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    Vandaag

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    shilmisahin
    This document contains a summary of a physics lesson on relativity that includes: 1) An introduction to relativity theory and Lorentz transformations that describe how time passes slower and length contracts for moving objects. 2) An explanation of Lorentz transformations and how they show that time passes slower for a person inside a moving train compared to someone outside. 3) A discussion of velocity addition and how Galilean transformations do not work at relativistic speeds, requiring the use of Lorentz transformations instead.

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    Vandaag

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    shilmisahin
    191 views22 pages
    This document contains a summary of a physics lesson on relativity that includes: 1) An introduction to relativity theory and Lorentz transformations that describe how time passes slower and length contracts for moving objects. 2) An explanation of Lorentz transformations and how they show that time passes slower for a person inside a moving train compared to someone outside. 3) A discussion of velocity addition and how Galilean transformations do not work at relativistic speeds, requiring the use of Lorentz transformations instead.

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    This document contains a summary of a physics lesson on relativity that includes: 1) An introduction to relativity theory and Lorentz transformations that describe how time passes slower and length contracts for moving objects. 2) An explanation of Lorentz transformations and how they show that time passes slower for a person inside a moving train compared to someone outside. 3) A discussion of velocity addition and how Galilean transformations do not work at relativistic speeds, requiring the use of Lorentz transformations instead.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    191 views22 pages

    Vandaag

    Uploaded by

    shilmisahin
    This document contains a summary of a physics lesson on relativity that includes: 1) An introduction to relativity theory and Lorentz transformations that describe how time passes slower and length contracts for moving objects. 2) An explanation of Lorentz transformations and how they show that time passes slower for a person inside a moving train compared to someone outside. 3) A discussion of velocity addition and how Galilean transformations do not work at relativistic speeds, requiring the use of Lorentz transformations instead.

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    Vandaag

    • Introduction HL only subject relativity /


    gas transition (20 min)
    • A.2: Lorentztransformation (40 min)
    • A.2: Velocity addition (30 min)
    • Extra practice on A.2 (50 min)
    • Terugblik (5 min)
    HL Only subject: Relativity
    theory (klik)
    HL Only subject: Relativity
    theory (klik)
    Gravitational waves predicted in
    1915!! by einstein and measured now.
    A.2: Lorentz transformation
    How does time become slower and
    length shorter? -> Frame of reference
    Reference Frames

    ► A reference frame is simple a way of representing the position


    and motion of a particle in space. Newton believed that motion
    was constant in all reference frames. Einstein and others showed
    us that this was not so.
    ► In this course will deal with inertial reference frames (non-
    accelerating) motion (you will need to study the much more
    complicated General Theory of Relativity to deal with
    accelerating reference frames)
    ► We live in a 4-dimensional space – time universe … 3 dimensions
    for space and one for time (other dimensions may exist but we
    will ignore them for now.
    A.2: Lorentz transformation
    Person in train:

    Person outside of train:


    A.2: Lorentz transformation

    Time for person inside of train


    goes slower!
    A.2: Lorentz transformation

    Lorentz factor:
    A.2: Lorentz transformation
    With length also something strange
    happens, length becomes shorter!
    Galilean Transformations

    A set of axes can be used to represent the motion of a particular object:

    y
    If the object is moving in the x-
    vt direction with constant velocity,
    then it’s position at different times
    can be shown as a line (vt)

    x
    Galilean Transformations

    Now let’s look at this motion from another point of view (reference
    frame):
    What if our object was actually on a railway car moving a
    constant velocity, v, of towards the right?
    v
    Y
    ’
    X
    ’ In this case some stationary observer would actually
    measure the position of this object to be the sum of the
    railroad’s car velocity and it’s own velocity
    X
    ’ v
    Galilean Transformations

    Galileo knew that you would add the two positions (the object and the rail road
    car’s) to determine the position of the object in your own non-moving reference
    frame.

    x = vt + x’

    These increases in velocities are called boost and there is a relatively simple
    way to describe these changes and they are called Galilean
    Transformations.
    A.2: Lorentz transformation
    A.2: Lorentz transformation
    A.2: Lorentz transformation
    A.2: Lorentz transformation
    A.3: Velocity Addition

    Imagine a spaceship travelling at 0.80c relative to a stationary Bart. The


    spaceship shoots a missile forward at a speed of 0.50c relative to itself as
    measured by those on board the spaceship. What speed would Bart say the
    missile travels at?
    If you use Galilean Physics you would
    get:
    umB = 0.80c + 0.50c = 1.30c
    us = 0.80c um = 0.50c ???

    But this is not possible as the speed of light


    is the maximum speed an object can have!
    uB = Remember Einstein's second postulate.
    0
    Velocity Addition

    In order to solve this dilemma we need to use Lorentz transformations.

    xmB
    UmB =
    tmB
    And from the Lorentz transformations
    equations:

    γ(xs + vts)
    UmB = And by substituting: xs = usts
    v
    γ(ts + x s)
    c 2

    We would get the following


    equation:
    Velocity Addition

    us + v
    umB =
    usv
    1 +
    c
    2

    0.80c + 0.50c
    umB =
    .80c x 0.50 c
    1 +
    c2
    Minus means moving away from
    umB = 0.93 c you.
    At what velocity will an Earthbound
    observer see the canister if it is shot
    directly towards the earth? If it is shot
    directly away from the earth?
    A.2: Questions

    Do questions 1 - 13 + 20-21 from the


    relativity worksheet.

    See files in managebac.

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