Social Change

Factors Causes Social,
Political, Cultural change

Pros and Cons of Inequality
Society may come to the perspective that unfair
behaviour is unacceptable or undesirable. The
impacts of political, social and cultural change
weigh advantages and disadvantages in dealing
such influences. When assessing whether
inequality is beneficial or not, it is important to
know the causes of inequality.
Pros and Cons of Inequality
Social change affect or characterize every aspect of
society across the world . Macros scale, shape all of our
major social institution (economics, politics, religion,
family, education, military, legal system and so on. Micro
scale, shape our values, attitudes, beliefs and
behaviours. In general, they influence our ways of life. In
the context that shapes the identity of an individual, also
becomes the source of the
constraints that may limit his/her potential to achieve an
aspired social desirable.
Social Change
It refers to any significant alteration
over time in behaviour patterns and
cultural values and norms. Today’s
sociologist readily acknowledge the
vital role that social movements play in
inspiring discontented members of a
society to bring about social change.
Social Change
It refers to any significant alteration
over time in behaviour patterns and
cultural values and norms. Today’s
sociologist readily acknowledge the
vital role that social movements play in
inspiring discontented members of a
society to bring about social change.
Factors of Social Change
1. Physical Environment
Human life is closely destined with the
geographical condition of a place. People
entirely depend on their environment, to
work, and even looking for food in
dealing everyday life situation.
2. Biological Factor
Demographic factor is concerned with the size and
structure of human population. Social structure of
a society is closely related with changes in the
size, composition and distribution of population.
Such changes can definitely lead to family conflict,
kinship, political relationship and other
institutions. Increase in population entirely affects
the economic which leads to poverty.
3. Cultural Factor
It is a fact that there is a connection between our
beliefs and social institutions, our values and
social relationships. Values, beliefs, ideas are the
basic
elements of a culture. All cultural changes involve
social change. Thus, any change in the culture
brings a corresponding change in the whole social
order.
4. Ideational Factor
Among the cultural factors affecting social
change in modern times, the development of
science thought have contributed a lot to
the development of modern outlook. We no
longer obey many customs or habits purely
because they have the age-old tradition.
5. Economic Factor
Of economic influences, the most far-
reaching is the impact of
industrialisation. Modern industrial
promotes the constant revision of the
technology of production, a
process into which science is
increasingly drawn
6. Political Factor
State is the most powerful organization which
regulates the social relationships. It has the
power to legislate new laws, repeal old ones to
bring social change in the society. In many
societies the political leadership control the
economy. Scientific-technological and non-
technological change are also dependent on
political development which indirectly affects
social change.
6. Political Factor
State is the most powerful organization which
regulates the social relationships. It has the
power to legislate new laws, repeal old ones to
bring social change in the society. In many
societies the political leadership control the
economy. Scientific-technological and non-
technological change are also dependent on
political development which indirectly affects
social change.
Social Conflict: War and Protest
Change also results from social conflict,
including wars, ethnic conflict, efforts by social
movements to change society, and efforts by
their opponents to
maintain the status quo. The immediate impact
that wars have on societies is obvious, as the
deaths of countless numbers of soldiers and
civilians over the ages have affected not only the
lives of their loved ones but also the course of
whole
nations.
Features of Societies and
Global Community
Sociologists have define society with two
angles:
1. Abstract terms, network relationship
between people or between groups.
2. Concrete terms, as a collection of
people or an organization of persons
Features of Societies and
Global Community
Talcott Parson wrote: “Society
may be regarded as the most
general term referring to the
whole complex of relations of
man to his fellows.”
Characteristics of Society
1. Society is abstract
If society is viewed as web of social
relationship, it is distinct from
physical
entity which we can see and perceive
through senses. Social relationships
are
invisible and abstract. We can just
realize them but cannot see or touch
them. Therefore, society is abstract.
2. Likeness and difference in society
If people are all exactly alike, merely alike, their
relationship would be limited. If all men,
thought alike, felt alike, and acted alike, if they
had the same standards and same interests, if
they all accepted the same customs and
echoed the same opinions without questioning
and without variation, civilization could never
have advanced and culture would have
remained simple. Thus, society needs
difference also for its existence and
continuance.
3. Cooperation and conflict in society
Cooperation and conflicts are universal
elements in human life. Society is based
on cooperation but because of internal
differences, there is conflict also among
its members. If there is no conflict, even
in small measure, society may become
stagnant and people may become inert
and inactive.
4. Society is a process and not a product
Society exists only as a time
sequence. It is becoming, not a being;
a process
and not a product (Maclver and Page,
1956). In other words , as soon as the
process ceases, the product
disappears.
5. Society as a system of stratification
Society provides a system of
stratification of statuses and classes
that each individual has a relatively
stable and recognisable position in
the social structure.
6. Interdependence
Society implies interdependence. It is
not possible for human being to
satisfy
his desire in isolation. He cannot live
alone. Society fulfil all the needs of
the
people.
Reducing Social Inequality
To reduce inequality, we must
understand its causes and
consequences, which can be
complex and deeply rooted in social,
economic, political and environmental
system and resources.

Social Change

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Factors Causes Social,

Political, Cultural change

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