Islam

ISLAM
ISLAM
 Youngest among the world’s major religions
 Established around 7th Century C.E.
 Second largest next to Christianity
 Fast growing religions in the world, more
than 2 billion adherents
MUSLIMS
 The followers of Islam
 Asia, Africa
 49 countries in the world
 Muslim majority or comprise 50% of the
population
ISLAM
 Taken from an Arabic word meaning
“submit”
 “Surrender or submit oneself for obedience to
God”
 Enter into a condition of peace and security
with God through allegiance and surrender to
Him.
MUSLIM
 An Arabic term for a person
who submits
 Person who surrenders or
submits himself to obey God
ALLAH
 Compound of al and ilah
 The words signify “God”
 The one who is God
 Arabian desert people, early 7th
Century C.E.
 Developed their own set of beliefs
 Byzantine Christianity, Judaism,
Zoroastrianism
JUDEA
 Considered as the home of
Christianity
 Located not too far away from
Arabia
 Damascus, Antioch,
Alexandria were neighbors to
Mecca, Medina
BYZANTINE RULERS
 Antagonized the Arab Christians

provided the momentum for their
acceptance of a new Arab religion
ISLAM
Started with the
establishment of
ISLAM
ISLAM
Arab people were also
familiar with the
Judaism
 Several desert tribes were Jewish in
origin
 622 C.E. Muslim forces entered
Medina
 Many citizens of the city were
Jewish
MUSLIMS
 May have been in contact with the
Persian Zoroastrians
 Its influence may be not as strong
compared to CHRISTIANITY,
JUDAISM
SUBDIVISION
S
SUNNI
 Are the traditionalists and
are considered the
Orthodox of Islam.
SHI’A
 Are the largest faction within
the Islam religion that
separated from the rest of the
community.
SUFI
 Whose concern mainly
dwell for a mystical union
with God.
MUHAMMAD IBN
ABDULLAH
 Around the year 570 C.E.
 Clan of Hashim of the
Quraysh tribe
MUHAMMAD IBN
ABDULLAH
 Muhammad’s father died
before he was born
 His mother died before he
was 6 years old
MUHAMMAD IBN
ABDULLAH
 Raised by his grandfather ABD
AL-MUTTALIB
 Paternal uncle and chief of the
Quraysh tribe ABU TALIB
MUHAMMAD IBN
ABDULLAH
 He has no formal schooling
 He worked as a camel driver
 That traverse across the Arabian
Peninsula
MUHAMMAD IBN
ABDULLAH
 Arabian Peninsula, Byzantine
cities
 Christians, Jews, and
Zoroastrians
BELIEF SYSTEM
BELIEF SYSTEM
 Animistic practices
 Numerous gods and
idols
BELIEF SYSTEM
 Mount HIRA near

Mecca in search of truth
about God
KHADIJA
 Muhammad later
married older wealthy
widow
 15 years his senior
MUHAMMAD
 Began hearing the voice of God
 Just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz
 Around the year 610 C.E.
 Divine Revelations
MUHAMMAD
 Delivered by the angel Gabriel
 He was now preaching a new order
 Built upon God’s will
 Human submission to this belief
SACRED
SCRIPTURES
QURAN(OR KURAN IN ENGLISH
 That literally means recitation

or reading is the sacred
writing of the Muslim.
HADITH
 Is the collected deeds and sayings of
Muhammad and his followers
(traditional reports or sayings) and
considered as the second source of
Shari’a Law.
BELIEFS
BELIEFS
 God has to send several prophets,
including Musa (Moses) and ‘Isa (Jesus),
to summon people back to the din as a
result of human rebellion and
transgression.
BELIEFS
 If one wants to convert to Islam religion,
one must only utter the statement “There
is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah” in the presence of
the two witnesses.
BELIEFS
 By affirming this declaration of faith and
accepting the duties as required under
the Islamic laws, a person can now
become part of the fastest growing
religion in the world.
FIVE PILLARS OF
ISLAM
 Or the arkan al-din is considered as the most
important obligations of Muslims.
 Variations may occur in the interpretation of
Islam law, all Muslims believe and accept the
entirely of these obligations.
FIVE PILLARS OF
ISLAM
 It must be strictly observed to avoid
being sent to hell on the Judgment Day.
 The Five Pillars give structure and unity
to all believers of Islam.
SHAHADA (The Creed)
 The basic creed of Islam that there is no God
but Allah; Muhammad is the messenger of
Allah is known as shahada.
 Shahada in Arabic is recited as “La ilaha illa
Allah; Muhammadon rasul Allah.
SHAHADA (The Creed)
 These are considered as the very first words utter
into an infant’s ear and could also be the last word
given to a dying Muslim.
 This creed asserts that Allah is the only divinity
and that he has relayed his will through
Muhammad.
SALAT (Obligatory Prayer)
 Muslims must offer prayers or salat five
times each and every day before sunrise,
noon, mid-afternoon, immediately after
sunset, and before midnight facing in the
direction of Mecca or qiblah
SALAT (Obligatory Prayer)
 Each prayer session starts when the
strong-voiced muezzin or caller
recites the prayer from the tallest
point of a mosque.
SAWM (Fasting)
 Fasting or sawm during the entire 30
days of Ramadan, the ninth month of
the Islamic calendar must be
performed by all Muslims every year
SAWM (Fasting)
 Sawm was done by all Muslims to
express their obedience to Allah and
the readiness to give up life’s
pleasures.
SAWM (Fasting)
 By venturing to this, they valued discipline
and experience the deprivation of the poor.
 During this time, they must refrain from
eating, drinking, smoking, and engaging in
any sexual intimacy from dusk until dawn.
ZAKAT (Poor Tax)
 Muslims who live above the subsistence level must
pay zakat or the poor tax to aid the unprivileged
Muslim.
 It is not a charity but an annual wealth tax that
serves as just and lawful claim of the poor against
the affluent ones.
HAJJ (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
 At least once in their lifetime during the twelfth

Islamic month, all Muslims must attempt to
undertake a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca
or hajj.
 The Grand Mosque (Al-Masjid al-Haram) in
Mecca houses the most sacred site of Islam, the
Kaaba “House of Allah”.
HAJJ (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
 The adherents of Islam believed that the Kaaba

was originally built for the worship of God by
Abraham and his son Ishmael.
 This sacred place represents the end of a journey
because it is the symbolic point of origin of all
creation wherein all things turn around it and from
it all things radiate.
SELECTED ISSUES
ISLAM AND WOMEN
 The role of women in the Muslim societies is considered

as a complicated subject since their rights differ greatly
within the Islamic nations. At times, they may experience
harsh restrictions in terms of legal rights and employment
opportunities but towards the 20th century they emerged as
great leaders in some Asian countries.
JIHAD
 This means effort or struggle to convince

unbelievers to pursue the Muslim way of life. It
remained to be a vague issue especially now that
the Arab nations have been less than apprehensive
to commit to war as unified Muslims against the
non-Muslims.
MILITANCY AND
TERRORISM
 Terrorism in all its forms are condemned by
Muslims because Islam is a religion of peace and
mercy. Promotion of violence and mass slaughter
of innocent and helpless individuals do not
embody the religion’s ideals. A person submitting
himself to terrorism is guilty and accountable for
violating the Islamic law.
MIGRATION
 This started in the late 19th Century where Muslims

from the Arabian nations of Jordan, Lebanon, and
Syria moves to USA. After the Second World War,
European countries encouraged emigration from
former colonies to augment manpower shortages.
Key Points
 The history of Islam is closely linked with the life

story of Muhammad who is recognized by the
Muslim as the seat of the prophets.
 Quran is considered as the scared scripture of
Islam and it literally means recitation or reading.
Key Points
 The basic obligations of Muslims are

called the Five Pillars of Islam.
 The major subdivisions of Islam
include Sunni, Shi’a and Sufi.
Check Point
Direction: Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer.
 1. The basic obligations of Muslims

also known as “arkan al-din”.
 A. Five Pillars B. Fiqh C. Hadith D.
Ihram
Check Point
correct answer.
 2. He is considered by the Muslims as

messenger and the last prophet sent by God
to humankind who was visited by the ange
Gabriel.
 A. Abraham B. Elohim C. Muhammad D.
Yahweh
Check Point
correct answer.
 3. The basic creed of Islam that there is

no God but Allah; Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah”
 A. Hajj B. Salat C. Shahada D. Zakat
Check Point
correct answer.
 4. The largest faction within the

Islam religion that separated from
the rest of the community.
 A. Shariah B. Shi’a C. Sufi D. Sunni
Check Point
correct answer.
 5. The ninth month of the Islamic

calendar wherein Muslims are expected
to observe sawm.
 A. Muharram B. Rabi al-Awai C.
Ramadan D. Shawwal
Correct Answers:
 1. A
 2. C
 3. C
 4. B
 5. C

Islam

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ISLAM

 Antagonized the Arab Christians

 Mount HIRA near

 That literally means recitation

 At least once in their lifetime during the twelfth

 The adherents of Islam believed that the Kaaba

 The role of women in the Muslim societies is considered

 This means effort or struggle to convince

 This started in the late 19th Century where Muslims

 The history of Islam is closely linked with the life

 The basic obligations of Muslims are

 1. The basic obligations of Muslims

 2. He is considered by the Muslims as

 3. The basic creed of Islam that there is

 4. The largest faction within the

 5. The ninth month of the Islamic

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