Malnutrition, Micronutrient Deficiencies

Malnutrition
,
Micronutrie
nt
Deficiencies
and Eating
Disorders
Health 7 Lesson
3
Malnutrit
ion
• . A condition of a person who is
not getting enough or right food.
• It is the largest single contributor

to disease in the world
• Malnutrition also leads to

reduced physical and mental
development during childhood
Disease and
malnutritio
n are
closely
related.
A disease is the result
of malnutrition and
sometimes due
to a contributing cause.
3. Sluggishness
and fatigue
1. Slow growth
and development
Effects of
Malnutritio
n
2. Poor school 4. Poor
performance nutrition in
adulthood
2 Types of
Malnutrition
Over
Nutrition
It happens when a
person eats and gets
nutritional
requirement beyond
the needed and
ideal amount.
Over
Nutrition
 Obesity
 Diabetes
 High Blood
Pressure
 Heart Problems
 Difficulty in Walking
Obesity
Obesity
A medical condition in which a person has too much
body fat.
prevent body from using blood sugar correctly which
lead to diabetes
causes blood clots due to excess fat which lead to
heart attacks and stroke
cause pain and premature joint deterioration
Under
Nutrition
A condition wherein a
person does not eat
or take the daily
needed nutrients and
nutritional requirements
leading to diseases
and deficiencies.
Under
Nutrition
 Lack of Appetite
 Tiredness
 Irritability
 Inability to
concentrate
 Loss of Body Fat
 Higher risk of getting
sick
Micronutrients
These are vitamins and minerals need to maintain strong
bodies and mental sharpness, fight off disease, and bear
healthy children
- needed by the body in reasonable amounts
- play a life saving role
- Vitamin A, Iron and Iodine
Micronutrient Deficiencies
Micronutrient Deficiencies are
diseases caused by deficiency of
vitamins and minerals in the diet
Micronutrient
Defficiency
Types, Indications,
Prevention
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD)
Vitamin A primarily affects children but the
deficiency (VAD) effects last a lifetime.
It causes night blindness and
later, permanent blindness
(xerophthalmia).
The child does not reach
optimum physical growth and is
prone to infections, that
contributes to the high rates of
sickness and death among
young children.
Vitamin A
deficiency (VAD)
regular consumption of
vitamin A-rich foods, such
as animal products, and
orange and yellow fruits
and vegetables, dark
green leafy vegetables,
and palm oil.
Anemia and iron deficiency
Anemia is a condition in which the
Anemia and iron
red blood cell count or hemoglobin
is less than normal.
deficiency
It affects mostly adolescent girls
women of child-bearing age and
pre-school children.
Anemia results in retarded physical
growth, low resistance to
infections and slow development
of learning abilities.
In adults it causes fatigue and
reduced work capacity and may
cause reproductive impairment.
Anemia and iron
deficiency
Foods such as dark
green leafy
vegetables, legumes
and red meat are
rich in iron, as are
iron-fortified food
products.
Iodine
deficiency
disorder
(IDD)
Iodine deficiency
disorder (IDD)
Results from lack of iodine in
the diet. Iodine is needed to
produce thyroid hormone.
The body does not make

iodine, so you should get
iodine in your diet.
Iodine deficiency
disorder (IDD)
Breads, Iodized table salt,

Cheese, Saltwater fish,
Cow’s milk, Seaweed, Eggs,
Shellfish, Frozen yogurt, Soy
milk, Ice cream, Soy sauce
Iodine deficiency can lead to
enlargement of the thyroid or goiter,
hypothyroidism, and to mental retardation
in infants and children whose mothers
lacked iodine when they were pregnant.
Iodine deficiency disorder is the most
common cause of preventable mental
retardation. In severe cases it can lead to
deaf-mutism, and other serious disorders,
as well as reproductive impairment, which
results in miscarriage and still birth.
Nutritional Disorder
• This problem includes problem of overeating and/or
consistently making poor food choices, resulting in
obesity.
• Other adolescents develop problems with an

unhealthy and extremely restrictive dieting without
meeting the minimum nutritional requirements
necessary for healthy growth and development.
Eating Disorder
• Some adolescents tend to eat less because of their fear of becoming fat.
• They become choosy with the foods they eat, preferring snack foods to full meals.
• Some are too conscious about their weight and their efforts to lose weight get out
of control.
• Due to their desire to lose weight, they develop eating disorders.
• They get carried away with losing weight and becoming thin.
• An eating disorder is an extreme, unsafe eating behavior that can cause serious
illness or that may even result in death.
• The exact cause is unknown.
• Some may have serious underlying mental and emotional problems that need
professional treatment.
• They develop eating disorders that if not treated earlier can lead to serious health
problems. It might also lead to death.
Anorexia nervosa
- is an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation leading to
excessive weight loss. It is an extreme fear of becoming stout and a
distorted view of their body size and shape.
- a psychological disorder with physical and emotional consequences.
Those experiencing this eating disorder see themselves as fat even if they
are not. Their fear of being overweight is too strong. Outside pressures,
high expectations, the need to achieve or the need to be popular, and the
need to be accepted are characteristics of people who tend to develop
this disorder. If not treated earlier, those with anorexia nervosa become
malnourished.
- The condition may also become severe enough to cause death.
Bulimia
is a disorder in which the clearing of digestive tract
follows cycles of overeating. People with this disorder are
too concerned with weight. They will eat large quantity of
food in a short period of time. After eating, they will take
laxatives to rid the body of the food to avoid gaining
weight. They may induce vomiting, abuse laxatives or
diuretics, and go on dieting, or do excessive exercises.
These practices are harmful and will damage the body.
Binge eating disorder
- is characterized by compulsive eating. People who indulge in
compulsive eating consume a large amount of food at one time but they
do not eliminate it. Binge disorder may be an indicator that the person
uses food to cope with depression or strong emotions.
- is different from normal appetite increases or overeating during
holidays. Those with a binge eating problem eat large amounts of food
on a regular basis. They eat quickly or most often do something while
eating, like playing computer games, watching TV, reading books, doing
homework, and others. They don’t stop eating even if they are already
full. This results in being overweight or even obese because of so many
calories they have taken, which is more than what the body can use.
• Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Binge Eating Disorder  Dry skin  Fainting 
Brittle hair  Dehydration  Loss of body fat  Irregular heartbeat 
Loss of menstruation  Wasting away of muscle tissue   Damage the
heart due to starvation  Damage the kidney due to laxative abuse 
Dehydration and serious  malnutrition  Enlarge stomach  Tooth
enamel and injury  Sores in the mouth  Throats are often red  Lack
of control once one begins to eat  Depression  Grief  Anxiety 
Shame  Disgust or selfhatred about eating behaviors
• Some behaviors that can be observed from
• those with Anorexia Nervosa include:
•  Exercising excessively
•  Wearing bulky or loose clothing
•  Making excuses during meals
•  Shifting the food on their plate just to
• pretend they are eating
• Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Binge Eating Disorder - there is no known
preventive way. Early treatment may be the best way to prevent the
disorder from progressing. Knowing the early signs and - avoid
skipping meals - eat more high-fiber foods - include fresh fruit and
vegetables in your diet - drink 8-10 glasses of water a day and do 30
mins. Exercises daily. - cope with stress - take three regular meals and
choose healthy snacks - stop dieting - avoid dullness/ boredom
• Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Binge Eating Disorder seeking treatment
right away can help prevent complications with anorexia - avoid finger
foods and select meals that require eating at the table - eat regularly-
timed meals consisting of a variety of foods in enough quantity. - do
some exercises - have enough sleep - know your body - note the food
you eat - get help
Read the situation and then answer
the questions that follow in
Learning Task 6 page 28.

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Malnutrition

• It is the largest single contributor

• Malnutrition also leads to

The body does not make

Breads, Iodized table salt,

• Other adolescents develop problems with an

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