1. The document discusses the key concepts of international relations including internationalization, globalization, the nation-state, and different forms of internationalism.
2. It explains that internationalization involves deepening interactions between states and is a major part of but not equal to globalization.
3. The attributes of today's global system are defined as independent states that interact through diplomacy and international organizations that facilitate these interactions and take on lives of their own.
1. The document discusses the key concepts of international relations including internationalization, globalization, the nation-state, and different forms of internationalism.
2. It explains that internationalization involves deepening interactions between states and is a major part of but not equal to globalization.
3. The attributes of today's global system are defined as independent states that interact through diplomacy and international organizations that facilitate these interactions and take on lives of their own.
1. The document discusses the key concepts of international relations including internationalization, globalization, the nation-state, and different forms of internationalism.
2. It explains that internationalization involves deepening interactions between states and is a major part of but not equal to globalization.
3. The attributes of today's global system are defined as independent states that interact through diplomacy and international organizations that facilitate these interactions and take on lives of their own.
1. The document discusses the key concepts of international relations including internationalization, globalization, the nation-state, and different forms of internationalism.
2. It explains that internationalization involves deepening interactions between states and is a major part of but not equal to globalization.
3. The attributes of today's global system are defined as independent states that interact through diplomacy and international organizations that facilitate these interactions and take on lives of their own.
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 34
GOOD DAY !
( Atty. Marichu D. Garciano )
Lecturer A History of Global Politics: Creating an International Order Specific Learning Objectives: At the end of the class, the students are able to- 1. Identify the key events in the development of international relations; 2. Differentiate internationalization from globalization; 3. Define the state and the nation; 4. Distinguish between the competing conceptions of internationalism; and 5. Discuss the historical evolution of international politics. INTRODUCTION
• International relations- the scholars study
political, military, and other diplomatic engagements between two or more countries. • Internationalization- when the scholars explore the deepening of interactions between states. * Internationalization does not equal globalization, although it is a major part of globalization. • It is important to study international relations as a facet of globalization, because states/governments are key drivers of global processes. * Internationalization can be viewed as one window to view the globalization of politics. THE ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL SYSTEM • World politics today has four key attributes: 1.There are countries or states that are independent and govern themselves. 2. These countries interact with each other through diplomacy. 3. There are international organizations, like the U.N. , that facilitate these interactions. 4. Beyond simply facilitating meetings between states, international organizations also take on lives of their own.
* Nation-state- a relatively modern phenomenon in
human history, and people did not always organize themselves as countries. People in various regions of the world have identified exclusively with units as small as their village or their tribe, and at other times, they see themselves as members of larger political categories like “ Christendom” ( the entire Christian world). * Not all states are nations and not all nations are states. The nation of Scotland, for example, has its own flag and national culture, but still belongs to a state called the United Kingdom. • The Bangsamoro is a separate nation existing within the Philippines but, through their elites, recognizes the authority of the Philippine state. * There are also single nations with multiple states like the nation of Korea ( North and South); the Chinese nation ( People’s Republic of China (mainland) and Taiwan. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NATION AND STATE? A state has four attributes- 1.It exercises authority over a specific population, called its citizens. 2. It governs a specific territory. 3. A state has a structure of government that crafts various rules that people or society follow. 4. The state has sovereignty over its territory. SOVEREIGNTY ( INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ) • Internally, no individuals or groups can operate in a given national territory by ignoring the state. • Externally, sovereignty means that a state’s policies and procedures are independent of the interventions of other states. * Nation ( Benedict Anderson )- an imagined community: it is limited as it does not go beyond a given “ official boundary. ” THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM * The origins of the present-day concept of sovereignty can be traced back to the Treaty of Westphalia, which was a set of agreements signed in 1648 to end the Thirty Years’ War between the major continental powers of Europe. * After a brutal religious war between Catholics and Protestants, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, France, Sweden, and the Dutch Republic designed a system that would avert wars in the future by recognizing that the treaty signers exercise complete control over their domestic affairs and swear not to meddle in each other’s affairs. • Napoleon Bonaparte believed in spreading the principles of the French Revolution- LIBERTY, EQUALITY, AND FRATERNITY- to the rest of Europe and thus challenged the power of kings, nobility, and religion in Europe. * The Napoleonic Wars lasted from 1803- 1815 with Napoleon and his armies marching all over much of Europe. • The French implemented the Napoleonic Code that forbade birth privileges, encouraged freedom or religion, and promoted meritocracy in government service. * Anglo and Prussian armies finally defeated Napoleon in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, ending the latter’s mission to spread his liberal code across Europe. The Concert Of Europe
• This was an alliance of “great powers”- the
U.K., Austria, Russia, and Prussia- that sought to restore the world of monarchical, hereditary, and religious privileges of the time before the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars. ( an alliance to restore the sovereignty of states ) • Under the METTERNICH system ( Austrian diplomat, Klemens von Metternich), the Concert’s power and authority lasted from 1815-1914, and at the dawn of World War I. * Despite the challenge of Napoleon to the Westphalian system and the eventual collapse of the Concert of Europe after WWI, present-day international system still has traces of this history. INTERNATIONALISM * The Westphalian and Concert systems divided the world into separate, sovereign entities. * INTERNATIONALISM- a system of heightened interaction between various sovereign states, particularly the desire for greater cooperation and unity among states and peoples. FORMS OF INTERNATIONALISM
• ( liberal internationalism and socialist
internationalism ) * The first major thinker of liberal internationalism was the late 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant. ( He likened the states in a global system to people living in a given territory. If people living together require a government to prevent lawlessness, shouldn’t that same principle be applied to states ? Without a form of world government, the international system would be chaotic. Hence, states, like citizens of countries, must give up some freedoms and establish a continuously growing state consisting of various nations which will ultimately include the nations of the world. ( Kant- imagined a form of global government ). • British philosopher, Jeremy Bentham (1780) coined the word “international” and advocated the creation of “international law” that would govern the inter-state relations. ( “ greatest happiness of all nations taken together ). * The first thinker to reconcile nationalism with liberal internationalism was the 19th century Italian patriot GIUSEPPE MAZZINI. • Mazzini believed in a Republican government ( without kings, queens, and hereditary succession) and proposed a system of free nations that cooperated with each other to create an international system. * For him, free, independent states would be the basis of an equally free, cooperative international system. • Mazzini influenced the thinking of U.S. President (1913-1921) Woodrow Wilson, who became one of the 20th century’s most prominent internationalists. * Wilson saw nationalism as a prerequisite for internationalism. ( principle of self- determination: the belief that the world’s nations had a right to a free, and sovereign government. ( League of Nations ) The League was the concretization of the concepts of liberal internationalism. •From Kant, it emphasized the need to form common international principles. •From Mazzini, it enshrined the principles of cooperation and respect among nation-states. •From Wilson, it called for democracy and self-determination. * German socialist philosopher ( Karl Marx)- one of Mazzini’s biggest critics- an internationalist. He believed that any true form of internationalism should deliberately reject nationalism, which rooted people in domestic concerns instead of global ones. • Marx- divided the world into classes ( bourgeoisie and proletariat ) *Marx and his co-author, Friedrich Engels, believed that in a socialist revolution seeking to overthrow the state and alter the economy, the proletariat “had no nation”. * Marx died in 1883- The Socialist International (SI): a union of European socialist and labor parties established in Paris in 1889. ( achievements: the declara- -tion of May 1 as labor day and the creation of an International Women’s Day; the successful campaign for an eight-hour workday ). * To encourage the socialist revolutions across the world, Vladimir Lenin established the Communist International ( Comintern) in 1919--- served as the central body for directing Communist parties all over the world. • The SI collapsed- WWI- sister parties-fighting each other- a confirmation of Marx’s warning: when workers and their organizations take the side of their countries instead of each other, their long-term interests are compromised. * Russian revolution-1917- Czar Nicholas II- replaced by a revolutionary government led by the Bolshevik Party and its leader, Vladimir Lenin. ( USSR)- the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic- Communist parties). * For the postwar period, liberal internationalism once again become ascendant--- evidence- the rise of the United Nations as the center of global governance. LEARNING ACTIVITY
*** DO YOU THINK
INTERNATIONALIZATION ERODES THE SOVEREIGNTY OF STATES? Justify your ideas. 10 points REFERENCES:
• The Contemporary World. Lisandro E. Claudio &
Patricio N. Abinales. C&E Publishing, Inc., 2018 • The Contemporary World. Guiraldo Fernandez, Marichu D. Garciano, Joselito R. Garciano, 2018. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ztu9tW5aU_o • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CUWiW8RqWS M • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FXk-d2fpJA • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M9h-8lXPRb0 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C1sEaQDORQQ Thank you……