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    SLE Applications

    Uploaded by

    Olha Sharapova
    The document discusses solving a one-dimensional thermal conductivity problem using the finite differences method. It describes approximating the differential equation that models the problem at discrete points using finite differences to form a system of linear equations. The system is tridiagonal and can be solved to find approximate values at each point. Taking more points by using a smaller step size h improves the accuracy of the approximations compared to the true solution. An example is provided to illustrate applying the finite differences scheme to solve a specific thermal conductivity problem numerically.

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    SLE Applications

    Uploaded by

    Olha Sharapova
    14 views6 pages
    The document discusses solving a one-dimensional thermal conductivity problem using the finite differences method. It describes approximating the differential equation that models the problem at discrete points using finite differences to form a system of linear equations. The system is tridiagonal and can be solved to find approximate values at each point. Taking more points by using a smaller step size h improves the accuracy of the approximations compared to the true solution. An example is provided to illustrate applying the finite differences scheme to solve a specific thermal conductivity problem numerically.

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    SLE applications

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    The document discusses solving a one-dimensional thermal conductivity problem using the finite differences method. It describes approximating the differential equation that models the problem at discrete points using finite differences to form a system of linear equations. The system is tridiagonal and can be solved to find approximate values at each point. Taking more points by using a smaller step size h improves the accuracy of the approximations compared to the true solution. An example is provided to illustrate applying the finite differences scheme to solve a specific thermal conductivity problem numerically.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    14 views6 pages

    SLE Applications

    Uploaded by

    Olha Sharapova
    The document discusses solving a one-dimensional thermal conductivity problem using the finite differences method. It describes approximating the differential equation that models the problem at discrete points using finite differences to form a system of linear equations. The system is tridiagonal and can be solved to find approximate values at each point. Taking more points by using a smaller step size h improves the accuracy of the approximations compared to the true solution. An example is provided to illustrate applying the finite differences scheme to solve a specific thermal conductivity problem numerically.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Solution of the thermal conductivity problem

    • The mathematical model of many problems consists of solving a differential equation (or
    system of differential equations) with additional conditions.
    • We will examine the solution of one-dimensional thermal conductivity problem with the
    help of numerical methods.
    • A temperature at the point x, i.e. function y(x), of a rod with a length 1 and constant
    temperatures at the ends - degrees A and B, is a solution of the differential equation

    with boundary conditions y(0) = A, y(1) = B.


    • The function p(x) describes the heat conductor properties of a rod, and q(x) and f(x)
    intensity of heat exchange through the surface with the outside.
    • When p(x) > 0 and q(x) ≥ 0, this problem always has a solution (the unique). However,
    we cannot always find it by analytical methods.
    • Special numerical methods are then applied.
    Finite differences method
    • When solving a problem by the finite differences method, a discrete network of the
    problem definition area is formed from separate points (in this case of the rod points).
    • For example, let's form a smooth discrete network with step h:

    • The finite differences method calculates the approximate values yi ​of the searched
    function y(x) at points xi of the discrete network, i.e. we find yi ≈ y(xi), i = 0, .., n.
    • The numerical algorithm is constructed in such a way that taking more and more points
    (i.e. a smaller step h) gives more and more accurate values ​of yi.
    • These values ​are found from a system of linear equations, which is formed as follows: at
    each internal point xi of the discrete network, a linear equation is formed for the unknowns
    yi, by approximating (approximately replacing) the derivatives of the differential equation
    with linear algebraic formulas - finite differences.
    • The boundary conditions are approximated at the edge points of the network.
    Finite differences
    • Remember the definition of a derivative:

    • We can then approximate the value of the derivative (approximately change) with the help of
    a finite difference:

    • This derivative approximation is called the right-hand difference. Using Taylor series it can be
    proved that its error

    • Left difference and its error:

    • Central difference and its error:


    Finite differences scheme
    • The approximation of the second order derivative is obtained as follows:

    • Its error:

    • We return to the solution of the thermal conductivity problem. For simplicity, let us first
    take p(x) = 1, q(x) = 1.
    • We approximate the differential problem at the network points by linear system of
    equations (also called the finite differences scheme) for the unknowns yi, i = 0, .., n:

    • Note that the system matrix is ​tridiagonal and can be quickly solved by the tridiagonal
    matrix algorithm!
    Finite differences scheme
    • We approximate the term of the thermal conductivity equation (p(x)y')' at the network
    points xi as follows:

    • Then we approximate the differential problem at the network points regard to the
    unknowns yi, i = 0, .., n, with such a finite differences scheme:

    • Matrix of the system is tridiagonal. Notice that we approximate the derivative at the
    internal points of the network, i.e. replace it with an approximate values. What errors |y(xi) -
    yi|, i = 0, .., n, can we expect?
    Example of solving the problem of thermal conductivity
    • Let's take p(x) = 1 + x, q(x) = 1, f(x) = -(1+ x) and A = 1, B = e:

    • According to the created finite differences scheme with steps h = 0.25 and h = 0.125 we get
    a tridiagonal system of equations that we can solve by tridiagonal matrix algorithm. In the
    following table we compare the approximate values yi obtained using steps h = 0.25 and h =
    0.125 with the exact known (in this case) solution y(x) =

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