MANGO INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN

M SHAAZ SHAIKH ZUBAIR AHSAN ABBASI

Introduction
The word Mango is the British pronunciation of the Mankay, the Tamil word for the fruit, because it is found in most abundance in Southern India. There are thousand of mango cultivars grown, of which Asia has over 500 varieties Mango is know as the king of fruits This delicious fruit is nutritionally superior, source of several vitamins and minerals.

Mango is an excellent source of vitamins A. B and C and contains water, proteins, Sugar. fats, fibers and iron etc.

It is also processed into preserves, juices, jams, jellies, nectars as well as crisp mango chips, which are eaten as snacks

In Pakistan young and unripe fruits are used as pickles,chatnies,murabas etc

PAKISTANI SCENERIO
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Pakistan is the worlds third largest mango producer and fifth largest exporter. Mango is the second major fruit crop in Pakistan. Pakistan produces 5.86 percent world's mangoes being the third largest producer The country produces 1.6-1.7 million tons mango per year Pakistan exported 53.45 million kilograms or 5.87 per cent of its total annual production

Mango comes in market early in the May and remains in market till August/September Pakistani mangoes are becoming popular worldwide due to their taste and fine quality There are 450 known Varieties of Mangoes in Pakistan

VARITIES
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There are many varieties which are famous in Pakistan, but some varieties which are very common are:

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Sindhri, Langra, Chaunsa, Fajri, SamarBahist, Anwar Ratole, Dasehri, Saroli, Tuta Pari, Neelam, Collector, Bengan Phali, etc.

Leading Commercial varieties in Pakistan

Sindh

Sindhri Gulabkhas Swarnarice Baganpalli Collector Neelum

Punjab  Malda Langra  Aman  Duseri  Anwar Ratol



Samer bahisht

Fajri  Kalan  Sensation



NWFP  Lengra  Samer Bahisht

Balochistan

Sindhri Banganpalli

SINDH
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As we get mangoes from Balochistan and NWFP, but the main source are Sindh and Punjab. In Pakistan we get more than 10 lacs tons production, out of which Sindh provides 50% Average annual production of mango in Sindh is 3.5 million ton while its share in total mango exports is about 50 per cent. Sindh produces two main varieties of mango, Sindhri and Chaunsa Mirpurkhas is the main regions, where we get mangoes in large quantity. The maximum production, we get from Rahim Yar Khan, where mangoes are cultivated on more than 26 thousand acres. Mango is the second leading export fruit in Pakistan after Kinnow.

PUNJAB
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The province of Punjab occupied a dominant position with 80 per cent in the production of mangoes followed by Sindh with 20 per cent

Disease attack
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In year(2009)mango crop in Tando Allahyar, Sindh, would drop 20 to 30 per cent due to less warmth in the weather conditions and infection from diseases that cannot be cured with pesticides spray.

Main fields areas

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The main field of mango is obtained from District Rahim Yar Khan, Rahimabad, Jamaldin wali, Sadiqabad, Shaikh Wahan, Mianwali Qureshan Zahirpur, Bagho Bahar, Tirandah Mohammad Panah of district Rahim Yar Khan are very famous for mango production. Whereas, Hyderabad, Tandojam, Tando Allahyar, Tando Jan Muhammad, Digri, Nawab Shah, Naushero Feroz, Khairpur Mirus, Ghotki, Bahawalpur, Shuja abad, MuzzaffarGarh, KoatAddu, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Vihari, Okara, Faisalabad, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh and Sargodha are also very famous for mango production.

Provinces wise mango production

Year 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 Punjab
(MT)

Sindh
(MT)

NWFP
(MT)

Balochistan
(MT)

13.5 13.9 13.1 7.0 6.4

3.5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.3

3.4 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2

.58 .65 .65 .65 .11

Mango Export
yPakistan produces 5.86 percent world's mangoes being the third largest producer. Its export is progressing resulting into substantial foreign exchange earnings.

We earn about $40 million from 125,000 tons mango export in year(2009) as compared to $27-30 million (87,000 tons) last year

Exports
YEAR EXPORT(TONES)

2009 2008 2007 2005

125000 87000 94000 77000

Future prediction for Export

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In response to another question he claimed that the mango export target of $80 million by the year 2011-12 (CURRENTLY ABOT 40 MILLLION) would be achievable if the Ministry of Commerce and MINFAL extends cooperation and required support to the exporters towards enhancing export goals.

LEADING IMPORT MARKETS-PAKISTAN MARKETSUAE y SAUDI ARABIA y OMAN y UK y FRANCE y GERMANY

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Mango prices 2009

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Mango eaters are paying higher prices for the most popular fruit owing to short production in Sindh this year,However, there were divergent views about the size of the Sindh mango crop and its impact on the retail prices. Wholesalers in the Fruit Mandi at Super Highway believed that there was 40-50 per cent fall in mango production and the prices were 20-30 per cent higher over the last year. They feared further increase in prices in case of rains. Member Executive Council of All Pakistan Fruits and Vegetables Importers and Exporters Association Matin Siddiqui told Dawn that the Sindhri variety was selling Rs5 to Rs6 per kg higher over the last year.

MANGO PRICES IN INTERNATIONAL MARKET

YEAR 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 PRICE ($/KG) 0.32 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.39

MARKET PURCHASEER
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Dubai remained the top market for Pakistani mangoes by importing more than 27,000 tones followed by Europe, including the United Kingdom with 10,000 tonne. Pakistan exported 9,000 tons mangoes to Saudi Arabia, while 7,500 tonne were shipped to other Gulf countries like Oman and Kuwait. The rest of 1,500 tonne of mangoes went to the Far Eastern countries including Singapore and Malaysia.

Pakistan mango production

Year 2007 2006 2005 2004 Production (MT) 1719 1753 1671 1055.9

Polity India China Pakistan Mexico Thailand Indonesia Brazil Philippines Nigeria Vietnam Earth

Production in{Tonnes} 13501000 3752000 2250000 2050000 1800000 1620000 1546000 975000 734000 370000 33445279

Area harvested of mangoes as of 2007 Country Hectares India 2 143 000 China 445 000 Thailand 285 000 Indonesia 266 000 Pakistan 215 000 Mexico 200 000 Philippines 181 000 Nigeria 126 500 Brazil 89 800 Guinea 82 000 Vietnam 52 000 Bangladesh 51 000

World Ranking by Mango Production-2005

Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Country India China Thailand Pakistan Mexico Indonesia Philippines Brazil Nigeria Egypt Vietnam Peru Haiti Bangladesh Cuba Madagascar Dem Republic of Congo United Republic of Tanzania Sudan Guatemala Production (Mt) 10800000 3673000 1800000 1673900 1503010 1478204 950000 850000 730000 380000 320000 268000 260000 243000 230000 210000 203270 200000 195000 187000

Famous mango varieties in the world

Pakistan India Mexico Mali Kenya Philippines West Indies South Africa Sindri & Chausa Alphonso Tony Atkins Amelie Carahao Pico Julie Kent

Climate and Soil

The ecological conditions suitable for mango cultivation are: Suitable temperature range is 15 to 40oC. Low temperatures are extremely harmful. Frosts and hot winds cause great damage to the trees. Young plants need protection against frost and hot winds. A hot and humid climate is suitable. In areas with heavy rainfall, the quality of fruit may be affected. Mango can be grown in a wide range of soils but well drained, deep and fertile soils are most suitable. Salt affected soil are not good for its cultivation.

Mango processing flow chart

Mango farm Purchasing Packing in plastic crates

Transportation to Processing plant

Pre cooling/ Washing at 17 0c

Grading sizing

Sorting on conveyers

Packing

Transportation by truck

International Market

Air Cargo

Currently approximately 3 per cent of mangoes are processed into value added products such as pulp for use in drinks and ice cream, canned mangoes and dried mangoes. Three processors were visited, producing 1000 to 5000 tones of pulp annually. Mangoes are generally purchased from the wholesale market at normal wholesale prices. No quality standards are communicated to potential suppliers; mangoes are purchased mature green and ripened using calcium carbide on the processors premises. Fruit is then graded for processing. Bruised, rotten or unripened fruit are removed. After processing, skins are discarded and seeds supplied to the nursery industry

CONT

Health Benefits of Mango

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Mangos are an excellent source of Vitamins A and C, as well as a good source of Potassium Mangoes contain phenols, this phenolic compound have powerful antioxidant and anticancer abilities. Mango is high in iron, people with anemia are advised to eat this fruit regularly. Mango is effective in relieving clogged pores of the skin.It is also valuable to combat acidity and poor digestion. Mango is a rich source of vitamin A(beta-carotene), E and Selenium which help to protect against heart disease and other ailments

Potential
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Mango is the second major fruit crop in Pakistan. We are not importing mangoes that gives benefits for exports. We can increase our exports by increasing production. By improving the infrastructure we can increase the finish good products

Problems with mango

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The largest problem of mango is anthracnose because it attacks all parts of the tree and is probably most damaging to the flower panicles. On maturing fruit, the fungus causes irregular black spots that may be sunken slightly and show surface cracks Lack of forward and backward linkage between growers/suppliers and buyers/exporters, which has affected the mangos market potential 30 to 40 per cent of fruit is wasted in the harvest-to-market system Issues with packaging

CONTINUE
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Issues with exporters Limited time window Limited knowledge of export market requirements Diseases in mango crop

Recommendations
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To enhance export, quality standards should be maintained for fresh mango, proper grading and packaging arrangements should be established. The mango for export should be free of diseases The farmers should take Global Gap Certification for their orchards that will help them to export mango to the European markets.

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SWOT Analysis

STRENGTH

Large domestic market y Demand in local market y High domestic consumption y Quality of mango
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WEAKNESS
Lack of proper marketing y Lack of product development y No research and development facility y Inadequate international market information
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OPPORTUNITIES
Exhibition y Season
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THREATS
Global compitition y Diseases
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y Poor

infrastructure, y limited knowledge of handling, storing, transporting of mango y And very limited cool storage facilities available