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    Water Influx

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    Taha Sarti
    The document discusses water influx into hydrocarbon reservoirs from surrounding aquifers. It classifies aquifer systems based on the degree of pressure maintenance, outer boundary conditions, and flow regimes. The classifications include active/partial/limited water drive and finite/infinite systems. Flow regimes include steady-state, semi-steady state, and unsteady state. Common water influx models are also outlined, including the Carter-Tracy unsteady state model which is demonstrated through an example calculation.

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    Water Influx

    Uploaded by

    Taha Sarti
    35 views13 pages
    The document discusses water influx into hydrocarbon reservoirs from surrounding aquifers. It classifies aquifer systems based on the degree of pressure maintenance, outer boundary conditions, and flow regimes. The classifications include active/partial/limited water drive and finite/infinite systems. Flow regimes include steady-state, semi-steady state, and unsteady state. Common water influx models are also outlined, including the Carter-Tracy unsteady state model which is demonstrated through an example calculation.

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    The document discusses water influx into hydrocarbon reservoirs from surrounding aquifers. It classifies aquifer systems based on the degree of pressure maintenance, outer boundary conditions, and flow regimes. The classifications include active/partial/limited water drive and finite/infinite systems. Flow regimes include steady-state, semi-steady state, and unsteady state. Common water influx models are also outlined, including the Carter-Tracy unsteady state model which is demonstrated through an example calculation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views13 pages

    Water Influx

    Uploaded by

    Taha Sarti
    The document discusses water influx into hydrocarbon reservoirs from surrounding aquifers. It classifies aquifer systems based on the degree of pressure maintenance, outer boundary conditions, and flow regimes. The classifications include active/partial/limited water drive and finite/infinite systems. Flow regimes include steady-state, semi-steady state, and unsteady state. Common water influx models are also outlined, including the Carter-Tracy unsteady state model which is demonstrated through an example calculation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    ‫‪Water Influx‬‬

    ‫مقدم من الطالب ‪ :‬طه مصباح سرطي‬

    ‫تحت إشراف الدكتورة ‪:‬خلود إرحومة‬


    Introduction

    Nearly all hydrocarbon reservoirs are surrounded by


    water-bearing rocks called aquifers.
    These aquifers may be substantially larger than the oil
    or gas reservoirs they adjoin as to appear infinite in
    size, or they may be so small in size as to be negligible
    in their effect on reservoir performance.
    CLASSIFICATION OF AQUIFERS

    Reservoir-aquifer systems are commonly classified on the basis


    of:
     Degree of pressure maintenance
     Outer boundary conditions
     Flow regimes
     Flow geometries
    Degree of Pressure Maintenance

    Based on the degree of the reservoir pressure maintenance provided by


    the aquifer, the natural water drive is often qualitatively described as:
     Active water drive
     Partial water drive
     Limited water drive
    Outer Boundary Conditions

     Infinite system indicates that the effect of the pressure


    changes at the oil/aquifer boundary can never be felt at the
    outer boundary.

     Finite system indicates that the aquifer outer limit is


    affected by the influx into the oil zone and that the
    pressure at this outer limit changes with time.
    Flow Regimes

    There are basically three flow regimes that influence the rate of water influx
    into the reservoir those flow regimes are:

     Steady-state
     Semi-steady (pseudo-steady)-state
     Unsteady-state
    Flow Geometries
    Reservoir-aquifer systems can be classified on the basis of
    flow geometry as:
     Edge-water drive
     Bottom-water drive
     Linear-water drive
    WATER INFLUX MODELS
     Pot aquifer
     Schilthuis’ steady-state
     Hurst’s modified steady-state
     The van Everdingen-Hurst unsteady-state
     Edge-water drive
     Bottom-water drive
     The Carter-Tracy unsteady-state
     Fetkovich’s method
     Radial aquifer
     Linear aquifer
    Solving Example Using The Carter-Tracy
    unsteady-state
    The initial and current reservoir pressures are 2500 and 2490 psi,
    respectively.
    The reservoir-aquifer system has the following properties.

    Aquifer Reservoir Data


    ∞ 2000 Radius (ft)
    25 20 h (ft)
    100 50 K (md)
    20 15 Ø%
    0.7x10-6 1x10-6 Cw (psi-1 )
    0.3x10-6 2x10-6 Cf (psi-1 )
    Boundary pressure, psi Time, months
    2500 0
    2490 6
    2472 12
    2444 18
    2408 24

    Step(1): Determine water influx constant B


    B=1.119Ø Ct re2 h
    B=1.119x0.2x(0.7+0.3)x10-6 x20002 x25 = 22.38 bbl/psi
    Step(2): Calculate the dimensionless time tD
    tD = 6.328x10-3
    tD = 6.328x10-3 = 0.98875t
    Step(3): For each time step (n), calculate the total pressure drop ∆Pn=Pi-Pn and the
    corresponding tD
    tD =0.98875t ∆Pn Pn Time(days) n
    0 0 2500 0 0
    180.44 10 2490 182.5 1
    360.893 28 2472 365 2
    541.34 56 2444 547.5 3
    721.7875 92 2408 730 4

    Step(4): Since values of tD are greater than 100 by using Equations below to calculate PD and
    its derivative P’D
    pD=0.5[ln(tD)+0.80907] and p'D =1/(2tD)
    P‘D x10-3 PD tD =0.98875t t (days) n
    - - 0 0 0
    2.771 3.002 180.44 182.5 1
    1.385 3.488 360.893 365 2
    0.923 3.551 541.34 547.5 3
    0.693 3.695 721.787 730 4
    Step(5): Calculate cumulative water influx by applying Equation
    (We)n=(We)n−1+[(tD )n−(tD)n−1]
    We after 182.5 days:
    (We)n= 0+[180.44−0] = 13451 bbl
    We after 365 days:
    (We)n= 13451+[360.893−180.44]= 47334bbl
    We after 547.5 days:
    (We)n=47334+[541.34−360.893]=115163bbl
    We after 730 days:
    (We)n=115163+[721.787−541.34]= 222737bbl
     The following table shown results of the Carter-Tracy water influx calculations
    method at the end of 6, 12, 18, and 24 months:

    We bbls Time (months)


    0 0
    13451 6
    47334 12
    115163 18
    222737 24

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