Meeting 3 IPS - IntegratedEnglish - Pergunu

Meeting 3
IPS
Integrated English
By. Hidayat, M.Pd.

Sentence Structure
A sentence is a group of words that contains at least one subject and one verb. A
sentence expresses a complete thought.
There are four kinds of sentences in English:
1. simple sentences,
2. compound sentences,
3. complex sentences, and
4. compound-complex sentences.
First, we will learn about simple sentence.

Simple Sentences, Example: I study English
Compound Sentences, is made up of two independent clauses joined by a coordinating
conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, or so) and a comma or by a semicolon alone.
Example: The pirate captain lost her treasure map, but he still found the buried treasure.
Complex Sentences, combines a dependent clause with an independent clause. When
the dependent clause is placed before the independent clause, the two clauses are
divided by a comma; otherwise, no punctuation is necessary.
Example: Because the soup was too cold, I warmed it in the microwave
Compound-complex Sentences, is comprised of at least two independent clauses and
one or more dependent clauses.
Example: Though Jemy prefers watching romantic films, he rented the latest spy
thriller, and he enjoyed it very much.
Example: Suci Ayuni forgot her friend's birthday, so she sent her a card when she
finally remembered.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence has one subject and one verb. The subject tells who or what did
something. The verb tells the action (or condition).
These are simple sentences:
Subject Verb
I study.
I study and work.
My head hurts.
My head and neck hurt.
It is raining.
The students are reading
Simple Sentence with Complement
A sentence may also have a complement. The complement completes the meaning of
the verb or adds more information to the sentence. There are many types of
complements. A complement in a simple sentence may be a noun, pronoun, adjective,
or adverb
Subject Verb Complement

I study English (noun)
I don’t understand you (pronoun)
His girlfriend is smart (adjective)
It isn’t raining now (adverb)
Adverb (time, place, manner)
Time : now, tomorrow; place : at the zoo, in the park ; manner : quickly, fastly, slowly
A complement with a noun phrase, a verb phrase,
or a prepositional phrase

My father owns his own business. (noun phrase)
My girlfriend wants to get married (verb phrase)
The studentsare reading in the library (prepositional phrase)
A complement with combination of a noun
phrase + verb phrase + prepositional
phrase

I study English at Greenhills College. (noun + prepositional phrase)
She wants to get married soon. (verb phrase + adverb)
A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and
ends with a pronoun, noun, or noun phrases.
Prepositional phrases express time, place, possession, and some other
things. A prepositional phrase usually tells where, when, how, why, or
whose.
from Mexico City of my sister
on January 1 around the room
by bus because of the weather
after her at himself
in the morning for myself
A prepositional phrase may come after the subject of a sentence, but it is not part of
the subject. Therefore, you should ignore it most of the time when you are trying to
decide which verb form to use.
Prepositional phrase after subject:

One (of my brothers) is a musician
Neither (of my parents) is living.
Much (of my time) is spent in the library.
Each (of my brothers) wants his own car.
Either (of my sisters) is able to baby-sit for you tonight.
Both (of my parents) are teachers.

Several (of the teachers) speak my language.
Some (of the money) was missing, (singular)

Some (of the students) were missing, (plural)
All (of my time) is spent in the library, (singular)

All (of my brothers) are singers, (plural)
• Most (of the ice) was melted, (singular)
• Most (of the ice cubes) were melted, (plural)
• A lot (of the work) was too easy. (singular)

• A lot (of the people) were angry, (plural)
• None (of the fruit) is fresh, (singular)

• None (of the apples) are fresh, (plural)
Underline the subjects, verbs, and complements in the following sentences and write S, V or C above them. Also
put parentheses ( ) around prepositional phrase.
1. My name is Roberto Sanchez
S V C
2. I was born (on September 21, 1978) (in the city, Puerto Rico) (of San
SV
Juan)
3. I am a student (at Greenhills College) (in Boston, Massachusetts)
S V C
4. Some (of my classes) are difficult.
S V C
5. Some (of the homework) is boring.
S V C
Compound-Complex Sentence
• Kate doesn’t like cartoons because they are loud, so she doesn’t watch them.
• The dog started barking so the cat ran away and I couldn’t keep up, so I stopped.
• Even though she was tired, Abby knew she had to finish the race and she ran to meet her team.
• Usually I take a walk every day while the sun sets, but it was raining today.
• Usually I take a walk every day while the sun sets, but it was raining today.
• She likes to sleep in but she can get up early if she has work.

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Meeting 3

By. Hidayat, M.Pd.

First, we will learn about simple sentence.

These are simple sentences:

Subject Verb Complement

Subject Verb Complement

Subject Verb Complement

Prepositional phrase after subject:

Both (of my parents) are teachers.

Some (of the money) was missing, (singular)

All (of my time) is spent in the library, (singular)

• A lot (of the work) was too easy. (singular)

• None (of the fruit) is fresh, (singular)

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