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    Group Seminar On Desalter

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    inderdip
    1. Desalting removes impurities like water, salts, sediments and metals from crude oil to prevent corrosion and fouling in refineries. 2. The desalting process involves heating the crude oil, mixing it with water and chemicals to form an emulsion, then separating the water and contaminants from the oil using settling, electrical fields or chemical demulsifiers. 3. Desalter efficiency is important and affected by factors like crude oil properties, operating temperature, wash water quality, and electrical field intensity during the desalting process.

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    Group Seminar On Desalter

    Uploaded by

    inderdip
    827 views21 pages
    1. Desalting removes impurities like water, salts, sediments and metals from crude oil to prevent corrosion and fouling in refineries. 2. The desalting process involves heating the crude oil, mixing it with water and chemicals to form an emulsion, then separating the water and contaminants from the oil using settling, electrical fields or chemical demulsifiers. 3. Desalter efficiency is important and affected by factors like crude oil properties, operating temperature, wash water quality, and electrical field intensity during the desalting process.

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    ppt about petroleum desalter science

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    Group Seminar on Desalter

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    1. Desalting removes impurities like water, salts, sediments and metals from crude oil to prevent corrosion and fouling in refineries. 2. The desalting process involves heating the crude oil, mixing it with water and chemicals to form an emulsion, then separating the water and contaminants from the oil using settling, electrical fields or chemical demulsifiers. 3. Desalter efficiency is important and affected by factors like crude oil properties, operating temperature, wash water quality, and electrical field intensity during the desalting process.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    827 views21 pages

    Group Seminar On Desalter

    Uploaded by

    inderdip
    1. Desalting removes impurities like water, salts, sediments and metals from crude oil to prevent corrosion and fouling in refineries. 2. The desalting process involves heating the crude oil, mixing it with water and chemicals to form an emulsion, then separating the water and contaminants from the oil using settling, electrical fields or chemical demulsifiers. 3. Desalter efficiency is important and affected by factors like crude oil properties, operating temperature, wash water quality, and electrical field intensity during the desalting process.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    TOPIC

    1. 2.

    3.

    Importance of Desalting Operating Principles of Desalting Desalter efficiency and its significance
    Submitted by:

    Inderdip Shere Suma Shettigar Suraj Shah Shraddha Potdukhe

    IMPORTANCE OF DESALTING

    WHAT IS DESALTING?

    Removal of impurities from crude oil.

    Contaminants are broadly classified into: 1. Water 2. Salts 3. Bottom sediments 4. Trace metals

    PROBLEMS DUE TO CONTAMINANTS


    Corrosion Damages refinery tower trays, pumps , lines and valves Scaling in preheat exchangers Poisoning of catalysts Excessive down time

    MERITS OF DESALTING
    Removes contaminants Prevents corrosion and fouling Saves energy Reduces maintenance Increases the capacity of CDU Stabilizes the operation

    TYPES OF DESALTING

    Single stage Double stage

    TWO STAGE DESALTER FLOW DIAGRAM


    RAW CRUD E

    TO At mos Colum n

    HOT TRAIN EXCHANGERS

    RAW CHARGE PUMP


    COLD TRAIN
    MIX VAL E V

    1ST STAGE

    2ND STAGE

    MIX VAL E V

    WASH WATER TO FIRS T STAGE

    WASH WATER PUM P

    BRINE EXCHANGE R

    CRUDE WATE R MIX TURE

    METHODS

    Settling
    of chemicals

    Addition

    Electrical

    desalting

    STEPS:
    Heating Mixing: emulsion Settling

    CHEMICAL ADDITION

    The Desalter removes contaminants from crude oil by first emulsifying the crude oil with chemicals and wash water to promote thorough contact of the water and oil. The salts containing some of the metals that can poison catalysts are dissolved in the water phase. After the oil has been washed and mixed as an emulsion of oil and water, demulsifying chemicals are then added. Solids present in the crude will accumulate in the bottom of the desalter vessel.

    ELECTRICAL DESALTERS
    Forming an emulsion Demulsification process:breaking of emulsion is accomplished by coalescing the small particles of emulsion.

    When emulsion is made to pass through an electric field:


    The particles of water become polarized Orientation. Random collision resulting in Settling

    Electrical Coalescence

    Dipole Coalescence
    +++ ++ +

    ---+++ ++ +

    Force of Attraction

    ----

    F = K E2 r6/a4

    Where: K = Dielectric constant of oil E = Voltage gradient r = Droplet radius a = Distance between

    SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM OF ELECTRICAL DESALTING PROCESS


    Electrical power Desalted crude oil

    Desalter Pressure water

    Crude oil Heat exchanger Mixing valve

    Effluen t water

    Heated to temp in the range 120-130 oC Water is added to the crude stream and passed through a mixing valve. The emulsified crude oil is subjected to high voltage (20000 to 24000 volts) electric field.

    OPTIMUM PRESSURE FOR DESALTER

    FACTORS THAT AFFECT DESALTER OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE


    Crude Oil Feed Rate and Quality Temperature/Viscosity/Density Relationships Electrical Field Intensity Wash Water Rate, Quality and Flow Configuration

    Factors That Affect Desalter Operation And Performance


    Emulsion Formation (Pumps, Exchangers, Valves, Mixers) Control of Water Level and Emulsion Layers Demulsifier Technology and Addition Rate Mud Washing and Brine Recycle

    Performance Evaluation

    Desalting efficiency

    Si - inlet salt concentration So-outlet salt concentration

    Dewatering/ dehydrating efficiency Wi - inlet water content Ww - wash water rate Wo-outlet water content

    Performance Evaluation

    Mixing index

    A optimum salt content. So-outlet salt concentration

    Metal Contaminants

    Metal contaminants such as


    FCC Iron Cadmium vanadium

    Jersey Nickel Equivalent Index 1000 * (Ni + 0.2V +0.1 Fe) Shell Contamination Index 1000 * (14Ni + 14Cu + 4V + Fe)

    THANK YOU

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