Verb Tebse Sequence

VERB TENSE
SEQUENCE
Present Infinitive
vs.
Perfect Infinitive Sequence
Use the present infinitive
(to go, to see, etc.)
to express action that occurs at the
same time as that of the main verb.
I’m calling to ask about your dad.

Use the perfect infinitive
(to have gone, to have seen)
to express action that occurs
before the main verb.
I’m glad to have spoken with you.

We are all hoping to have gone next week.
We are all hoping to go next week.

They were relieved to finish the test.
They were relieved to have finished the test.

EXAMPLES
1.They have a truckload of tomatoes to sell.
2.The Lord wants us to hope in Him.
3.Jessica is elated to have listened to the
orchestra.
4.She’s happy to have found a new job.
Let’s Practice
1. The rain continued (fall)______ heavily.
2. I’m thankful (study)______ at that school.
3. I’m glad (find)____ my soulmate.
4. She claims (meet)____ a number of famous

people.
5. The prisoners attempted (escape)_____.

1. The rain continued to fall heavily.
2. I’m thankful to have studied at that school.
3. I’m glad to to have found my soulmate.
4. She claims to have met a number of famous

people.
5. The prisoners attempted to escape.

Present Participle
vs.
Perfect Participle
Sequence
Use the PRESENT PARTICIPLE
to express action that occurs at the
same time as that of the
main verb.
Walking alone in the dark, I stumbled.

Use the PERFECT PARTICIPLE
to express action that occurs before
that of the main verb.
Having studied hard, I was ready for the test.

EXAMPLES
1. My mother is next to the lady wearing a red

hat.
2. Don’t waste time playing computer games.
3. Having finished his work, Harry was ready to
play.
4. The child, having found his mother, was again
happy.
Let’s Practice
1. The beggar shambled down the steps,
(grumble)_____.
2. (Reach)________ for the flower, I lost my
balance.
3. (be interrupted)______ several times, he was
rather annoyed.
4. (Live)_____ in Oxford for two years, the letter
was signed by the boss.
5. _____(Arrive) at the station, we called for a taxi.
1. The beggar shambled down the step grumbling.
2. Reaching for the flower, I lost my balance.
3. Having been interrupted several times, he was rather
annoyed.
4. Having lived in Oxford for two years, she spoke English
like a native speaker.
5. Having arrived at the station, we called for a taxi.
Choose the verb that
shows logical relationship
with the main verb.
After I
(toured, had toured) England, I
departed to continue my travels in
France.
After I
(toured, had toured) England, I
departed to continue my travels in
France.
(Having learned, Learning) Latin
in school, I could read the
inscriptions I saw in Rome.
(Having learned, Learning) Latin
in school, I could read the
inscriptions I saw in Rome.
Jonathan and Michael were happy (to
finish, to have finished) their exams
early.
After I
(had purchased, purchased) my
ticket, I entered the main exhibit
hall.
After I
(had purchased, purchased) my
ticket, I entered the main exhibit
hall.
Both girls,
(talking, having talked ) excitedly ,
did not see the car approaching.
Both girls,
(talking, having talked ) excitedly ,
did not see the car approaching.
Answer Exercise B
in your grammar
book.
1. Alex (finish)____ the test before Tom asked to see it.
2. They (live)____ in France for 10 years before they
moved home.
3. Susan (work)____ as an assistant manager for five
years before she was promoted.
4. If the doctor_____ (come) a little earlier the patient
would have not died.
5. If she (tell)_____ the truth, her mother would have not
spanked her.
6. God wants us (to depend, to have depend)____ in Him
at all times.
7. I am happy _____(to complete, to have completed) my
project before the deadline.
8. We should learn how _____(to love, to have loved) our
enemies.
9. She was relieved_____ (to complete, to have
completed) her Christmas shopping before the holiday
rush.
10. Don’t spend your youth (wasting , having wasted )
___ your time on frivolous things.
11,(Improving, Having improved_____ her English
Pia’s promotion prospects were much better.

10. Don’t spend your youth wasting your time on
frivolous things.
11.Having improved her English, Pia’s promotion
prospects were much better.
1. Alex had finished the test before Tom asked to see it.
2. They had lived in France for 10 years before they moved
home.
3. Susan had worked as an assistant manager for five years
before she was promoted.
4. If the doctor had come a little earlier the patient would have
not died.
5. If she had told the truth, her mother would have not spanked
her.
6. God wants us to depend in Him at all times.
7. I am happy to have completed my project before the deadline.
8. We should learn how to love to have our enemies.
9. She was relieved to have completed her Christmas shopping
before the holiday rush.
10. Don’t spend your youth wasting your time on frivolous
things.
11.Having improved her English, Pia’s promotion prospects
were much better.
_____1. Juana insisted that she (A. had seen, B. saw) the comet early
this morning.
_____2. When we received the telegram, we telephoned right away, but

we learned that Michael (A. had already left, B. left).
_____3. The boys saw a strange shadow moving toward them, and
suddenly they all (A. lost, B. had lost) their voices.
_____4. Jim announced that he (A. decided, B. had decided) not to enter
the tournament.
_____5. When the teacher began distributing the papers, Greg wished
that he (A. had studied, B. studied) a little more faithfully.
(1. A. Perfecting B. Having perfected) the new product, the
chemists asked the boss to conduct some market research.

(2. A. Peering B. Having peered) at each interview subject, the
researchers checked for discoloration.
One interview subject shrieked upon (3. A. hearing B. having

heard) the interviewer’s comment about “teeth as yellow as
sunflowers.”
(4. A. Refusing B. Having refused) to open her mouth, she glared

silently at the interviewer.
With the market research on Green Teeth (5. A. completed B. having
been completed), the team tabulated the results.
The tooth whitener (6. A. going B. having gone) into production, no

further market research is scheduled.
The researchers actually wanted (7. A. to interview B. to have

interviewed) 50 percent more subjects after Green Teeth’s debut, but
the legal department objected.

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VERB TENSE

I’m calling to ask about your dad.

I’m glad to have spoken with you.

We are all hoping to go next week.

They were relieved to have finished the test.

2. I’m thankful (study)______ at that school.

3. I’m glad (find)____ my soulmate.

4. She claims (meet)____ a number of famous

5. The prisoners attempted (escape)_____.

2. I’m thankful to have studied at that school.

3. I’m glad to to have found my soulmate.

4. She claims to have met a number of famous

5. The prisoners attempted to escape.

Walking alone in the dark, I stumbled.

Having studied hard, I was ready for the test.

1. My mother is next to the lady wearing a red

_____2. When we received the telegram, we telephoned right away, but

One interview subject shrieked upon (3. A. hearing B. having

(4. A. Refusing B. Having refused) to open her mouth, she glared

The tooth whitener (6. A. going B. having gone) into production, no

The researchers actually wanted (7. A. to interview B. to have

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