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    Cartilage

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    fgr
    This document summarizes the different types of cartilage tissue. It describes hyaline cartilage as a specialized connective tissue composed primarily of an extracellular matrix containing collagen II, proteoglycans, and water. Hyaline cartilage is found in joints where it provides a low friction surface and distributes forces to underlying bone. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers that give it pliability and resilience, and is found in the ear. Fibrocartilage contains both collagen I and II and is located where tendons attach to bone.

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    Cartilage

    Uploaded by

    fgr
    100 views30 pages
    This document summarizes the different types of cartilage tissue. It describes hyaline cartilage as a specialized connective tissue composed primarily of an extracellular matrix containing collagen II, proteoglycans, and water. Hyaline cartilage is found in joints where it provides a low friction surface and distributes forces to underlying bone. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers that give it pliability and resilience, and is found in the ear. Fibrocartilage contains both collagen I and II and is located where tendons attach to bone.

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    This document summarizes the different types of cartilage tissue. It describes hyaline cartilage as a specialized connective tissue composed primarily of an extracellular matrix containing collagen II, proteoglycans, and water. Hyaline cartilage is found in joints where it provides a low friction surface and distributes forces to underlying bone. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers that give it pliability and resilience, and is found in the ear. Fibrocartilage contains both collagen I and II and is located where tendons attach to bone.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    100 views30 pages

    Cartilage

    Uploaded by

    fgr
    This document summarizes the different types of cartilage tissue. It describes hyaline cartilage as a specialized connective tissue composed primarily of an extracellular matrix containing collagen II, proteoglycans, and water. Hyaline cartilage is found in joints where it provides a low friction surface and distributes forces to underlying bone. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers that give it pliability and resilience, and is found in the ear. Fibrocartilage contains both collagen I and II and is located where tendons attach to bone.

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    Cartilage tissue

    Overview
     Specialized form of connective tissue
     Avascular
     95% ECM
     Solid firm but pliable
     Large ratio of GAGs to collagen II permits diffusion and
    maintain viability
     Contrasting biophysical characteristics between
     Tension resisting collagen fibrils
     And the heavily hydrated proteoglycans
     Chondrocytes
    Overview
     Types in terms of morphology and biomechanical
    properties on the basis of ECM
     Hyaline cartilage
     Collagen II, GAGs/proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins
     Elastic cartilage
     Hyaline composition + elastic fibers and lamellae
     Fibrocartilage
     Hyaline composition + collagen I
    Hyaline cartilage
     Homogenous amorphous material
     Glassy
     Chondrocytes/lacunae
     Produce the ECM
     Low friction surface
     In joints
     Lubrication
     Distribution of forces to the underlying bone
    Hyaline cartilage; ECM
     Collagen
     Thin and short fibrils
     Type II (the vast majority)
     Cartilage specific collagen molecules
     IX, XI, X, and VI
    Hyaline cartilage; ECM
     Proteoglycans
     Aggrecan
     Each molecule = 100 Chondroitin and 60 keratan sulfate + core
    protein
     Large negative charge due to sulfate groups
     Thus high affinity to water
     Proteoglycan aggregates
     1 hyaluronan molecule bound to more than 300 aggrecan
    molecules by link proteins
     Bound to the collagen fibrils by electrostatic interactions and
    multiadhesive glycoproteins
     Unique biomechanical properties
    Hyaline cartilage; ECM
     Multiadhesive glycoproteins
     Influence the interaction between the chondrocytes and
    the matrix molecules
    Hyaline cartilage; ECM
     60-80% of the ECM is water
     Water bound tightly to the proteoglycan aggregates
     Biomechanics during movement and when subjected
    to pressure
    Hyaline cartilage; chondrocytes
     Produce and maintain the ECM
     Single or in groups “isogenous groups”
     Morphology
     LM
     TEM
    Hyaline cartilage
     Types of matrix in terms of staining properties and
    composition
     Capsular (pericellular) matrix
     Territorial matrix
     Interterritorial matrix
     Decreased proteoglycans with aging
     A model for the developing fetal skeleton
     Epiphyseal growth plate
    Hyaline cartilage
     Localization in adults
     Joint surfaces
     Costal cartilage
     Larynx nose and tracheobronchial tree
    The perichondrium
     Dense irregular connective tissue
     Outer fibrous layer
     Inner cellular layer, the source of new cartilage cells
     Hyaline articular cartilage (2-5 mm thickness) has no
    perichondrium
    Elastic cartilage
     Dense network of branching anastomosing elastic
    fibers and interconnecting lamellae
     Pliability and resilience
     Locations
     External ear and meatus, Eustachian tube and the
    epiglottis
     Does not calcify during aging (in contrast to hyaline
    type)
     Surrounded by perichondrium
    Fibrocartilage
     Combined dense regular CT and hyaline cartilage
     Chondrocytes, single, in rows and as isogenous
    groups
     No perichondrium
     Less cartilage matrix
     Both chondrocyte and fibroblast
    Fibrocartilage
     Localization
     Intervertebral discs
     Pubic symphysis
     Articular discs of sternoclavicular and temporomandibular
    joints
     Menisci of the knee joint
     Triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist
     Where tendons attached to the bone
     Both collagen I and II
    Growth
     Interstitial growth
    early stages of formation
    epiphyseal plates articular
    cartilage in other
    regions less important
     Apposition growth
    starting from perichondrium

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