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GROUP 3
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Celebrites in Hollywood that are practicing the
Islamic faith
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there is no god but Allah
and that Muhammad is his
prophet.
Obliigatory Prayer (Salat)
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observe. These prayers are performed at
specific times throughout the day and
involve physical movements and
recitation of verses from the Quran.
Poor Tax (Zakat)
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and needy. The amount of zakat
that is required varies depending
on one's income and assets .
Fasting (Sawm)
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the ninth month of the Islamic lunar
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calendar. During this month, Muslims
refrain from eating, drinking, and
engaging in other physical activities
from dawn until sunset.
Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
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lifetime, provided that one is physically
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and financially able to do so. The
pilgrimage takes place during the month
of Dhu al-Hijjah, the twelfth month of the
Islamic lunar calendar.
WORKSHIP AND OBSERVANCE
The Islamic calendar is composed of 12 lunar
months of between 29 and 30 days, with 354 days.
The difference between the solar and lunar calendar
is adjusted by adding one day to the last month of
the year 11 times each 30 years, resulting in 103
Islamic years being the equivalent of 100 solar
years. Table 6.1 lists some of the most important
festivals celebrated by Muslims worldwide.
ISLAMIC LAW
The concept of law and justice in Islam is based on
the Quranic vetats revealed by God to Muhammad.
The universal Ints passed down by God govern both
Um allais of human and laws of nature, and the
teachings of Muhammad or the Andiths form the
basis of the Islamic legal system. The shari'a is a path
of conduct that must be followed by all Muslims,
covering almost the totality of their life from home
life to business interests
Islamic jurisprudence
Islamic jurisprudence or the science of Islamic law is called fight and covers all
aspects of Muslim way of life and actions. It is divided into five categories: forbidden
(harmm), discouraged (makruh), neutral (mubah), recommended (mandab), and
obligatory (fand). Forbidden actions are both sinful and criminal under pain of
punishment, such as eating animale that have died from natural causes or those
animals that were not ritually slaughtered. Harum behaviors include drinking blood,
eating dried blood, and taking liquors. The Five Pillars is an example of an obligatory
category, such as almsgiving, daily prayers, and ritual fasting. The three other
categories are makruh, mandub, and mubah, which focus on etiquette, donations,
personal habits, and social life. Permitted behaviors that are neither good nor bad
but neutral are classified as mubah. The hadith collections can be consulted to
resolve these matters
SUBDIVISIONS
Similar to most major religions, Islam also
has sects, which vary primarily as to how
these sects interpret some aspects of the
Islamic faith and of the Quran. Inasmuch as
Muslims agree on the fundamental tenets
of the Lalam religion, variations do occur in
many of their beliefs and praction (Hopfe
1983)
Sunni Muslims (The Sunni)
The majority of Muslims, 87% to 90%, belong to the
Sunni denomination. The Sunnis are traditionalists and
follow the original religion established by Muharamad
and guided by the first four righteous caliphs. The
Samuis believe that any Muslim can be a ruler as long
as they get the approval and coat dence of the mol or
community. The Summi set of Islam are groups of
Muslims that differ in views and exercise of their faith.
Every Muslim country has a Suumi majority except Iran,
Iraq, Azerbaijan, Yemen, and some of the Gulf States.
The Shiites are the largest faction within the Summi set.
Shi’a (The Shi’ites)
he Shi'ites are the largest fiction within the Islam religion that separated from
he rest of the community. Historically speaking, three close associates of
Muhammad became successive leaders or caliphs of Islam with the death of
he founder in 632 C.E. Some Muslims believed that Muhammad should have
een immediately succeeded by his direct relative, Ali ibn Abi Talib, who was
is cousin. In 656 C.E., Ali became the fourth caliph but steadily lost control of
he Muslim world, culminating in the takeover of the caliphate by the Umayyad
ynasty. The Sunuis accepted the legitimacy of the first four successors of
Muhammad: Abu Bakr (632-634 CE), Umar ibu al-Khattab (634-644 C.E.),
thman ibn Affan (644-656 C.E.). Other Muslims believed that Ali's
escendants should become head of the religious comm nity, and the Shi'ites
ecame known as "Shin Al" or "the party of Ali." Ali was the first imam and the
ghtful spiritual and polit ical successor of Muhammad, and his youngest son
usayn was killed and beheaded at the battle of Karbala. This event is
ommemorated each year as a day of mourning for all Shi'ites
Sufi
Sufis are Muslims who focus on a mystical union with
God. They originated around the ninth century C.E.
and were characterized by coarse wool garments and
denunciation of worldly pleasures. Monastic orders
were established around the twelfth century, and new
recruits studied under their master to develop their
heightened sense of spirituality. Most Sufi
practitioners practice discipline, poverty, abstinence,
and celibacy, and insist that it is possible to have
union with God through mystical experience.
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