Chem Rohan

INTRODUCTION
Metals and alloys undergo rusting and corrosion.

The process by which some metals when exposed
to atmospheric conditions I.e, moist air, carbon
dioxide from undesirable compounds on the
surface is known as corrosion. The formed are
usually oxides. Rusting is also a type of corrosion
but the term is restricted to iron or products made
from it. Iron is easily prone to rusting making its
surface rough Chemically, rust is a hydrated
ferric oxides Fe,0,.nH₂o.
Rusting may be explained by an electrochemical
mechanism. In the presence of moist air
containing dissolved oxygen or carbon dioxide,
the commercial iron behaves as if composed of
small electrical cell. At anode of cell, iron passes
into solution as ferrous ion.

The electrons from the above reactions
move towards the cathode and form
hydroxyl ions.
Under the influence of dissolved oxygen

the ferrous ions and hydroxyl ions
interact to form rust, i.e hydrated ferric
oxide.
If supply of oxygen is limited the

corrosion product may be black
anhydrous magnetite,Fe3O4.
METHODS OF PREVENTING OF
CORROSION AND RUSTING
Some of the methods used to prevent

corrosion and rusting are discussed
here:-
 Barrier protection:- In this method,
a barrier film is introduced and
atmospheric air. The film is obtained
by painting varnishing etc.
 GALVANIZATION:- The metallic
iron is covered by a layer of more
active metals such as zinc. The active
metal losses electrons in preference
Ce to iron.
Thus, protecting iron from rusting

and corrosion.
RUSTING
Rusting of iron is the most common type of corrosion. Iron
when exposed to moist air (air containing large quantity of
water vapour) gets covered with a layer of brown
powdered material. Fome formation of brown powdered
material on the surface of iron in the presence of moist air
is called rusting of iron. Rust mainly consists of hydrated
ferric oxide (Fe2O3.xH2O). The reaction which describe
rusting of iron is-
Iron, oxygen , water from air hydrated ferric

oxide(rust).rust is soft porous and powedered
substance .It falls off from the surface of iron off its
own. This expose the lower layer of air the
atmosphere. As a result, the rusting continues and
gradually the iron losses its strength. Iron does not
rust in dry air. Iron needs oxygen and water for
rusting. The following factors accelerate the rusting of
iron-
1.The presence of gases:- Such as Co₂, oxide of
sulphur (SO2, SO3) and oxide of nitrogen (NO,
NO2) in air increases the rate of rusting of iron.
2.The presence of electrolytes:- Such as sodium
Chloride in water increases the rate of rusting. It is
because of this reason that iron rust faster in sea
water than is distilled water.
3. Presence of impurities of less true metals:- In
case of iron increase the rate of rusting.
METAL CORROSION AND THE
RUSTING OF IRON
Iron(or steel) corrodes more quickly
than more other transition metals
and readily does show only in the
presence of O2 and H2O to form
an FeO2 Rusting of iron is
speeded up in the presence NaCl
and acid solution because of an
increase concentration of ions.
Corrosion is a redox process
involving redox electron transfer
an ion movements. The rusting
behave like a simple cell and more
ions enable the current hence the
electron transfer occur more
readily.
Chemically the rusting of iron
over all is:-
Iron + oxygen + water→ Hydrated iron oxide(rust)
X is a variable amount of water-extent of hydration it
can be very dry rust or very soggy rust that is rust is
an orange-brown solid hydrated iron oxide formed
from the reaction with O, and H₂O (the equation
does not mean to be balanced) and amount of water
x is variable from dry to soggy.
Rusting is an oxidation:- Because
 It involve iron gaining oxygen.
 Items of iron losing electron.
RUST PREVENTION
Iron and steel (alloy of iron) are most easily
protected by paint which provide a physical varier
b/w the metal and air and water in the atmosphere
or in content with water containing dissolved
oxygen.
ALUMINIUM CORROSION
Aluminium does not oxidised as quickly as its reactivity
would suggest.
1) Once a thin oxide layer of Al2O3 has formed on the
surface it formed varier of oxygen and water and so
prevent further corrosion of aluminium.
2) Al2O3 layer does not like rust does formed iron or
steel exposing more Al, to corrosion.
3) Air is useful structural metal. It can be made harder,
stronger and steeter by mixing it with a small
amount of other metal example: Mg to make alloy.
PROCESS OF RUSTING OF IRON
Rusting of iron occurs and the process of rusting
described the condition under which of iron occurs
and explain the process of rusting:-
 Corrosion: The degradation of metal so that it
losses strength and becomes unable to fulfill its
intended purpose.
 Iron will rust when it is in contact both O2 and
H2O
 Rusting is faster it the H₂O involve containand
electrolyte either an acid or a dissolve salt.
 The rusting is accelerated it the iron is impure. And
in contact with less active metals.
 Under mechanical stress. In the process of rusting
of iron. The iron is anode and is oxidized to:
 The reduction O, occurs at the cathode:-
 Electron move from the anode to the cathode

through the iron.
 The anode and the cathode may be separarted by
some distance.
 Insoluble iron hydroxide is formed and the iron
ions are further oxidised to produce d hydrated
feo2 or rust.
EFFECT OF CORROSION OR
RUSTING OF IRON
 Corrosion is the gradual distruction of
material(usually metal) by chemical reaction with
their environment. Corrosion is the serious problem
of some metal like Fe, Zn, Al, alloys like brass
which are commonly used today life. Basically, this
means electrochemical oxidation of metal in
reaction, with an oxidation such as oxygen. Rusting
the formation of FeO2 is a well- known. Example-
electrochemical corrosion. This type of damage
typically produce oxidised or salt.Corrosion can
also occur in material other than metals such as
ceramics or polymers although in this context the
term degradation is more common. Corrosion
degragdades the useful properties of material and
including strength, appearance and permeability to
liquid and gases.There are various ways of
protecting metal from corrosion including painting,
hot, dip. Galvanizing and combination of these. Any
corrosion product of gold and platinum tend to
decompose spontaneously into pure metal which is
these elements can be found in metallic form on
earth and have long been valued, More common
base metal if can only be protected by more
temporary means.
Experiment:-1
AIM:-
To study the effect of metal coupling on rustingof iron.
REQUIREMENTS:-
Two petridishes, four test tubes, four iron nails,
beaker, sand paper, wire gauge, giletin, copper, zinc
and magnesium strips, potassium ferricynite
solution, phenolphthalein.
PROCEDURE:-
i. Clean the surface of iron nails with the help of sand
paper. Wash them with carbon tetrachloride and
dry on filter paper.
ii. Wind a clean Zn strip around one nail, a lean
copper wire around the second and clean
magnesium strip around the third nail. Put all these
three and a fourth nail petridishes so that they are
not in contact with each other.
iii. Preparation of agar-agar solution-> Heat about of
agar-Dagar in 100mL of water taken in a beaker
until solution becomes clear. Add about 1 mL of 0.1
M potassium ferri-cyanide solution. 1mL of
phenolphthalein solution and stir well the contents.
iv. Fill the petridishes with lot agar solution in such a
way that only lower half of nails are covered with
the liquid.
v. Keep the covered petridishes for one day or so.
vi. The liquid sets to a gel on cooling. Two types of patches
are observed around the rusted nails, one is blue and
other pink
CONCLUSION
 Itis clear from that coupling
of iron with more
electropositive metal such as
Zn and Mg resists corrosion
and rusting of iron. Coupling
of iron with less
electropositive metal such as
copper increases rusting.

Chem Rohan

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Chem Rohan

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INTRODUCTION

Metals and alloys undergo rusting and corrosion.

Under the influence of dissolved oxygen

If supply of oxygen is limited the

Some of the methods used to prevent

Thus, protecting iron from rusting

Iron, oxygen , water from air hydrated ferric

 Items of iron losing electron.

 The reduction O, occurs at the cathode:-

 Electron move from the anode to the cathode

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