SPEECH WRITING PROCESS

What is Speech?

 thefaculty or power of speaking; oral

communication; ability to express one's
thoughts and emotions by speech sounds
and gesture
SPEECH WRITING PROCESS
SPEECH WRITING

 Isthe method of conveying a thought or

message to a reader using the correct
punctuation and expression.
 Speech writing isn't much different from any
other form of narrative writing. However, there
are some different punctuation and writing
structure techniques that students should
understand.
COMPONENTS OF SPEECH WRITING
PROCESS

1. AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
2. LOGICAL OR TOPICAL PATTERN
3. CHRONOLOGICAL OR TIME-SEQUENCE
PATTERN
4. SPATIAL OR GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERN
5. CAUSAL OR CAUSE-AND-EFFECT PATTERN
6. PROBLEM-SOLUTION PATTERN
 AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
 entailslooking into the profile of your target audience. This is
done so you can tailor-fit your speech content and delivery to
your audience. The profile includes the following information.
 • demography (age range, male-female ratio, educational background and
affiliations or degree program taken, nationality, economic status,
academic or corporate designations)
 • situation (time, venue, occasion, and size)
 • psychology (values, beliefs, attitudes, preferences, cultural and racial
ideologies, and needs)
POINTS TO REMEMBER

 Knowing your audience —their general age, gender,

education level, religion, language, culture, and group
membership—is the single most important aspect of
developing your speech.
 Analyzing your audience will help you discover information that you
can use to build common ground between you and the members of
your audience.
 A key characteristic in public speaking situations is the unequal
distribution of speaking time between the speaker and the audience.
This means that the speaker talks more, and the audience listens,
often without asking questions or responding with any feedback.
SAMPLE AUDIENCE ANALYSIS
 LOGICAL OR TOPICAL PATTERN

 Ifyou are giving a speech or presentation that contains several ideas that
are interrelated in such a way that one flows naturally to the next, the
logical pattern of organization can be used. As the name implies, you'll
be organizing the information in a logical manner according to topic.
This organizational pattern can also be used in a speech that discusses
several sub-topics under the banner of a primary topic – just attack
them all in a logical sequence.
 CHRONOLOGICAL OR TIME-SEQUENCE
PATTERN
 When information in a speech follows a chronological
sequence, then the information should likewise be organized
chronologically. For example, a speech on the development of
a new technology should begin with its origin, then continue
along the same timeline as events occurred. This
organizational pattern is typically used in any speech
addressing a subject from an historical perspective.
 SPATIAL OR GEOGRAPHICAL PATTERN

 Ifyou wish to evoke an image of something that has various

parts, and those parts are distinguished by geography, then
organize your speech using a spatial pattern. Spatial
patterns are suited for speeches about a country or city, or
even a building or organization, provided that the
organization occupies a specific geographical location, such
as a hospital or university.
 CAUSAL OR CAUSE-AND-EFFECT
PATTERN
 Another way of organizing a speech on a particular topic is to look
at the subject in terms of cause and effect. For example, a speech
about providing foreign aid to victims of a natural disaster in
another country would discuss the disaster itself (the cause) and the
impact the disaster had on the nation's people (the effect). In this
example, a further effect would be found in discussing the details of
how foreign aid can help the victims.
 PROBLEM-SOLUTION PATTERN
 The problem-solution organizational pattern is similar to the cause-
and effect pattern but is typically used when the speaker is trying to
persuade the audience to take a particular viewpoint. In essence, the
speaker introduces a problem, and then outlines how this problem can
be solved. For example, a speech on leaving a smaller carbon footprint
could begin by detailing the problems associated with climate change.
These points could then be followed by information on how these
problems have been or are being addressed, with a summation
indicating a plan of action the audience can take.
 Determining the purpose of the speech

 a. An informative speech provides the audience with a clear

 understanding of the concept or idea presented by the speaker.
 b. An entertainment speech provides the audience with amusement.
 c. A persuasive speech provides the audience with well-argued ideas
 that can influence their own beliefs and decisions.
 Selecting and Narrowing a Topic

 The topic is your focal point of your speech, which can be

determined once you have decided on your purpose. If you are free
to decide on a topic, choose one that really interests you. There are
a variety of strategies used in selecting a topic, such as using your
personal experiences, discussing with your family members or
friends, free writing, listing, asking questions, or semantic
webbing.
 Narrowing down a topic means making your main idea more
specific and focused. The strategies in selecting a topic can also be
used when you narrow down a topic. In the example below,
“Defining and developing effective money management skills of
Grade 11 students” is the specific topic out of a general one, which
is “Effective money management.”
 Data Gathering

 isthe stage where you collect ideas, information, sources, and

references relevant or related to your specific topic. This can be
done by visiting the library, browsing the web, observing a
certain phenomenon or event related to your topic, or conducting
an interview or survey. The data that you will gather will be very
useful in making your speech informative, entertaining, or
persuasive.
 Selecting a Writing Pattern

 Writing patterns, in general, are structures that will help you organize the
ideas related to your topic.
 Examples are biographical, categorical/topical, causal, chronological,
comparison/contrast, problem-solution, and spatial.
Preparing an Outline

 An outline helps you see that all the ideas are in line with your
main idea or message. The elements of an outline include
introduction, body, and conclusion.
 Write your outline based on how you want your ideas to develop.
Preparing an outline is important because it forms the foundation
of the student’s speech, and keeps the speech coherent and
cohesive.
Table Format
List Format
 Creating the Body of the Speech

 The body of the speech provides explanations, examples, or any details that can help you deliver
your purpose and explain the main idea of your speech. One major consideration in developing
the body of your speech is the focus or central idea. The body of your speech should only have
one central idea.

The following are some strategies to highlight your main idea.

a. Present real-life or practical examples
b. Show statistics
c. Present comparisons
d. Share ideas from the experts or practitioners
 Preparing the Introduction

The introduction is the foundation of your speech. Here, your primary goal is to get the attention of your
audience and present the subject or main idea of your speech. Your first few words should do so.

The following are some strategies.

a. Use a real-life experience and connect that experience to your subject.
b. Use practical examples and explain their connection to your subject.
c. Start with a familiar or strong quote and then explain what it means.
d. Use facts or statistics and highlight their importance to your subject.
e. Tell a personal story to illustrate your point.
 Preparing the Conclusion

The conclusion restates the main idea of your speech. Furthermore, it provides a summary, emphasizes the
message, and calls for action. While the primary goal of the introduction is to get the attention of your
audience, the conclusion aims to leave the audience with a memorable statement.

The following are some strategies.

a. Begin your conclusion with a restatement of your message.
b. Use positive examples, encouraging words, or memorable lines from songs or
stories familiar to your audience.
c. Ask a question or series of questions that can make your audience reflect or
ponder
Editing/ Revising

Editing/Revising your written speech involves correcting

errors in mechanics, such as grammar, punctuation,
capitalization, unity, coherence, and others. Use the
following guide questions and statements when editing
your work.
 a. Edit for focus

- “So, what’s the point? What’s the message of the speech?”

- Ensure that everything you have written, from introduction to
conclusion, is related to your central message.
 b. Edit for clarity

- “The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept talking
endlessly as if no one was listening to him/her.”
- Keep your speech short, simple, and clear by eliminating
unrelated stories and sentences and by using simple words.
 c. Edit for concision

- “I don’t understand the message because the examples or

supporting details were confusing.”
- Make all ideas in your speech clear by arranging them in logical
order (e.g., main idea first then supporting details, or supporting
details first then main idea).
 c. Edit for concision

- “I don’t understand the message because the examples or

supporting details were confusing.”
- Make all ideas in your speech clear by arranging them in logical
order (e.g., main idea first then supporting details, or supporting
details first then main idea).
 d. Edit for continuity

- “The speech was too difficult to follow; I was lost in the middle.”
- Keep the flow of your presentation smooth by adding transition
words and phrases.
 e. Edit for variety

e. Edit for variety

- “I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.”
- Add spice to your speech by shifting tone and style from formal to
conversational and vice-versa, moving around the stage, or adding
humor.
 f. Edit for impact and beauty

- “There’s nothing really special about the speech.”

- Make your speech memorable by using these strategies: surprise
the audience, use vivid descriptive images, write well-crafted and
memorable lines, and use figures of speech
 Rehearsing

Rehearsing gives you an opportunity to identify what works and

what does not work for you and for your target audience. Some
strategies include reading your speech aloud, recording for your
own analysis or for your peers or coaches to give feedback on your
delivery. The best thing to remember at this stage is: “Constant
practice makes perfect.”
 Some Guidelines in Speech Writing

1. Keep your words short and simple. Your speech is meant to be heard by your
audience, not read.
2. Avoid jargon, acronyms, or technical words because they can confuse your
audience.
3. Make your speech more personal. Use the personal pronoun “I,” but take care
not to overuse it. When you need to emphasize collectiveness with your
audience, use the personal pronoun “we.”
4. Use active verbs and contractions because they add to the personal and
conversational tone of your speech.
5. Be sensitive of your audience. Be very careful with your language, jokes, and
nonverbal cues.
6. Use metaphors and other figures of speech to effectively convey your point.
7. Manage your time well; make sure that the speech falls under the time limit.