Peace Theme 1 Lesson 2 - DIGDIGAN

THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION
OF HUMAN RIGHTS
What is Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Philippines?
Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in

this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race,
color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
What are the rights in the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights?
The Universal Declaration includes civil and

political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free speech and
privacy. It also includes economic, social and
cultural rights, like the right to social security, health and
education.
Human rights are the basic rights inherent to all
human beings from birth until death. These rights
include the right to life and liberty, personal
security, freedom from torture, freedom from
discrimination and freedom from arbitrary arrest,
among others.
Since the election of President Rodrigo Duterte in 2016, it has
been widely alleged that these and many other basic human
rights have been violated in the Philippines. According to
Human Rights Watch, Duterte and his War on Drugs has
plunged the Philippines into its worst human rights crisis since
the dictatorship years of the 1970s and 1980s.
10 facts about the current environment of human rights in
the Philippines.

1. As of January 2018, Human Rights Watch claims that over 12,000 drug suspects have been killed
since the War on Drugs Commenced on July 1, 2016.
2. From July 1, 2016 to September 26, 2017, 3,906 suspected drugs users and dealers were killed by
police. These numbers from the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency do not include deaths by
unidentified gunmen — these so-called extra-judicial killings have been responsible for
thousands of more deaths.
3. An average of four Filipinos a day are killed by drive-by motorcycle attacks, according to data from the
Philippines National Police.
4. Between July 1, 2016 and September 26, 2017, 118,287 drug personalities were arrested, and
1,308,078 others surrendered to authorities. These numbers according to an official government report.
5. Police have killed 56 children since the start of the War on Drugs according to Human Rights Watch.
6. Since 1986, 177 Filipino reporters have been killed. According to Reporters Without Borders, the
Philippines was the deadliest country in Asia for journalists in 2017. President Duterte has continually
vilified journalists who have been critical of his administration.
7. The Department of Labor and Employment reported that, as of 2017, 18,000 women and children
work in dangerous small-scale gold mining operations in the Philippines.
8. The Department of Social Welfare and Development stated that 85,570 child laborers work in the
agricultural sector in the Philippines.
9. More than 8,000 Filipinos were arrested from June 13 to June 26, 2018 for violating new
anti-loitering laws. The laws have been labeled as discriminatory, essentially targeting and jailing poor
Filipinos for being in public.
10. As of September 2017, 94 percent of Filipinos behind bars were still awaiting their first day in court.
The Department of Justice stated that it had over 700,000 outstanding cases.
Human rights are basic rights that belong to all of us
simply because we are human. They embody key values
in our society such as fairness, dignity, equality and
respect. They are an important means of protection for
us all, especially those who may face abuse, neglect and
isolation.
What human rights are covered by the Act?
The Act sets out your human rights in a series of ‘Articles’. Each
Article deals with a different right. These are all taken from the
ECHR and are commonly known as ‘the Convention Rights’:
 Article 2: Right to life
 Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law. This right is one of the most important of the Convention
since without the right to life it is impossible to enjoy the other rights. No one shall be condemned to death
penalty or executed.
 Article 3: Freedom from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment
 torture (mental or physical) inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and. deportation or
extradition (being sent to another country to face criminal charges) if there is a real risk you will
face torture or inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in the country concerned
 Article 4: Freedom from slavery and forced labour
 protects your right not to be held in slavery or servitude, or made to do forced labour. Slavery is when
someone actually owns you like a piece of property. Servitude is similar to slavery - you might live on the
person's premises, work for them and be unable to leave, but they don't own you.
 Article 5: Right to liberty and security
 the right to liberty and security – protects us from having our freedom arbitrarily taken away. This right is
particularly important for people held in immigration detention or in the criminal justice system or detained
under mental health laws.
 Article 6: Right to a fair trial
1. In the determination of his civil rights and obligations or of any criminal charge against him, everyone is
entitled to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal
established by law. Judgment shall be pronounced publicly but the press and public may be excluded from
all or part of the trial in the interest of morals, public order or national security in a democratic society,
where the interests of juveniles or the protection of the private life of the parties so require, or to the extent
strictly necessary in the opinion of the court in special circumstances where publicity would prejudice the
interests of justice.
2. Everyone charged with a criminal offence shall be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law.
3. Everyone charged with a criminal offence has the following minimum rights:
-to be informed promptly, in a language which he understands and in detail, of the nature and cause of
the accusation against him
-to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of his defense
-to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing or, if he has not sufficient
means to pay for legal assistance, to be given it free when the interests of justice so require
-to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of
witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him
-to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court.
 Article 7: No punishment without law
1. No one shall be held guilty of any criminal offence on account of any act or omission which did not
constitute a criminal offence under national law at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier
penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the criminal offence was committed.
2. This Article shall not prejudice the trial and punishment of any person for any act or omission which, at the
time when it was committed, was criminal according to the general principles of law recognised by civilised
nations.
 Article 8: Respect for your private and family life, home and correspondence
Everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in
accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public
safety or the economic well-being of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of
health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others
 Article 9: Freedom of thought, belief and religion
1. Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change
his religion or belief and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest
his religion or belief, in worship, teaching practice and observance.
2. Freedom to manifest one’s religion or beliefs shall be subject only to such limitations as are prescribed by law
and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of public safety, for the protection of public order, health
or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
 Article 10: Freedom of expression

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to
receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This
Article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such
formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic
society, in the interests of national security, territorial disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for
the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in
confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary.
 Article 11: Freedom of assembly and association
 protects your right to peacefully protest, go to demonstrations as well as join political parties, trade unions
and/or voluntary groups. It also means that nobody can force you to join a protest, trade union, political
party or another association
 Article 12: Right to marry and start a family
 Men and women of marriageable age shall have the right to marry and to found a family, according to
national laws governing the exercise of this right.
 Article 14: Protection from discrimination in respect of these rights and freedoms
 The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in the European Convention on Human Rights and the
Human Rights Act shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority,
property, birth or other status
Articles 1 and 13
Articles 1 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
do not feature in the Act. This is because, by creating the Human Rights
Act, the UK has fulfilled these rights.
For example, Article 1 says that states must secure the rights of the
Convention in their own jurisdiction. The Human Rights Act is the main
way of doing this.
Article 13 makes sure that if people’s rights are violated they are able to
access effective remedy. This means they can take their case to court to
seek a judgment. The Human Rights Act is designed to make sure this
happens.
 Protocol 1, Article 1: Right to peaceful enjoyment of your property
 Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be
deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by
law and by the general principles of international law.
 Protocol 1, Article 2: Right to education
 No person shall be denied a right to an education. In the exercise of any functions which it assumes in
relation to education and to teaching, the State shall respect the right of parents to ensure such
education and teaching is in conformity with their own religious and philosophical convictions.
 Protocol 1, Article 3: Right to participate in free elections
 The High Contracting Parties undertake to hold free elections at reasonable intervals by secret ballot,
under conditions which will ensure the free expression of the opinion of the people in the choice of the
legislature.
 Protocol 13, Article 1: Abolition of the death penalty
 The death penalty shall be abolished. No one shall be condemned to such penalty or executed.
REFERENCES
https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en
https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights

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THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in

The Universal Declaration includes civil and

 Article 10: Freedom of expression

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