter 12
Summary
Special computing
Various types of
requirements present Large information
users within an
in an enterprise-sized systems
organization
organization
Benefits of Backup procedures

Requirements for
virtualization and present in a large
enterprise hardware
cloud computing organization

Chapter 12
Discovering Computers
Fundamentals,
2011 Edition
Living in a Digital World
Chapter 12 Complete

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Discovering Computers

Discuss the special

Describe and list general

Describe Discuss the

Pages 464 - 465 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 4

• Types of enterprises include:

Retail Manufacturing Service

Wholesale Government Educational

Page 466 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 5

• Most traditional enterprises are organized in a

Page 466 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 6

• In an enterprise, users typically

Page 467 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 7

• Enterprise information is the information

Click to view Web Link,

• Managers coordinate resources by performing

Page 468 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 9

• An information system is a set of hardware,

Pages 468 - 469 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 10

• Functional units within an enterprise might

Page 469 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 11

• Accounting software manages everyday transactions

Page 470 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 12

Click to view Web Link,

• Computer-aided design (CAD) uses a computer and

Page 471 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 14

A quality control system helps an

A marketing information system

• Sales force automation (SFA) software equips

Page 472 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 17

• Distribution systems perform the following

• Customer interaction management (CIM)

Pages 472 - 473 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 19

• The information technology (IT) department makes

Click to view Web Link,

• General purpose information systems generally

Page 473 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 21

• Batch processing vs. online transaction processing

Page 474 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 22

Management Information System Decision Support System

Pages 474 – 475 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 23

Page 476 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 24

Integrated Information Systems

Pages 477 - 478 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 25

Click to view Web Link,

Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 28

Pages 479 - 480 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 29

Pages 480 - 481 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 30

EDI is a set of standards that controls the transfer

An extranet is the portion of a company’s network

Pages 480 - 481 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 31

Click to view Web Link,

Page 482 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 33

Pages 482 - 483 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 34

• Virtualization is the practice of sharing or pooling

Server • Provides the capability to divide a

Storage • Provides the capability to create a

Grid computing combines

Pages 483 - 484 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2011 Edition 36