1-Introduction To MS SQL 2012

introduction to SQL
SERVER
Objectives
SQL, T-SQL
Hardware and Software Requirements
MS SQL Server 2012 Edition
MS SQL Server 2012 Installation
MS SQL Server 2012 Tools and
Components
System Database
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Structured Query Language (SQL)
Is an industry-standard programming
language used to insert, retrieve, modify, and
delete data in a relational database.
contains statements for defining and

administering the objects in a database
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is the language supported by almost all

database systems, and is the subject of
published industry standards
developed by E. F. Codd while he was

working at the IBM research labs in San
Jose in 1971.
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Three Categories:
1. Data Definition Language (DDL)

used to define and manage all the objects in an
SQL Server such as databases, tables and view.
CREATE, ALTER and DROP statements
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Three Categories:
2. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
used to SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE data
in the objects defined by DDL
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Three Categories:
3. Data Control Language (DCL)
Security commands such as GRANT, REVOKE, and

DENY that control how a principal (user or role) can
access a securable (object or data.)
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Transact-SQL (T-SQL)
T-SQL is the language containing the

commands used to administer SQL Server,
to create and manage all objects in SQL
Server, and to insert, retrieve, modify, and
delete all data in tables.
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Microsoft SQL Server a History
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SQL Server Architecture
The entities in involved SQL Server
architecture
• SQL Server instances,
• databases
• schemas
• database
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SQL Server Instances
is an installation of a SQL
Server database engine/service
databases
can be a Default Instance or
Named Instance
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SQL Server Instances
can install multiple instances of SQL Server

on the same computer
each instance is completely independent of

the others in terms of security, the data that
it manages, and in all other respects
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Databases
You can think of a database as a container of
objects such as tables, views, stored procedures,
and so on
Each instance of SQL Server can contain multiple
databases
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MS SQL Server Edition
Enterprise Edition
High-end edition with the advanced performance

and availability features required to support thousands
of connections and databases measured by terabytes
This edition includes all the right features, including

Integration Services, Analysis Services, Web Services,
database mirroring, and failover clustering.
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Standard Edition
perfectly suited for medium-size businesses

that need all the primary features and can live
without the very high-end high availability features
of Enterprise Edition
This edition includes all the right features,
including Integration Services, Analysis Services,
Web Services, database mirroring, and failover
clustering.
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Workgroup Edition
Intended as a departmental database server,
Workgroup Edition includes the right mix of
features for a small transactional database
Web Edition
new for SQL Server 2012 is licensed for
hosting websites
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Compact Edition
Its small footprint of only 1MBof RAM
means that it can actually run well on a mobile
smart device
Express Edition
It’s a full version of the SQL Server database
engine intended to serve as an embedded database
within an application. It’s completely free.
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Hardware Requirements
Hardware Requirements
Minimum:
x86 Processor: 1.0 GHz
Processor Speed x64 Processor: 1.4 GHz
Recommended: 2.0 GHz or faster
Minimum:
Express Editions: 512 MB
All other editions: 1 GB
Recommended:
Memory Express Editions: 1 GB
All other editions: At least 4 GB and should be
increased as database size increases to ensure optimal
performance.
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Software Requirement
.NET 3.5 SP1 is a requirement for SQL Server 2012
when you select Database Engine, Reporting
Services, Master Data Services, Data Quality Services,
Replication, or SQL Server Management Studio, and it
is no longer installed by SQL Server Setup.
.NET 4.0 is a requirement for SQL Server 2012. SQL

Server installs .NET 4.0 during the feature installation
step.
Windows PowerShell 2.0
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OS Requirements
Windows 7,
Windows Server 2008 R2,
Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2
Windows Vista Service Pack 2
Note: SQL Server 2012 installation on Windows 7

required to install Windows 7 SP1. It is recommended
to perform Windows update before beginning SQL
Server 2012 installation
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Preparing to Install
1. Choosing Instance Name
Default Instance - selected by default for

the first installation of SQL Server on a
machine
Named Instance – used when a default

instance already installed
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2. Choosing Service Account
• Local System. The name of this account is NT AUTHORITY\
System. It is a powerful account that has unrestricted access to
all local system resources. It is a member of the Windows
Administrators group on the local computer, and is therefore a
member of the SQL Server sysadmin fixed server role
• Network Service. The name of this account is NT
AUTHORITY\NetworkService. It is available in Microsoft
Windows XP and Microsoft Windows Server 2003. All services
that run under the Network Service account are authenticated
to network resources as the local computer.
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3. Selecting an Authentication Mode

Authentication Mode - is how SQL Server processes
usernames and passwords
Windows Authentication Mode - With this mode, a

user can sit down at their computer, log in to the
Windows domain, and gain access to SQL Server
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3. Selecting an Authentication Mode

Mixed Mode (Windows Authentication Mode and
SQL Server Authentication)
- The user logs in to their network, Windows or
otherwise
- The user opens a connection to SQL Server using a

username and password other than those used to gain
network access.
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Authentication Modes
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SQL Server 2012
Installation
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Installation – SQL Server 2012
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SQL Server Tools and Components
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SQL Server Configuration Manager
This tool is used to start and stop any server, se

the start-up options, and configure network
protocol and manage network connectivity
configuration 46
SQL Profiler
SQL Server is
capable of exposing a
trace of selected
events and data
points.
Profiler is great
for debugging an
application or tuning
the database
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Logging In
 Server Type
 Server Name
 Authentication
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SQL Server Management Studio
is the primary graphical tool that performs many of the
administrative tasks needed in SQL Server.
enables the developer or DBA to develop database

projects and manage SQL Server with either a GUI
interface or T-SQL code
Management Studio’s Query Editor is an excellent way to work with raw T-SQL
code and it’s integrated with the Solution Explorer to manage projects
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Summary
Object Explorer 50
Object Explorer
 Used for administering and developing SQL
Server 2008 database objects
Summary
 Presents basic information about the selected
object
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Template Explorer
Query Editor 52
Template Explorer
 Used to create and manage T-SQL code
templates. The templates are simply stored SQL
scripts within a directory structure
Query Editor
is used to create, edit, and execute T-SQL
batches.
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SQL Server Management Studio Solution Explorer
Properties Window
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Solution Explorer
Displays solutions, which are convenient
groupings of objects, T-SQL, or special programs
called stored procedures, among other items
Properties Window
Displays the set of properties for each object
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Viewing Available Databases
Object Explorer
 Expand Databases folder
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Viewing Available Databases
Query Editor (T-SQL)
Execute sp_helpdb system stored procedure
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System Database
Some databases are created automatically

when you install SQL Server.
The default system databases should not be

deleted because
they may cause failure to your instance of SQL
Server.
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System Database
Master
keeps the instance of SQL Server functioning.
This database records all the system

information for the SQL Server instance
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System Database
Master
contains all information that is global to the
server, including logins, error messages, system
configuration, and the list of other databases that
exist on the server
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System Database
Msdb
store information about the scheduling of
alerts, the definition of jobs, and the recording of
the server operators to be contacted when a
particular event occurs on the server
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System Database
Tempdb
contains all temporarily created stored
procedures and tables and is generally used as a
work area by SQL Server
Tempdb is where tasks that require memory are

performed, such as join and sort operations
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System Database
Model
stores a complete template for creating new
databases
When you create a new database, SQL Server

copies the whole contents of the Model database
into the new database you create
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Sample Database
TSQL2012
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introduction to SQL

contains statements for defining and

is the language supported by almost all

developed by E. F. Codd while he was

1. Data Definition Language (DDL)

CREATE, ALTER and DROP statements

Security commands such as GRANT, REVOKE, and

T-SQL is the language containing the

can install multiple instances of SQL Server

each instance is completely independent of

High-end edition with the advanced performance

This edition includes all the right features, including

perfectly suited for medium-size businesses

.NET 4.0 is a requirement for SQL Server 2012. SQL

Windows PowerShell 2.0

Note: SQL Server 2012 installation on Windows 7

1. Choosing Instance Name

Default Instance - selected by default for

Named Instance – used when a default

3. Selecting an Authentication Mode

Windows Authentication Mode - With this mode, a

3. Selecting an Authentication Mode

- The user opens a connection to SQL Server using a

This tool is used to start and stop any server, se

enables the developer or DBA to develop database

Some databases are created automatically

The default system databases should not be

This database records all the system

Tempdb is where tasks that require memory are

When you create a new database, SQL Server

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