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Cartilage

This document summarizes the different types of cartilage tissue. It describes hyaline cartilage as a specialized connective tissue composed primarily of an extracellular matrix containing collagen II, proteoglycans, and water. Hyaline cartilage is found in joints where it provides a low friction surface and distributes forces to underlying bone. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers that give it pliability and resilience, and is found in the ear. Fibrocartilage contains both collagen I and II and is located where tendons attach to bone.

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104 views

Cartilage

This document summarizes the different types of cartilage tissue. It describes hyaline cartilage as a specialized connective tissue composed primarily of an extracellular matrix containing collagen II, proteoglycans, and water. Hyaline cartilage is found in joints where it provides a low friction surface and distributes forces to underlying bone. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers that give it pliability and resilience, and is found in the ear. Fibrocartilage contains both collagen I and II and is located where tendons attach to bone.

Uploaded by

fgr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cartilage tissue

Overview
 Specialized form of connective tissue
 Avascular
 95% ECM
 Solid firm but pliable
 Large ratio of GAGs to collagen II permits diffusion and
maintain viability
 Contrasting biophysical characteristics between
 Tension resisting collagen fibrils
 And the heavily hydrated proteoglycans
 Chondrocytes
Overview
 Types in terms of morphology and biomechanical
properties on the basis of ECM
 Hyaline cartilage
 Collagen II, GAGs/proteoglycans and multiadhesive glycoproteins
 Elastic cartilage
 Hyaline composition + elastic fibers and lamellae
 Fibrocartilage
 Hyaline composition + collagen I
Hyaline cartilage
 Homogenous amorphous material
 Glassy
 Chondrocytes/lacunae
 Produce the ECM
 Low friction surface
 In joints
 Lubrication
 Distribution of forces to the underlying bone
Hyaline cartilage; ECM
 Collagen
 Thin and short fibrils
 Type II (the vast majority)
 Cartilage specific collagen molecules
 IX, XI, X, and VI
Hyaline cartilage; ECM
 Proteoglycans
 Aggrecan
 Each molecule = 100 Chondroitin and 60 keratan sulfate + core
protein
 Large negative charge due to sulfate groups
 Thus high affinity to water
 Proteoglycan aggregates
 1 hyaluronan molecule bound to more than 300 aggrecan
molecules by link proteins
 Bound to the collagen fibrils by electrostatic interactions and
multiadhesive glycoproteins
 Unique biomechanical properties
Hyaline cartilage; ECM
 Multiadhesive glycoproteins
 Influence the interaction between the chondrocytes and
the matrix molecules
Hyaline cartilage; ECM
 60-80% of the ECM is water
 Water bound tightly to the proteoglycan aggregates
 Biomechanics during movement and when subjected
to pressure
Hyaline cartilage; chondrocytes
 Produce and maintain the ECM
 Single or in groups “isogenous groups”
 Morphology
 LM
 TEM
Hyaline cartilage
 Types of matrix in terms of staining properties and
composition
 Capsular (pericellular) matrix
 Territorial matrix
 Interterritorial matrix
 Decreased proteoglycans with aging
 A model for the developing fetal skeleton
 Epiphyseal growth plate
Hyaline cartilage
 Localization in adults
 Joint surfaces
 Costal cartilage
 Larynx nose and tracheobronchial tree
The perichondrium
 Dense irregular connective tissue
 Outer fibrous layer
 Inner cellular layer, the source of new cartilage cells
 Hyaline articular cartilage (2-5 mm thickness) has no
perichondrium
Elastic cartilage
 Dense network of branching anastomosing elastic
fibers and interconnecting lamellae
 Pliability and resilience
 Locations
 External ear and meatus, Eustachian tube and the
epiglottis
 Does not calcify during aging (in contrast to hyaline
type)
 Surrounded by perichondrium
Fibrocartilage
 Combined dense regular CT and hyaline cartilage
 Chondrocytes, single, in rows and as isogenous
groups
 No perichondrium
 Less cartilage matrix
 Both chondrocyte and fibroblast
Fibrocartilage
 Localization
 Intervertebral discs
 Pubic symphysis
 Articular discs of sternoclavicular and temporomandibular
joints
 Menisci of the knee joint
 Triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist
 Where tendons attached to the bone
 Both collagen I and II
Growth
 Interstitial growth
early stages of formation
epiphyseal plates articular
cartilage in other
regions less important
 Apposition growth
starting from perichondrium

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