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    PPP Noam Chomsky 2023

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    Milagros Lucero
    Chomsky criticized structuralism and behaviorism in his theory of language. [1] He argued that structuralism could not fully account for syntax and that behaviorism focused too much on performance rather than underlying linguistic competence. [2] Chomsky developed the mentalist notion that language is based on internal rules and structures rooted in human nature rather than external habits or conditioning. [3] He viewed competence as the more important concept for understanding language over performance.

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    PPP Noam Chomsky 2023

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    Milagros Lucero
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    Chomsky criticized structuralism and behaviorism in his theory of language. [1] He argued that structuralism could not fully account for syntax and that behaviorism focused too much on performance rather than underlying linguistic competence. [2] Chomsky developed the mentalist notion that language is based on internal rules and structures rooted in human nature rather than external habits or conditioning. [3] He viewed competence as the more important concept for understanding language over performance.

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    PPP_NOAM_CHOMSKY_2023 (1)

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    Chomsky criticized structuralism and behaviorism in his theory of language. [1] He argued that structuralism could not fully account for syntax and that behaviorism focused too much on performance rather than underlying linguistic competence. [2] Chomsky developed the mentalist notion that language is based on internal rules and structures rooted in human nature rather than external habits or conditioning. [3] He viewed competence as the more important concept for understanding language over performance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    34 views8 pages

    PPP Noam Chomsky 2023

    Uploaded by

    Milagros Lucero
    Chomsky criticized structuralism and behaviorism in his theory of language. [1] He argued that structuralism could not fully account for syntax and that behaviorism focused too much on performance rather than underlying linguistic competence. [2] Chomsky developed the mentalist notion that language is based on internal rules and structures rooted in human nature rather than external habits or conditioning. [3] He viewed competence as the more important concept for understanding language over performance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 8

    NOAM CHOMSKY

    FERDINAND DE SAUSSURE NOAM CHOMSKY

    💡
    • was trained in STRUCTURALIST theory, but
    then, he criticized it.
    • developed MENTALIST notion of language.
    Chomsky’s notions against the behavioural view of language:
     Even though Structuralism is useful for collecting language and describing language constituents, it is not robust enough to account for syntax.
     Behaviourism focuses on actual speech or PERFORMANCE. But, for Chomsky, performance is only the tip of the iceberg of linguistic
    COMPETENCE.
    Extra information: The Behavioural Theory establishes that language, as a BEHAVIOUR, is a set of habits acquired by operant conditioning and
    reinforcement. It is ascribed to Skinner, among others. (It made contributions on TESL such as the AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD). CHOMSKY
    OPPOSED TO THIS THEORY.
    In his own words,…
    COMPARISON: STRUCTURALIST AND MENTALIST CONCEPTS
    SYSTEM OF Underlying mental processes Internal set of linguistic rules

    COMPETENCE

    I-LANGUAGE
    LA LANGUE
    FORMS. Hoard that we carry out in our that children develop over
    deposited by the production of language. their early years. RULE-
    practice of speech Mentalists generate syntax to GOVERNED NOTION OF
    in the same explain those mental LANGUAGE
    community and processes.
    gramatical
    system. A
    collective social
    Actual use of Actual use of language by External language. It is

    PERFORMANC

    E-LANGUAGE
    E
    LA PAROLE

    product
    LANGUAGE BY indvidual speakers. incomplete, messy,
    INDIVIDUAL especially in informal
    SPEAKERS who conversation.
    belong to the same
    community.

    – For mentalists, Competence (La Langue) is more important to focus on rather than Performance (La Parole) as
    structuralists do.
    – For Mentalists, Competence (later called I- Language) consists of well-formed sentences according to syntactic rules
    of language while Performance (later called E- Language) is incomplete and messy. It is not robust enough to account
    for syntax.
    A “FORMAL” THEORY OF LANGUAGE
    (Middle 20th C.)
    • His theory of language is focused on mental structures rather than
    actual performance. Thus, his theory was called “FORMAL.“.

    • Mentalists define language as a mental


    repository of rules that organize
    linguistic elements that humans have
    since we are born.
    SYNTACTIC RULES MAKE TRANSPARENT THE KNOWLEDGE THAT WE
    HAVE IN OUR MENTAL REPOSITORY. LET CHOMSKY GIVE US AN
    EXAMPLE.
    In the second 0:48, why does Chomsky compare syntax in
    language with canvas in works of art?
    A. Because art and language are not human inventions.
    B. Because both represent frameworks or conventions in which
    humans construct either art or language.
    C. Because syntax and canvas are not important since art and
    language are not created on the bases of mental structures.
    D. Because art and language are produced by training.

    TRANSCRIPT: (0:48) After all, painting a piece of canvas that


    has a boundary, (…) that itself imposes a framework that
    determines the kind of art that you can produce. (…)
    Everything, from the structure of a novel to the metric character
    of a poem form, is one and another human invention. (…) 
    (2:01)The formal structure itself imposes a challenge to
    intelligence. Painting randomly is not a work of art, but when it
    is done within the framework of a humanly constructed system
    of rules, still you have the prerequisites for a work of art. 
    ACCORDING TO MENTALISTS,WHY CAN HUMAN BEINGS SPEAK? READ THE TRANSCRIPT AND COMPLETE
    IT WITH THE KEY WORDS IN THE BOX. THEN, WATCH THE VIDEO AND CHECK YOUR ANWERS
    Train - internal structure -
    Rooted in our nature - uniformly -

    • The human mind is a very marvellous thing. It’s got an


    extremely intricate and complex structure (…) little hints
    here and there succeeded in evoking in us very rich
    experience and interpretation. And, what’s more, it’s done
    surprisingly ____________ for different people. (…) And
    we don’t have to ___________ people to do this. So,
    somehow, the only logical possibility, aside from angels or
    acts of God, is something ___________________.
    Qualitatively speaking, these phenomena are very much
    like physical growth. (… )The nutrition that is given to an
    embryo is not what determines that it is going to be a
    human or a bird. What determines that it’s going to be a
    human or a bird is something about its
    ___________________. And what determines that we are
    going to be the kind of creature that can speak, that can
    interpret a sign or a line or something evoking emotional
    experience or whatever, that’s something in our nature.
    ADDITIONAL NOTES: CHOMSKY & COMPUTER TECNOLOGY

    • Chomskyan mentalist theory


    developed at the same time as
    computer technology.
    • It added a new dimension to the
    study of syntax.

    • A desire to make machines able to


    replicate the ability of humans to
    produce language.
    • Nowadays, Computational
    Linguistics is trying to make it
    possible. For more information look
    up: Natural Language Processing

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