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    Dental Anatomy

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    kajojo joy

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    Dental Anatomy

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    kajojo joy
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    48 views73 pages

    Dental Anatomy

    Uploaded by

    kajojo joy

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 73

    Dental/ORAL anatomy

    by dr kibe
    objective
    • Student acquire knowledge of oral
    anatomy
    • Knowledge necessary in applied anatomy
    ORAL ANATOMY
    scope
     learn the bones of oral region
     Learn the soft tissues of oral region
     learn the nerve and blood and lymphatics
     Learn tooth morphology
    Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy
    · Lips (labia) – protect
    the anterior opening
    · Cheeks – form the
    lateral walls
    · Hard palate – forms
    the anterior roof
    · Soft palate – forms
    the posterior roof
    · Uvula – fleshy
    projection of the
    soft palate
    Clinical anatomy
    • The mandible is mostly
    fractured at the canine socket
    where it is weak. Involvement
    of the IAN in the callus may
    cause neuralgic pain, which
    may be referred to the areas of
    distribution of the buccal and
    auriculotemporal nerves.
    • Next common fracture areas
    are- angle and neck of the
    mandible.
    Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy
    · Lips (labia) – protect
    the anterior opening
    · Cheeks – form the
    lateral walls
    · Hard palate – forms
    the anterior roof
    · Soft palate – forms
    the posterior roof
    · Uvula – fleshy
    projection of the
    soft palate
    Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy
    · Vestibule – space
    between lips
    externally and teeth
    and gums internally
    · Oral cavity – area
    contained by the
    teeth
    · Tongue – attached
    at hyoid bone and
    styloid processes of
    the skull, and by the
    lingual frenulum
    Tongue

    · Dorsum (upper part of


    tongue covered with
    papillae taste receptor and
    buds)
    · filiform papillae

    · fungiform papillae

    · circumvallate papillae

    · Paltine tonsil
    and lingual
    tonsil
    Mouth (Oral Cavity) Anatomy
    · Vestibule – space
    between lips
    externally and teeth
    and gums internally
    · Oral cavity – area
    contained by the
    teeth
    · Tongue – attached at
    hyoid bone and
    styloid processes of
    the skull, and by the
    lingual frenulum
    Tongue

    · Dorsum (upper part of


    tongue covered with papillae
    taste receptor and buds)
    · filiform papillae

    · fungiform papillae

    · circumvallate papillae

    · Paltine tonsil and


    lingual tonsil
    Teeth
    • Teeth
    (mechanical breakdown)
    – Incisors used for cutting
    – Canines used for stabbing
    and holding
    – Molars large surface area
    used for grinding
    • Primary or deciduous teeth
    20
    • Secondary or permanent
    teeth 32
    Structure of Teeth

    Crown - exposed surface of tooth


    Neck - boundary between root and crown

    Enamel - outer surface (the hardest substance in the


    body 95% calcium salts)
    Dentin – bone-like, but noncellular(70% calcium
    salts)
    Pulp cavity - hollow with blood vessels and nerves
    Root canal - canal length of root
    gingival sulcus - where gum and tooth meet
    Processes of the Mouth

    · Mastication (chewing) of food


    · Mixing masticated food with saliva to
    produse easy digestied food called bolus
    · Saliva contain 2 enzyme,salivary amylase
    and lingual lipase
    · Initiation of swallowing by the tongue
    · Allowing for the sense of taste
    Pharynx Anatomy
    · Nasopharynx –
    not part of the
    digestive system
    · Oropharynx –
    posterior to oral
    cavity
    · Laryngopharynx –
    below the oropharynx
    and connected to
    the esophagus
    Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

    Figure 10.7c
    Salivary glands
    -Parotid gland: In the parotid fossa, three main
    structures transverse this gland – facial nerve,
    external carotid artery, and retromandibular
    vein. The parotid duct opens near the upper 2nd
    molar tooth. The gland is completely serous.
    - Submandibular gland: Sitting most
    posteriorly in the submandibular triangle, it is
    supplied by the facial artery and vein.
    Submandibular ducts, which cross the lingual
    nerves, open on both sides of the tongue
    frenulum. It is mostly serous but partially
    mucus,.
    - Sublingual gland: The smallest salivary
    gland sits beneath the oral mucosa in the floor
    of the mouth. It has multiple small openings.
    This gland is almost completely mucus-
    secreting.
    mucosa
    • Mainly stratified squamous epithelium non-
    keratinized
    • Keratinized at tip of piriform papillae
    • Papillae wt taste buds=fungiform and
    circumvallate. Also buds in folia
    linguae=present on posterolateral of tongue
    ORIGIN: Superior portion –
    infratemporal surface of greater
    wing of sphenoid. Inferior portion
    – lateral surface of lateral
    pterygoid plate

    INSERTION: fibers a re directed


    laterally and backwards into the
    front of the pteygoi plate

    ACTION: depress, proturude and


    move the mandible from side to
    side
    TEMPORALIS MUSCLE

    It is a large, fan-shaped
    muscle at the sides of the
    head.
    ORIGIN: the floor of temporal
    fossa and temporal fascia

    COURSE: anterior fibers run


    vertically downwards while the
    posterior fibers are almost
    horizontal in position

    INSERTION: the apex and deep


    surface of the coronoid process
    and along the anterior border ACTION: anterior fibers
    of the ramus elevate the mandible,
    while the posterior fibers
    retract the mandible
    LATERAL (or EXTERNAL)
    PTERGOID MUSCLE
    It is a thick and triangular
    muscle with two heads.
    It is the muscle of
    mastication that occupy
    primarily a horizontal
    position.
    Muscles of Mastication

    Figure 10.7a
    Muscles of Mastication

    Figure 10.7b
    Action of muscles during masticatory movements

    • Opening / Depressor jaw muscles


    – mylohyoid / digastric / inferior lateral pterygoid

    • Closing / elevator jaw muscles


    – medial pterygoid / superficial masseter / tempolaris
    THE MUSCLES OF MASTICATION

    COMMON CHARACTERISITICS:
    1. All are inserted to the mandible
    2. All are innervated by the mandibular division of the
    trigeminal nerve
    3. All are concerned un biting and chewing

    FUNCTIONS:
    1. To move the mandible
    2. To secure then stabilize the mandibular positions
    3. To determine the direction of mandibular movements
    MASSETER MUSCLE

    It is a flat quadrangular
    muscle, partly tendinous, partly
    fleshy.
    It overlies the lateral surface
    of the mandibular ramus.
    Superficial part
    ORIGIN: maxillary process of
    zygomatic bone and anterior 2/3 of
    the zygomatic process of the maxilla
    INSERTION: angle of the mandible
    and posterior part of ramus

    Deep part
    ORIGIN: medial aspect of
    the zygomatic arch ACTION: elevate the jaw,
    INSERTION: central and with the superficial fibers
    upper part of ramus as high causing protraction
    as the coronoid
    TEMPORALIS MUSCLE

    It is a large, fan-shaped
    muscle at the sides of the
    head.
    ORIGIN: the floor of temporal
    fossa and temporal fascia

    COURSE: anterior fibers run


    vertically downwards while the
    posterior fibers are almost
    horizontal in position

    INSERTION: the apex and deep


    surface of the coronoid process
    and along the anterior border ACTION: anterior fibers
    of the ramus elevate the mandible,
    while the posterior fibers
    retract the mandible
    LATERAL (or EXTERNAL)
    PTERGOID MUSCLE
    It is a thick and triangular
    muscle with two heads.
    It is the muscle of
    mastication that occupy
    primarily a horizontal
    position.
    ORIGIN: Superior portion –
    infratemporal surface of greater
    wing of sphenoid. Inferior portion
    – lateral surface of lateral
    pterygoid plate

    INSERTION: fibers a re directed


    laterally and backwards into the
    front of the pteygoi plate

    ACTION: depress, proturude and


    move the mandible from side to
    side
    MEDIAL (or INTERNAL)
    PTERYGOID MUSCLE
    It is almost a mirror-like
    image of the masseter
    muscle.
    It is rhomboidal and
    runs practically in the
    same direction on the
    inner surface of the
    mandible
    ORIGIN: medial surface
    of lateral pterygoid plate,
    the posterior surface of
    the tubercle of palatine
    bone and tuberosity of
    maxilla

    INSERTION: pterygoid
    tuberosity

    ACTION: elevates and protracts the mandible. It also


    moves the jaw from side to side when acting singly.
    SPHENOMANDIBULAR MUSCLE

    This is one a part of


    the accessory ligament
    of TMJ, now regarded as
    the 5th muscle of
    mastication. It run
    medial to the TMJ
    ORIGIN: spine of sphenoid bone at the base of the skull

    INSERTION: lingula on the mesial side of the ramus


    Action of muscles during masticatory movements

    • Opening / Depressor jaw muscles


    – mylohyoid / digastric / inferior lateral pterygoid

    • Closing / elevator jaw muscles


    – medial pterygoid / superficial masseter / tempolaris

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