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    Structure of Bone and Cartilage

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    vergel john Ercia
    Bone and cartilage are connective tissues composed of cells and an extracellular matrix. There are three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Bone is a mineralized tissue that provides structure and protection. It is made up of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone tissue contains Haversian canals and undergoes remodeling through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts throughout life.

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    Structure of Bone and Cartilage

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    vergel john Ercia
    33 views23 pages
    Bone and cartilage are connective tissues composed of cells and an extracellular matrix. There are three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Bone is a mineralized tissue that provides structure and protection. It is made up of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone tissue contains Haversian canals and undergoes remodeling through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts throughout life.

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    Structure of Bone and Cartilage

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    Bone and cartilage are connective tissues composed of cells and an extracellular matrix. There are three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Bone is a mineralized tissue that provides structure and protection. It is made up of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone tissue contains Haversian canals and undergoes remodeling through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts throughout life.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views23 pages

    Structure of Bone and Cartilage

    Uploaded by

    vergel john Ercia
    Bone and cartilage are connective tissues composed of cells and an extracellular matrix. There are three types of cartilage - hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage. Bone is a mineralized tissue that provides structure and protection. It is made up of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Bone tissue contains Haversian canals and undergoes remodeling through the actions of osteoblasts and osteoclasts throughout life.

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    Structure of Bone

    &
    Cartilage
    Sanjaya Adikari
    Department of Anatomy
    Connective tissue
     Cells
     Cells producing extracellular material
     Other cells (immune cells, fat cells)

     Extracellular material
     Ground substance – matrix of organic material
     Fibres
    Connective tissues
    Cartilage
     A semi-rigid tissue

     Variable amounts of collagen and elastic fibres

     Three types

     Hyaline cartilage (consist of collagen fires)

     Elastic cartilage (consist of collagen and lot of elastic fires)

     Fibrocartilage
    Cartilage
    Blood vessels Nerves

    diffusion
    Perichondrium

    cells
    Chondroblasts

    Lacuna/
    space

    Chondrocytes
    Cartilage…
     Grow by

     Interstitial growth (chondrocytes dividing & forming

    clusters)

     Appositional growth (chondroblasts differentiating into

    chondrocytes)

     Adults have a limited distribution of cartilage

     Newborns have more extensive distribution


    Hyaline Cartilage
     Most common type

     Found in,
    nasal septum, larynx, tracheal rings, costal cartilages
    and articular surfaces of sinovial joints

     Newborns have more extensive distribution since

    they act as templates for most of the long bones


    Elastic Cartilage
     Found in,

    external ear, external auditory canal, epiglottis and

    wall of Eustachian tubes.

     Differ from hyaline cartilage by having numerous

    elastic cartilage bundles in the matrix


    Hyaline cartilage

    Elastic cartilage
    Fibrocartilage
     Found in,

    intervetebral discs, some articular cartilages and

    pubic symphysis.

     Features appear intermediate between cartilage and

    dense fibrous connective tissue

     There are alternating layers of hyaline like cartilage

    and thick layers of collagen fibres.


    Fibrocartilage
    Bone
     A specialized connective tissue

     Extracellular components are mineralized - rigid

     Supporting and protective functions

     Function as a calcium ion store

     Growth and resorption throughout life - dynamic


    Bone……
     Cells –

     Osteoblasts: secrete extracellular matrix (osteoid)

     Osteocytes: maintain bone matrix

     Osteoclasts: remove bone matrix

     Extracellular matrix –

     glycoprotein ground substance, collagen fibres,


    mineral component by calcium hydroxyapatite
    periosteum epiphysis

    growth plate

    endosteum diaphysis

    cavity
    (contains yellow marrow)

    epiphysis
    red marrow
    Microscopic structure
     Haversian canals with vessels and nerves

     They are arranged parallel to the long axis

     Connected by canals running across, called

     Bone cells are arranged around Haversian canals in


    circles

     The cells lay down bone in circles called lamellae


    Microscopic structure
    Cortical bone

    Haversian system

    Volkmann’s canal
    Canaliculi
    Cortical bone

    Interstitial system (old Hav Sys)


    New Haversian system
    Woven bone
    immature bone. Random organization of
    fibrous elements

    Bone

    Compact bone
    forms walls of the shaft &
    a thin layer around the
    Lamellar bone epiphysis of long bones
    mature bone
    Cancellous bone
    found in the epiphysis or
    around the medullary
    cavity
    Resorption Apositional growth
    Increased
    calcium ions
    +
    Calcitonin
    _ Osteoblast

    Osteoclast

    +
    PTH

    + Periosteum
    Reduced
    calcium ions

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