BANTUAN DAN

PINJAMAN
PEMBANGUNAN

(DEVELOPMENT
AID)

TEKNIK GEODESI DAN

GEOMATIKA

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

APAKAH BANTUAN/PINJAMAN
ITU?
Aid is given by donor countries to recipient countries to help their
development,or help them recover from a natural disaster.
 The aid takes many forms and can be given on a large scale or small scale.
Large scale aid is called top-down aid as it is usually given to the
government of the developing country so that they can spend it on the
projects that they need.
 Unfortunately this can lead to the mis-use of aid money by unscrupulous
governments. Aid from developing country governments tends to be given
as top-down aid.
 Small scale aid projects are called bottom-up aid. These target the people
most in need of the aid and help them directly, without any government
interference. Aid from charities tends to be bottom-up aid.
 There are five main types of aid that can be given to developing countries
BANTUAN/PINJAMAN
BERSYARAT
Conditional aid is given by a donor country (MEDC) to a
receptor country (LEDC) to finance projects in that country. In
return the receptor country usually has to agree to buy other
products from the from the donor country
A good example was the building of the Aswan dam in
Egypt. The Russians gave the Egyptians money to help build
the dam, in return for Egypt allowing them unlimited access to
its airfields.
The project began in the 1950's and General Nassua eventually
told the Russians to leave after the six day war in 1967.
BANTUAN/PINJAMAN
BERSYARAT
In 1994 the British Government came under fire as
details of a supposed conditional aid package reached
the public. The scheme involved Britain giving £234
million worth of aid to help the Malaysian Government
build their Pergauhydro-electric dam scheme.
However it then emerged that this aid was linked to
£1.3 billion of British defence contracts with Malaysia.
Similar claims were made about defence contracts and
aid money given to Indonesia.
BANTUAN/PINJAMAN JANGKA
PANJANG
 Long-term Aid: Long term aid aims to help the country
develop in the future, by introducing schemes to help things
like health care, education and food production. Many of the
NGO's are involved in these long term schemes, which can be
large scale or small scale projects.
 The main aim of the schemes is to introduce ideas and thinking
that can be easily sustained by the local community, with only
the help of the NGO to set them up in the first place.
Many of the schemes introduced by Comic Relief into countries
like Burkina Faso and Ethiopia are examples of long term
sustainable aid.
BANTUAN/PINJAMAN JANGKA
PENDEK
 Short-term Aid: Also known as emergency aid, this is the
aid that you will have seen on the news. Charities and
governments send short term aid after a natural disaster to
help the country recover.
Two recent examples include the famines in Africa for which
food, medicine and shelters were quickly sent over to countries
such as Ethiopia and Sudan. Then there were the terrible floods
in Mozambique in early 2000, which led to food, medicine,
clothes and shelters being sent over, as well as South African
helicopters being used to pluck people from the flood waters.
BANTUAN/PINJAMAN
MULTILATERAL
 Multilateral Aid: This form of aid involves the developed
countries giving money to central international
organisations such as the World Bank and the World
Health Organisation. These then decide where and when
the money is going to be spent. In the case of the World
Bank this money is still a loan, that will need to be paid
back, whilst other organisations act more like charities.
 It is this form of aid that the Brandt Report suggested each
country should give 0.7% of its GNP towards. However
most countries do not get close to reaching that target.
BANTUAN/PINJAMAN BILATERAL
DAN BANTUAN/PINJAMAN TERIKAT
 Memiliki definisi yang sama dengan
bantuan/pinjaman bersyarat
 Lihat “Bantuan/Pinjaman Bersyarat”
 Note: Bilateral aid, from one country to another, is
frequently criticised because it often seems to
serve the interests of the donor nation as much as,
if not more than, the country receiving aid.
(Pencitraan doang)
Non Governmental Organisation
 The term non-governmental organisation (NGO) came into common
usage in 1945 when the United Nations used it in its Charter to
distinguish between intergovernmental agencies and international
private organisations (NGOs).
 Some 25,000 organisations, covering a huge variety of objectives, now
qualify as international NGOs. The influence of NGOs on international
policy has increased markedly in the last few decades. They have
successfully promoted:
• new environmental agreements
• women’s rights
• arms control and disarmament measures
• the rights of children, the disabled, the poor and indigenous peoples.
DARIMANA NGO MENDAPATKAN
UANG?
NGOs are usually financed from the following
sources:
 membership dues – the traditional source of
funding
 government grants
 retail operations, eg charity shops
 private foundations, corporations and wealthy
individuals.
 Types Advantages: Disadvantages:

The recipient country gets the money The recipient country falls further into

Advantage & Disadvantage

Conditional Aid:
it needs for projects that will benefit
the country. The donor country keeps
an "economic colonial" hold over the
debt to the donor country. The projects
are often large scale, where it would
actually benefit the ordinary people
recipient country. The donor country more by using small scale community
increases its trade and economic schemes. The projects are often not
influence. appropriate for the recipient country.

Theoretically the aid comes with no

The aid is still a loan that must be paid
ties to the donor country as it is
back, along with the interest charges on
allocated by international
Multilateral Aid: it. The aid often does not reach the
organisations. The real needs of the
people it was meant for as the
recipient country are focussed on for
government uses it for other purposes.
the aid to be targeted towards.
They work on smaller community-
based projects that help the people They rely on the generosity of the public
who most need it. There are no as well as donations from governments
NGO’s(charities):
political ties. The projects use for their funds. This means that their
technology appropriate to the area that cash flow isn?t always guaranteed.
they are in.
KETIDAKUNTUNGAN
 The main disadvantage of all forms of aid is that
many developing countries have become dependent
upon it for their survival.
 This has led to some developing countries calling aid
an "economic colonialism" where the developed
countries have a tight hold over the development of
the developing countries. The massive debts that
many of them have only increase this dependency on
aid form the developed countries.