MODULE 1 - A. Nail Structure

Diagnostic Test
Directions:
Answer each question. Choose
the letter of the correct answer
and write on the space before
each number.
Examine your own
fingernails. Check its
structure and analyze its
condition. What have you
observed?
Nail Structure
Nail Diseases
and Disorders
Objective:
1. Check and analyze the
condition of the client’s hand.
2. Identify the nail structure
beneath and surrounding.
3. Identify the different nail
diseases and disorders.
Nail Structure
Nail offers protection to the
toes and fingers. It is horny and
translucent at the same time,
formed mainly from keratin
which is a substantial protein
coming from all horny tissue.
The professional terminology
for nail is Onyx, and
Onychology is the body of
science that studies the nail.
The characteristics of healthy
nails are firm and flexible,
slightly pink in color and the
surface is smooth, curved and
unspotted, without any hollows
or wavy ridges.
Parts of the Nail:
1. Nail Body or Nail Plate -

visible portion of the nail
that is attached to the nail
bed.
2. Free edge - end portion
of the nail plate which
extends beyond the
fingertip. It is shaped
during manicure.
3.Nail root - beginning
of nail found at the base
and is embedded
underneath the skin.
Structures Beneath the Nail:
1. Nail Bed – the skin upon which
the nail body or nail plate rests. It
is supplied with many blood
vessels and nerves. The blood
vessels supply nourishment for
the nail.
2.Matrix – part of the nail bed which
contains nerves and blood vessels
and is located beneath the nail root. It
produces cells that generate and
harden the nail and will continue to
grow as long as it receives nutrition
and remains in a healthy condition.
3. Lunula – halfmoon
shape found at the base
of the nail where the
matrix connects with the
nail bed.
Structures Sorrounding the Nail:
1. Cuticle - the overlapping skin
around the nail. A normal cuticle
should be loose and pliable.
2. Eponychium - cuticle extension at
the base of the nail body which
partly overlaps the lunula
3. Hyponychium – portion of
the skin under the free edge of
the nail.
4. Nail Walls – folds of the skin
overlapping the sides of the
nail
5. Nail Grooves - are slits or tracks
in the skin at the side of the nail
upon which the nail moves as it
grows.
6. Mantle – deep fold of the skin in
which the nail root is embedded.
Nail Growth:
There are factors that can influence the growth of
nails such as nutrition, general health and disease.
A nail grows forward, starting at the matrix and
extending over the tip of the finger. Like hair, nails
grow faster in warm weather. Adult’s nail growth is
about 1/8 inch per month whereas the nails of the
children grow faster than those of the elderly.
Toenails grow slowly but they are thicker and harder
than fingernails.
Nail Diseases
and Disorders
Onychosis refers to any disease, disorder or
condition of the nails.
Pus is the yellowish fluid that oozes from
the wound. It is a sign of infection.
Fungi are plant organisms that live on dead,
decaying or living matter. Some fungi are
capable of causing serious infections but
some are harmful and beneficial.
A disease becomes contagious or
communicable when it spreads from one
person to another by direct or indirect
contact. Some of the common contagious
diseases are tuberculosis, common cold,
ringworm, scabies, head lice, and virus
infections. Coughing, sneezing, unclean
hands, eating utensils and salon equipment
play a role in spreading diseases.
Diseases that are not able to be spread
from person to person are considered
as non-contagious. Genetic diseases,
cancers, mental disorders,
autoimmune diseases and heart
disease are some of the many diseases
that aren't contagious.
Sterilization is the process whereby
microorganisms are destroyed. Equipment
and tools found in salon are needed to be
sterilized. Sanitizing or sanitation refers to
the physical or chemical means used to
keep the salon and its equipment as clean
and free of germs as possible in order to
protect the health of the public.

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Diagnostic Test

1. Nail Body or Nail Plate -

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